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Büyük Valide Sultan
Valide Sultan (, lit. "Sultana mother") was the title held by the mother of a ruling sultan of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans first formally used the title in the 16th century as an epithet of Hafsa Sultan (died 1534), mother of Sultan Suleyman I (), superseding the previous epithets of Valide Hatun (lady mother), '' mehd-i ulya'' ("cradle of the great"). or "the nacre of the pearl of the sultanate". Peirce, Leslie P., ''The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire'', Oxford University Press, 1993, (paperback) Normally, the living mother of a reigning sultan held this title. Those mothers who died before their sons' accession to the throne never received the title of . In special cases sisters, grandmothers and stepmothers of a reigning sultan assumed the title and/or the functions . Term The word () literally means 'mother' in Ottoman Turkish, from Arabic . The Turkish pronunciation of the word is . Sultan (, ) is an Arabic word originally meaning ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries. The empire emerged from a Anatolian beyliks, ''beylik'', or principality, founded in northwestern Anatolia in by the Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. His successors Ottoman wars in Europe, conquered much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans by the mid-14th century, transforming their petty kingdom into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the Fall of Constantinople, conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed II. With its capital at History of Istanbul#Ottoman Empire, Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interacti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
şehzade
''Şehzade'' () is the Ottoman form of the Persian title '' Shahzadeh'', and refers to the male descendants of an Ottoman sovereign in the male line. This title is equivalent to " prince of the blood imperial" in English. Origin ''Şehzade'' derives from the Persian word '' shahzadeh'' or ''shahzada''. In the realm of a shah (or shahanshah), a prince or princess of the blood was logically called ''shahzada'', the term being derived from "shah" using the Persian patronymic suffix '' -zādeh'' or '' -zada'', meaning "son of", "daughter of", "descendant of", or "born of". However, the precise full styles can differ in the court traditions of each monarchy. Usage in Ottoman royalty In Ottoman royalty, the title ''şehzade'' designates male descendants of sovereigns in the male line. In formal address, this title is used with title ''sultan'' before a given name, reflecting the Ottoman conception of sovereign power as a family prerogative. Only a ''şehzade'' had the right to suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umm Walad
In the Muslim world, the title of ''umm al-walad'' () was given to a Concubinage in Islam, slave-concubine who had given birth to a child acknowledged by her master as his. These women were regarded as property and could be sold by their owners, a practice that was permitted at the time under regulations from Prophet Muhammad. After Muhammad’s death, Umar authorized a policy during his time as a caliph, that prohibited owners from selling or gifting their ''umm al-walads'', and upon their owners deaths, they would be granted freedom. Ali, Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, initially concurred with Umar's decision. However, after Umar's death and the death of Uthman, who maintained the policy, Ali reversed it in the later period of his caliphate, declaring that ''umm al-walad'' was still sellable despite having given birth to the owner's child. Ali's viewpoint was eventually integrated into Shia Islam, Shi'ism, along with the acceptance of Nikah mut'ah, temporary marriages. On ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turhan Sultan
Hatice Turhan Sultan (, "''merciful"'' or "''noble''"; 1627 – 4 August 1683) was the first Haseki sultan of the Ottoman sultan Ibrahim (), and Valide sultan as the mother of Mehmed IV () as well as the Official Regent of the Ottoman Empire, reigning from 1651 to 1656. Turhan was prominent for the regency of her young son and her building patronage. She and Kösem Sultan are the only two women in Ottoman history to be regarded as official regents and had supreme control over the Ottoman Empire. As a result, Turhan became one of the prominent figures during the era known as Sultanate of Women. Name Filiz Karaca, the author of the article about Turhan in the Islamic Encyclopedia, noted that although it was stated that Kösem Sultan gave her the name Hatice Turhan, the Ottoman historian and contemporary of Turhan Uşşakızade Ibrahim Efendi wrote that she was first given the name Turhan/Tarhan () and only then Hatice. Karaca also noted that in older sources she was called ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kösem Sultan
Kösem Sultan (; 1589 – 2 September 1651), also known as Mahpeyker Sultan (;), was the Haseki sultan, Haseki Sultan as the chief consort and legal wife of the List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Sultan Ahmed I, Valide sultan, Valide Sultan as a mother of sultans Murad IV and Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire, Ibrahim and Büyük Valide Sultan as a grandmother of Sultan Mehmed IV as well as the official Regent of the Ottoman Empire reigning from 1623 to 1632 during the minority of her son Murad IV and her grandson Mehmed IV between 1648 and 1651. She became one of the most powerful and influential women in History of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman history as well as a central figure during the period known as the Sultanate of Women. Kösem's stature and influence were facilitated by her astute grasp of Ottoman politics and the large number of children she bore. One of her sons and grandson required her regency early in their reigns, and her daughters’ marriages to promi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Safiye Sultan (wife Of Murad III)
Safiye Sultan (; 1550 – ''post'' 1619) was the Haseki Sultan of the Ottoman Sultan Murad III and Valide Sultan as the mother of Mehmed III. Safiye was one of the eminent figures during the era known as the Sultanate of Women. She lived in the Ottoman Empire as a courtier during the reigns of at least seven sultans: Suleiman the Magnificent, Selim II, Murad III, Mehmed III, Ahmed I, Mustafa I and Osman II. After the death of Selim II in 1574, Murad took the throne as the new sultan in Constantinople. Safiye was by his side and moved with him to Topkapi Palace; less than a year into his reign she received the title of Haseki Sultan and was given a higher rank than the sultan's own sisters, Şah Sultan (daughter of Selim II), Şah Sultan, Gevherhan Sultan (daughter of Selim II), Gevherhan Sultan, Ismihan Sultan and Fatma Sultan (daughter of Selim II), Fatma Sultan. Nurbanu Sultan, Murad's mother, was upset with Safiye's influence on Murad, and wanted to replace her with another ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murad III
Murad III (; ; 4 July 1546 – 16 January 1595) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1574 until his death in 1595. His rule saw battles with the Habsburg monarchy, Habsburgs and exhausting wars with the Safavid Iran, Safavids. The long-independent Saadi Sultanate, Morocco was for a time made a vassal of the empire but regained independence in 1582. His reign also saw the empire's expanding influence on the eastern coast of Africa. However, the empire was beset by increasing corruption and inflation from the New World which led to unrest among the Janissary and commoners. Relations with Elizabethan England were cemented during his reign, as both had a common enemy in the Spanish Empire, Spanish. He was also a great patron of the arts, commissioning the ''Siyer-i Nebi, Siyer-i-Nebi'' and other illustrated manuscripts. Early life Born in Manisa on 4 July 1546, Şehzade Murad was the oldest son of Şehzade Selim II, Selim and his powerful wife Nurbanu Sultan. He received a good ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nurbanu Sultan
Nurbanu Sultan (; 1525 – 7 December 1583) was Haseki Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and legal wife of Sultan Selim II (reign 1566–1574), as the mother of Sultan Murad III (reign 1574–1583) and the Valide sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1574 to till her death in 1583. She was one of the most prominent figures during the time of the Sultanate of Women. Theories about her origin There are several theories about the ethnic roots of Nurbanu. Although no theory is definitively demonstrated, the theory of Venetian origins is both the best known and the most accredited and which receives the greatest consensus among historians. ''Cecilia Venier-Baffo'' In 1900, Emilio Spagni claimed that she was a Venetian patrician, illegitimate daughter of Nicolò Venier and Violante Baffo, abducted on Paros when it was captured by Ottoman admiral Hayreddin Barbarossa in the Third Ottoman-Venetian War. The opinion that Nurbanu Sultan was Cecilia Venier-Baffo has been followed by Fra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam
Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world's Major religious groups, second-largest religious population after Christians. Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a Fitra, primordial faith that was revealed many times through earlier Prophets and messengers in Islam, prophets and messengers, including Adam in Islam, Adam, Noah in Islam, Noah, Abraham in Islam, Abraham, Moses in Islam, Moses, and Jesus in Islam, Jesus. Muslims consider the Quran to be the verbatim word of God in Islam, God and the unaltered, final revelation. Alongside the Quran, Muslims also believe in previous Islamic holy books, revelations, such as the Torah in Islam, Tawrat (the Torah), the Zabur (Psalms), and the Gospel in Islam, Injil (Gospel). They believe that Muhammad in Islam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultanate Of Women
The Sultanate of Women () was a period when some consorts, mothers, sisters and grandmother of the sultans of the Ottoman Empire exerted extraordinary political influence. This phenomenon took place from roughly 1534 to 1715, beginning in the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent with the rise of Hürrem Sultan and ending with the death of Gülnuş Sultan. These women were either the consorts – either wives or concubines – of the Sultan, referred to as haseki sultans, or the mothers of the Sultan, known as valide sultans. All of them were of slave origin, as was expected during the sultanate, since the traditional idea of marriage was considered inappropriate for the sultan, who was not expected to have any personal allegiances beyond his governmental role, but at least four of them managed to become the legal wedded wife of the Sultan: Hürrem Sultan with Suleiman, Nurbanu Sultan with Selim II Safiye Sultan with Murad III and Kösem Sultan with Ahmed I. During thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haseki Sultan
Haseki Sultan (, ''Ḫāṣekī Sulṭān'' ) was the title used for the chief consort of an Ottoman sultan. In later years, the meaning of the title changed to "imperial consort". Hurrem Sultan, principal consort and legal wife of Suleiman the Magnificent, was the first holder of this title. The title lost its exclusivity under Ibrahim I, who bestowed it upon eight women simultaneously. The title haseki sultan was used until the 17th century. After that, '' kadınefendi'' became the highest ranking title for imperial consorts, although this title was not as prestigious as haseki sultan. Term The word ''haseki'' (خاصکي-خاصگی) comes from the Arabic word ''Khassa'' (خاصه) which is suffixed with the Persian ''gi'' (گی) and means "to attribute something exclusively to". ''Haseki'' is, therefore, one who belongs exclusively to the sultan. Sultan (سلطان) is an Arabic word, that indicates "authority" or "dominion". starting from the 16th century, this title was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
