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Amaranthaceae
Amaranthaceae ( ) is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus '' Amaranthus''. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making it the most species-rich lineage within its parent order, Caryophyllales. Description Most species in the Amaranthaceae are annual or perennial herbs or subshrubs; others are shrubs; very few species are vines or trees. Some species are succulent. Many species have stems with thickened nodes. The wood of the perennial stem has a typical "anomalous" secondary growth; only in subfamily Polycnemoideae is secondary growth normal. The leaves are simple and mostly alternate, sometimes opposite. They never possess stipules. They are flat or terete, and their shape is extremely variable, with entire or toothed margins. In some species, the leaves are reduced to minute scales. In most cases, neither basal nor terminal aggregations of leav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polycnemoideae
The Polycnemoideae are a small subfamily of plants in the family Amaranthaceae, representing a basal evolutionary lineage. The few relictual species are distributed in Eurasia and North Africa, North America, and Australia. Description The subfamily Polycnemoideae comprises small herbs; some species are weakly lignified and grow shrublike. The subfamily is distinguishable from all other members of Amaranthaceae by normal secondary growth. The alternate or opposite leaves are often linear or subulate. The stomata of the leaves are arranged in parallel to the midveins. The bisexual flowers are sitting solitary in the axil of a bract and two bracteoles. The inconspicuous perianth is formed of chartaceous, scarious, white or pinkish tepals. One to five stamens are present with their filaments united in a short but distinct filament tube (like in subfamily Amaranthoideae). Anthers are with only one lobe and two pollen sacs (bilocular, like in subfamily Gomphrenoideae). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amaranthus
''Amaranthus'' is a cosmopolitan group of more than 50 species which make up the genus of annual or short-lived perennial plants collectively known as amaranths. Some names include " prostrate pigweed" and " love lies bleeding". Some amaranth species are cultivated as leaf vegetables, pseudocereals, and ornamental plants. Catkin-like cymes of densely-packed flowers grow in summer or fall. Amaranth varies in flower, leaf, and stem color with a range of striking pigments from the spectrum of maroon to crimson and can grow longitudinally from tall with a cylindrical, succulent, fibrous stem that is hollow with grooves and bracteoles when mature. There are approximately 75 species in the genus, 10 of which are dioecious and native to North America, and the remaining 65 are monoecious species that are endemic to every continent (except Antarctica) from tropical lowlands to the Himalayas. Members of this genus share many characteristics and uses with members of the closely related g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Betoideae
The Betoideae are a small subfamily of the flowering plant amaranth family, Amaranthaceae ''sensu lato'' (or in Chenopodiaceae ''sensu stricto''). Commonly known members include beet, sugar beet, chard, and mangelwurzel, which all are cultivars of ''Beta vulgaris''. Description The species of Betoideae are annuals, biennial or perennial herbs, vines ''( Hablitzia)'' or subshrubs. The flowers have 5 tepals ('' Aphanisma'' only 3) and 5 stamens ''( Aphanisma'' only one). The fruits of Betoideae are capsules that open with a circumscissile lid. In tribe Beteae, the perianth is basally indurated in fruit, and the stamens a basally inserted to a thickened bulge surrounding the visible part of the ovary. In tribe Hablitzieae, the tepals are not modified in fruit and membranous, and the stamens are basally united in a membranous ring. Distribution and habitat Most genera are distributed in Western and Southern Europe, in the Mediterranean and Southwest Asia, but one disjunct gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salicornioideae
The Salicornioideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Amaranthaceae (''sensu lato'', including the Chenopodiaceae). Important characters are succulent, often articulated stems, strongly reduced leaves, and flowers aggregated in thick, dense spike-shaped thyrses. These halophyte, halophytic plants are distributed worldwide. Many are edible (see Samphire) Description The Salicornioideae are Annual plant, annual or Perennial plant, perennial herbs, subshrubs, or low shrubs. Their stems are glabrous and often apparently jointed. The alternate or opposite leaf, leaves are fleshy, glabrous, often basally connate and stem-clasping (thus forming the joints), with missing or short free leaf blades. The spike-shaped inflorescences consist of alternate or opposite bracts, these are often connate and stem-clasping, sometimes free. In the axil of each bract, there are one to five (rarely to twelve) flowers, free or sometimes fused to each other, to the bract, and to the inf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gomphrenoideae
The Gomphrenoideae are a subfamily of the Amaranthaceae. The stamens have anthers with only one lobe (locule) and two pollen sacs. Many species show C4-photosynthesis pathway. The center of diversity lies in Central America, Mexico and the dry forests and thorn bush savannas of South America. Systematics The subfamily Gomphrenoideae was first published in 1893 by Hans Schinz (in: Engler und Prantl (Eds.): ''Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien'' vol. 3, 1a, p. 97). According to phylogenetic research by Sanchez Del-Pino (2009), the subfamily Gomphrenoideae Schinz is regarded as a monophyletic taxon with 19 genera and about 300-400 species. The traditional classification with two tribes (Gomphreneae and Pseudoplantageae) does not reflect the phylogenetic relationship in this group. Three clades can be recognized.: Iresinoids * '' Irenella'' Suess., with only one species: ** ''Irenella chrysotricha'' Suess., in rain forests of Ecuador. Phylogenetically, it falls within '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caryophyllales
Caryophyllales ( ) is a diverse and heterogeneous order of flowering plants with well-known members including cacti, carnations, beets, quinoa, spinach, amaranths, pigfaces and ice plants, oraches and saltbushes, goosefoots, sundews, Venus flytraps, monkey cup pitcher plants, Malabar spinach, bougainvilleas, four o'clock flowers, buckwheat, knotweeds, rhubarb, sorrel, portulacas, jojoba, and tamarisks. Many members are succulent, having fleshy stems or leaves. The betalain pigments are unique in plants of this order and occur in all its core families with the exception of Caryophyllaceae and Molluginaceae. Noncore families, such as Nepenthaceae, instead produce anthocyanins. In its modern definition, the order encompasses a whole new group of families (formerly included in the order Polygonales) that never synthesize betalains, among which several families are carnivorous (like Nepenthaceae and Droseraceae). According to molecular clock calculations, the line ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suaedoideae
The Suaedoideae are a subfamily of plants in the family Amaranthaceae (now including the former family Chenopodiaceae). These plants are characterized by well-developed leaves, which, except for the ''Bienertia'' genus, feature a central vascular bundle and numerous lateral bundles. Suaedoideae are found nearly worldwide and play a significant role in the vegetation of shorelines and salty inland habitats, particularly in arid regions. The subfamily includes both C3 and C4 plants, with C4 photosynthesis having originated independently four times within the group. Phylogenetic research divides Suaedoideae into two tribes: Bienertieae and Suaedeae. Description The Suaedoideae have well-developed leaves. Except for genus '' Bienertia'', the leaves show a central and many lateral vascular bundles. The leaves are neither decurrent nor amplexicaul. The inflorescences are axillary cymes. The flowers are sitting free in the axils of bracts, with lateral bracteoles. The perianth consist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amaranthoideae
The Amaranthoideae are a subfamily of the Amaranthaceae. The stamens have anthers with two lobes (locules) and four pollen sacs. The main distribution of the subfamily is in tropical Americas, America, in Tropical Africa, tropical and southern Africa, and in Australia. The genera ''Amaranthus'' (the amaranths) and ''Celosia'' (the cockscombs) contain many ornamental species, as well as species whose seeds are used as pseudocereals and leaves as leaf vegetables. Systematics The subfamily Amaranthoideae comprises about 57 genera with about 330 species. Phylogenetical research revealed that the subfamily is polyphyletic and its traditional classification (tribe Amarantheae Rchb. with two subtribes Amaranthinae und Aervinae) does not reflect the phylogenetic relationship. Therefore, a new taxonomical grouping is required. Müller & Borsch (2005) recognized several clades: *basal group: ** ''Bosea (plant), Bosea'' L., on Macaronesian Islands, and in Cyprus and western Himalay ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chenopodioideae
The Chenopodioideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Amaranthaceae in the APG III system, which is largely based on molecular phylogeny, but were included – together with other subfamilies – in the family Chenopodiaceae, or goosefoot family, in the Cronquist system. Food species comprise spinach (''Spinacia oleracea''), Good King Henry (''Blitum bonus-henricus''), several ''Chenopodium'' species (quinoa, Chenopodium pallidicaule, kañiwa, Chenopodium album, fat hen), Atriplex, orache (''Atriplex'' spp.), and Dysphania ambrosioides, epazote (''Dysphania ambrosioides''). The name is Greek for goosefoot, the common name of a genus of plants having small greenish flowers. Description The Chenopodioideae are annual or perennial herbs, subshrubs, shrub or small trees. The leaves are usually alternate and flat. The flowers are often unisexual. Many species are monoecious or have mixed inflorescences of bisexual and unisexual flowers. Some species are dioecious, like ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corispermoideae
The Corispermoideae are a subfamily of the Amaranthaceae, formerly in family Chenopodiaceae. Description The species of the subfamily Corispermoideae are all annual plants. Leaves are mostly alternate, sessile or petiole-like attenuate, laminate, scleromorphic. Typical are branched (dendritic) trichomes (except in '' Anthochlamys'') on young plant parts. The flowers are arranged in simple, compact (sometimes globular) partial inflorescences, or in spikes. Bracteoles are missing. The perianth consists of 1-5 white, membranaceous tepals (missing in some '' Corispermum'' species) without vascular bundles, not persistent. The pollen grains of '' Agriophyllum'' and '' Corispermum'' are of the "Chenopodium type", of '' Anthochlamys'' of the "Anthochlamys type". The fruits possess supporting tissue consisting of macrosclereids. The seeds have a vertical embryo and copious perisperm.Alexander P. Sukhorukov: ''Fruit anatomy and its taxonomic significance in Corispermum (Corispermoidea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salsoloideae
The Salsoloideae are a subfamily of the Amaranthaceae, formerly in family Chenopodiaceae. Description These are herbs, subshrubs, shrubs and some trees. Stems and leaves are often succulent. The ovary contains a spiral embryo. In most genera, scarious wings develop at the outside of the fruiting perianth, allowing for dispersal by the wind ( anemochory). In tribe Caroxyleae, the stamens have vesiculose anther appendages, discolor with anthers, that probably play a role for insect pollination. In tribe Salsoleae the anther appendages are absent or small and inconspicuous. Distribution The area with most species ( center of diversity) are the deserts and semideserts of Central-Asia and the Middle East. Distribution of the subfamily extends to the Mediterranean, to Middle-Europe, north and south Africa, and Australia, some species have also been introduced to America. Many species grow in dry habitats ( xerophytes) or tolerate salty soils (halophyte A halophyte is a salt- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camphorosmoideae
Camphorosmeae is a species-rich tribe of the Amaranthaceae, formerly Chenopodiaceae, with 20 genera and about 179 species. It is classified as a single tribe of subfamily Camphorosmoideae. Description Camphorosmeae species are mostly dwarf shrubs or annuals (rarely perennial herbs) with spreading or ascending branches. The plants are more or less densely covered with appressed or spreading hairs. The alternate leaves are often succulent, only a few annual species have thin and flat leaves. The inconspicuous flowers sit solitary or in axillary clusters of 2–3 (5) in the axil of a subtending bract. They differ from the related subfamily Salsoloideae by the absence of bracteoles. The flowers are mostly bisexual. The perianth consists of (3–) 5 membranous or scarious tepals, which are often fused for about 1/5 to 4/5 of their length. 4–5 stamens are basally fused in a hypogynous disc. They have mostly exserted anthers without appendages. The pollen grains differ from Salso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
