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1177 Deaths
Year 1177 ( MCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January – Eystein Meyla, leader of the Birkebeiner in Norway, is killed. Sverre Sigurdson (Later, King Sverre I, of Norway) becomes the new leader. * January 13 – Leopold V becomes Duke of Austria. * March – Treaty of Venice: Frederick I Barbarossa acknowledges Alexander III as Pope, after a diplomatic mediation by Venetian doge Sebastiano Ziani. * March 16 – The Spanish Award is signed and witnessed by, among others, Robert III de Stuteville and John of Greenford *August 1 – The Holy Roman Empire renounces any claims on the territory of Rome. *September 27 – Pope Alexander III sends a letter to Prester John, believing he is real. *November 25 – Battle of Montgisard: Baldwin IV of Jerusalem and Raynald of Chatillon defeat Saladin. Date unknown * During the third year of the Angen era in Japan, a fire d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Numerals
Roman numerals are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages. Numbers are written with combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet, each with a fixed integer value. The modern style uses only these seven: The use of Roman numerals continued long after the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, decline of the Roman Empire. From the 14th century on, Roman numerals began to be replaced by Arabic numerals; however, this process was gradual, and the use of Roman numerals persisted in various places, including on clock face, clock faces. For instance, on the clock of Big Ben (designed in 1852), the hours from 1 to 12 are written as: The notations and can be read as "one less than five" (4) and "one less than ten" (9), although there is a tradition favouring the representation of "4" as "" on Roman numeral clocks. Other common uses include year numbers on monuments and buildin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Doge (title)
A doge ( , ; plural dogi or doges; see #Usage, below) was an elected lord and head of state in several Italy, Italian city-states, notably Republic of Venice, Venice and Republic of Genoa, Genoa, during the medieval and Renaissance periods. Such states were referred to as crowned republics. Doges wore a special hat, the Corno ducale and usually ruled life-long. The office of the doge in English is termed a ''dogeship''. Etymology The word ''doge'' comes from Venetian language, Venetian Italian, and, like its standard Italian language , Italian cognate ''duce'' (as in Benito Mussolini , Mussolini's title "Il Duce"), is derived from the Latin ', meaning either "spiritual leader" or "military commander". The political term ''doge'' reached English language, English via French language, French, along with the related English derivation ''duke''. In standard Italian language, Italian, the two derivations from the Latin word ''dux'' – ' and ' (both masculine; feminine: ') – a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saladin
Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub ( – 4 March 1193), commonly known as Saladin, was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty. Hailing from a Kurdish family, he was the first sultan of both Egypt and Syria. An important figure of the Third Crusade, he spearheaded the Muslim military effort against the Crusader states in the Levant. At the height of his power, the Ayyubid realm spanned Egypt, Syria, Upper Mesopotamia, the Hejaz, Yemen, and Nubia. Alongside his uncle Shirkuh, a Kurdish mercenary commander in service of the Zengid dynasty, Saladin was sent to Fatimid Egypt in 1164, on the orders of the Zengid ruler Nur ad-Din. With their original purpose being to help restore Shawar as the vizier to the teenage Fatimid caliph al-Adid, a power struggle ensued between Shirkuh and Shawar after the latter was reinstated. Saladin, meanwhile, climbed the ranks of the Fatimid government by virtue of his military successes against Crusader assaults and his personal closeness to al-Adid. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raynald Of Chatillon
Reginald is a masculine given name in the English language meaning "king". Etymology and history The name Reginald comes from Latin meaning "king" and "ruler" symbolizing authority and leadership. It comes from combining Latin “ rex” meaning king and “nald” meaning ruler. The name is derived from ''Reginaldus'' which means "king". This name signifies a ruler or kingly figure, representing authority and leadership. This Latin name is a Latinisation of a Germanic language name. The Germanic name is composed of two elements: the first ''ragin'', meaning "advice", "counsel", "decision"; the second element is ''wald'', meaning "rule", "ruler". The Old German form of the name is ''Raginald''; Old French forms are ''Reinald'' and ''Reynaud''. Forms of this Germanic name were first brought to the British Isles by Scandinavians, in the form of the Old Norse ''Rögnvaldr''. This name was later reinforced by the arrival of the Normans in the 11th century, in the Norman forms ''Rei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baldwin IV Of Jerusalem
Baldwin IV (1161–1185), known as the Leper King, was the king of Jerusalem from 1174 until his death in 1185. He was admired by historians and his contemporaries for his dedication to the Kingdom of Jerusalem in the face of his debilitating leprosy. Choosing competent advisers, Baldwin ruled a thriving crusader state and succeeded in protecting it from the Muslim ruler Saladin. Baldwin's parents, King Amalric and Agnes of Courtenay, separated when Baldwin was two. At nine years old, he was sent to be educated by Archbishop William of Tyre. William noticed preliminary symptoms of leprosy, but Baldwin was only diagnosed after he succeeded his father as king. Thereafter, his hands and face became increasingly disfigured. He mastered horse riding despite gradually losing sensation in his extremities and fought in battles until his last years. Miles of Plancy ruled the kingdom in Baldwin's name until the former was murdered, and Count Raymond III of Tripoli took over until the kin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Montgisard
The Battle of Montgisard was fought between the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Ayyubid Dynasty on 25 November 1177 at Montgisard, in the Levant between Ramla and Yibna. The 16-year-old Baldwin IV of Jerusalem, severely afflicted by leprosy, led outnumbered Christian forces against Saladin's troops in what became one of the most notable engagements of the Crusades. The Muslim Army was quickly routed and pursued for twelve miles. Saladin fled back to Cairo, reaching the city on 8 December, with only a tenth of his army. Muslim historians considered Saladin's defeat to be so severe that it was only redeemed by his victory ten years later at the battles of Cresson and Hattin and the Siege of Jerusalem in 1187. Saladin did defeat Baldwin IV in the Battle of Marj Ayyun and the Siege of Jacob’s Ford in 1179, only to be defeated by Baldwin again at the Battle of Belvoir Castle in 1182 and the Siege of Kerak in 1183. Background In 1177, King Baldwin IV of Jerusalem and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
November 25
Events Pre-1600 *571 BC – Servius Tullius, king of Ancient Rome, Rome, celebrates the first of his three Roman triumph, triumphs for his victory over the Etruscans. *1034 – Máel Coluim II of Scotland, Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots, dies. His grandson, Donnchad I of Scotland, Donnchad, son of Bethóc and Crínán of Dunkeld, inherits the throne. *1120 – The ''White Ship'' sinks in the English Channel, drowning William Adelin, son and heir of Henry I of England. *1177 – Baldwin IV of Jerusalem and Raynald of Châtillon defeat Saladin at the Battle of Montgisard. *1343 – A tsunami, caused by an Earthquake of 1343, earthquake in the Tyrrhenian Sea, devastates Naples and the Amalfi, Maritime Republic of Amalfi, among other places. *1400 – King Minkhaung I becomes king of Kingdom of Ava, Ava. *1487 – Elizabeth of York is crowned list of English consorts, Queen of England. *1491 – The siege of Granada, the last Moors, Moorish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prester John
Prester John () was a mythical Christian patriarch, presbyter, and king. Stories popular in Europe in the 12th to the 17th centuries told of a Church of the East, Nestorian patriarch and king who was said to rule over a Christian state, Christian nation lost amid the pagans and Muslims in the Orient. The accounts were often embellished with various tropes of medieval popular fantasy, depicting Prester John as a descendant of the Three Magi, ruling a kingdom full of riches, marvels, and strange creatures. At first, Prester John was imagined to reside in India. Tales of the Nestorian Christians' evangelistic success there and of Thomas the Apostle's subcontinental travels as documented in works like the ''Acts of Thomas'' probably provided the first seeds of the legend. As Europeans became aware of the Mongols and their empire, accounts placed the king in Central Asia, and eventually Portuguese explorers came to believe that the term was a reference to Ethiopian Empire, Ethiopia, by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
September 27
Events Pre-1600 * 1066 – William the Conqueror and his army set sail from the mouth of the Somme river, beginning the Norman conquest of England. * 1331 – The Battle of Płowce is fought, between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Order. The Poles are defeated but their leaders escape capture. * 1422 – After the brief Gollub War, the Teutonic Knights sign the Treaty of Melno with Poland and Lithuania. * 1529 – The Siege of Vienna begins when Suleiman I attacks the city. *1540 – The Society of Jesus (Jesuits) receives its charter from Pope Paul III. 1601–1900 * 1605 – The armies of Sweden are defeated by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Battle of Kircholm. * 1669 – The Venetians surrender the fortress of Candia to the Ottomans, thus ending the 21-year-long Siege of Candia. *1777 – American Revolution: Lancaster, Pennsylvania becomes the capital of the United States for one day after Congress evacuates Philade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rome
Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2,746,984 residents in , Rome is the list of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, third most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. The Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, with a population of 4,223,885 residents, is the most populous metropolitan cities of Italy, metropolitan city in Italy. Rome metropolitan area, Its metropolitan area is the third-most populous within Italy. Rome is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, within Lazio (Latium), along the shores of the Tiber Valley. Vatican City (the smallest country in the world and headquarters of the worldwide Catholic Church under the governance of the Holy See) is an independent country inside the city boun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
August 1
Events Pre-1600 * 30 BC – Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic. *AD 69 – Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt under the leadership of Gaius Julius Civilis. * 527 – Justinian I becomes the sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire. * 607 – Ono no Imoko is dispatched as envoy to the Sui court in China (Traditional Japanese date: July 3, 607). * 902 – Taormina, the last Byzantine stronghold in Sicily, is captured by the Aghlabid army, concluding the Muslim conquest of Sicily. * 1203 – Isaac II Angelos, restored Byzantine Emperor, declares his son Alexios IV Angelos co-emperor after pressure from the forces of the Fourth Crusade. * 1291 – The Old Swiss Confederacy is formed with the signature of the Federal Charter. * 1469 – Louis XI of France founds the chivalric order called the Order of Saint Michael in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Of Greenford
John of Greenford was a medieval Bishop of Chichester. Life Some historians say John's ancestry is unknown,Warren ''Henry II'' p. 535 but others say he was the son of a canon, or priest. Although Greenford is a location in Middlesex, no contemporary record gives him that name, and it not known when the surname was first attached to John.Mayr-Harting "Introduction" ''Acta'' pp. 5-6 He was a prebend A prebendary is a member of the Catholic or Anglican clergy, a form of canon with a role in the administration of a cathedral or collegiate church. When attending services, prebendaries sit in particular seats, usually at the back of the choir ... of London, and Dean of Chichester,Greenway Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066-1300: Volume 5: Chichester: Deans' holding the office of dean for over 20 years. He was elected to the see of Chichester in late April 1173, and consecrated on 6 October 1174.Fryde, et al. ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 239 As he is said to have been the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
