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Burg Heinfels
Heinfels Castle is an extensive hilltop castle complex above Heinfels in East Tyrol. The strategically well-situated fortification at 1130 metres above sea level is a striking landmark of the eastern Puster Valley. From the castle you have a wide view up and down the Drava, Drau as well as into the Tyrolean Gailtal valley opposite. History The legendary foundation by the Huns dates back to the 5th century. Until the 16th century, the castle was therefore referred to as ‘Huonenfels’, ‘Huonifels’, ‘Huenfels’ or ‘Heunfels’. For a long time, it was assumed in historical research that the castle was founded by the Avars (Caucasus), Avars. However, in the course of restoration work between 2016 and 2020, building research was able to prove that the oldest part of the castle, the keep, dates back to 1210.Michaela Frick, Walter Hauser: Wiederhergestellt Nr. 62, BURG HEINFELS, 2020'' (german only), Federal Monuments Office Austria, retrieved on 8 November 2023 In 1239, Ott ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hill Castle
A hill castle or mountain castle is a castle built on a natural feature that stands above the surrounding terrain. It is a term derived from the German ''Höhenburg'' used in categorising castle sites by their topographical location. Hill castles are thus distinguished from lowland castles (''Niederungsburgen''). Hill castles may be further subdivided depending on their situation into the following: * Hilltop castle (''Gipfelburg''), that stands on the summit of a hill with steep drops on all sides. A special type is the rock castle or ''Felsenburg''. * Ridge castle (''Kammburg''), that is built on the crest of a ridge. * Hillside castle (''Hangburg''), that is built on the side of a hill and thus is dominated by rising ground on one side. * Spur castle (''Spornburg''), that is built on a hill spur surrounded by steep terrain on three sides and thus only needs to be defended on the one remaining side. When in the 10th and 11th centuries castles lost their pure fortress character a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archduke Leopold Wilhelm Of Austria
Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria (5 January 1614 – 20 November 1662), younger brother of Emperor Ferdinand III, was an Austrian soldier, administrator and patron of the arts. He held a number of military commands, with limited success, and served as Governor of the Spanish Netherlands, before returning to Vienna in 1656. Despite being nominated as Holy Roman Emperor after Ferdinand's death in 1657, he stood aside in favour of his nephew Leopold I. His main interest was in art, and he patronised artists including David Teniers the Younger, Frans Snyders, Peter Snayers, Daniel Seghers, Peter Franchoys, Frans Wouters, Jan van den Hoecke and Pieter Thijs. His collection of 17th century Venetian and Dutch paintings are now held by the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Life Born at Wiener Neustadt on 5 January, 1614, he was the sixth of seven children born to Emperor Ferdinand II (1578-1637) and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria (1574–1616). His elder br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stucco
Stucco or render is a construction material made of aggregates, a binder, and water. Stucco is applied wet and hardens to a very dense solid. It is used as a decorative coating for walls and ceilings, exterior walls, and as a sculptural and artistic material in architecture. Stucco can be applied on construction materials such as metal, expanded metal lath, concrete, cinder block, or clay brick and adobe for decorative and structural purposes. In English, "stucco" sometimes refers to a coating for the outside of a building and " plaster" to a coating for interiors. As described below, however, the materials themselves often have little or no difference. Other European languages, notably Italian, do not have the same distinction: ''stucco'' means ''plaster'' in Italian and serves for both. Composition The basic composition of stucco is lime, water, and sand. The difference in nomenclature between stucco, plaster, and mortar is based more on use than composition. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dirnitz
A ''dirnitz'' ( or ''Türnitz'', from the Slavic ''dorniza'' = "heated parlour", Danish: ''Dørns'', North Frisian: ''dörnsch'' or ''dörnsk''Snaak Friisk, Interfrisisk leksikon, Nordfriisk Instituut, Bräist/Bredsted 2010) or Knights' Hall was the heatable area of a medieval castle. It was usually a single large room on the ground floor of the ''palas'' below the great hall. It was often expensively furnished and had a decorative vault. Occasionally it also described the cabinet (''Kemenate'') or an entire hall building. The term is German. From the mid-15th century, the ''dirnitz'', if used as a reception or gathering room or as a courtroom, was sometimes also called a courtroom (''Hofstube''). Typical examples of a ''dirnitz'' may be seen at the Wartburg and Heinfels Castle. The ''dirnitz'' at Burghausen Castle is one of the rare examples where the heatable hall is on an upper storey. Literature * Horst Wolfgang Böhme, Reinhard Friedrich, Barbara Schock-Werner Barbara S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cistern
A cistern (; , ; ) is a waterproof receptacle for holding liquids, usually water. Cisterns are often built to catch and store rainwater. To prevent leakage, the interior of the cistern is often lined with hydraulic plaster. Cisterns are distinguished from wells by their waterproof linings. Modern cisterns range in capacity from a few liters to thousands of cubic meters, effectively forming covered reservoirs. Origins Early domestic and agricultural use Waterproof lime plaster cisterns in the floors of houses are features of Neolithic village sites of the Levant at, for instance, Ramad and Lebwe, and by the late fourth millennium BC, as at Jawa in northeastern Lebanon, cisterns are essential elements of emerging water management techniques in dry-land farming communities. Early examples of ancient cisterns, found in Israel, include a significant discovery at Tel Hazor, where a large cistern was carved into bedrock beneath a palace dating to the Late Bronze Age. Simi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Courtyard
A courtyard or court is a circumscribed area, often surrounded by a building or complex, that is open to the sky. Courtyards are common elements in both Western and Eastern building patterns and have been used by both ancient and contemporary architects as a typical and traditional building feature. Such spaces in inns and public buildings were often the primary meeting places for some purposes, leading to the other meanings of Court (other), court. Both of the words ''court'' and ''yard'' derive from the same root, meaning an enclosed space. See yard (land), yard and garden for the relation of this set of words. In universities courtyards are often known as quadrangle (architecture), quadrangles. Historic use Courtyards—private open spaces surrounded by walls or buildings—have been in use in residential architecture for almost as long as people have lived in constructed dwellings. The courtyard house makes its first appearance –6000 BC (calibrated), in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keep
A keep is a type of fortified tower built within castles during the Middle Ages by European nobility. Scholars have debated the scope of the word ''keep'', but usually consider it to refer to large towers in castles that were fortified residences, used as a refuge of last resort should the rest of the castle fall to an adversary. The first keeps were made of timber and formed a key part of the motte-and-bailey castles that emerged in Normandy and Anjou during the 10th century; the design spread to England, Portugal, south Italy and Sicily. As a result of the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, use spread into Wales during the second half of the 11th century and into Ireland in the 1170s. The Anglo-Normans and French rulers began to build stone keeps during the 10th and 11th centuries, including Norman keeps, with a square or rectangular design, and circular shell keeps. Stone keeps carried considerable political as well as military importance and could take a decade or more t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fortification
A fortification (also called a fort, fortress, fastness, or stronghold) is a military construction designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ("strong") and ("to make"). From very early history to modern times, defensive walls have often been necessary for cities to survive in an ever-changing world of invasion and conquest. Some settlements in the Indus Valley Civilization were the first small cities to be fortified. In ancient Greece, large cyclopean stone walls fitted without mortar had been built in Mycenaean Greece, such as the ancient site of Mycenae. A Greek ''Towns of ancient Greece#Military settlements, phrourion'' was a fortified collection of buildings used as a military garrison, and is the equivalent of the ancient Roman, Roman castellum or fortress. These constructions mainly served the purpose of a watch tower, to guard certain roads, passes, and borders. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loacker
Loacker (, ) is an Italian confectionery company based in South Tyrol, specialized in the production of wafers, chocolate and derivative products. History The company was founded in 1925 in the historic city center of Bolzano by the Austrian confectioner Alfons Loacker. Back then, he opened a small store with two assistants in Piazza Domenicani. In 1974, Loacker moved away from the city, marking the transition from a small regional bakery to an industrial reality. Armin Loacker, Alfons' son, chose the Renon plateau in the heart of the Dolomites to produce his own wafers. Manufacturing Loacker nowadays has two plants, one in Auna di Sotto on the Renon and a second one in Heinfels in East Tyrol (Austria). At both production sites wafers and chocolate specialties are produced at more than 1,000 meters above sea level. Today, the third generation leads the company: Armin's sons Andreas and Martin Loacker together with his nephew Ulrich Zuenelli who works as executive chairman. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Tyrol
South Tyrol ( , ; ; ), officially the Autonomous Province of Bolzano – South Tyrol, is an autonomous administrative division, autonomous provinces of Italy, province in northern Italy. Together with Trentino, South Tyrol forms the autonomous Regions of Italy, region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. The province is Italy's northernmost and the second-largest, with an area of , and has a population of about 534,000 as of 2021. Its capital and largest city is Bolzano. South Tyrol has a considerable level of self-government, consisting of a large range of exclusive legislative and executive powers and a fiscal regime that allows it to retain 90% of revenue, while remaining a net contributor to the national budget. As of 2023, it is Italy's wealthiest province and among the wealthiest in the European Union. In the wider context of the European Union, the province is one of the three members of Tyrol–South Tyrol–Trentino Euroregion, which corresponds almost exactly to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaiserjäger
The ''Kaiserjäger'' (officially designated by the Imperial and Royal (''k.u.k.'') military administration as the ''Tiroler Jäger-Regimenter'' or "Tyrolean Rifle Regiments"), were formed in 1895 as four normal infantry regiments within the Common Army of Austria-Hungary. Despite the name "Tirol" in its title its members were not just recruited from the crown land of Tyrol (including Vorarlberg) but also from other parts of the monarchy. The regiments were disbanded in 1918 with the end of the k.u.k. monarchy. The word '' Jäger'' (meaning "hunter" or "huntsman") is a characteristic term used for light infantry or light infantrymen in a German-speaking context. Background The first standing troops in the Tyrol were the native Tyrolese soldiers of the Tyrolean State Battalion (') formed in 1703. This was superseded in 1745 by the Tyrolean Field and State Regiment (''Tiroler Feld- und Landregiment''), which was given the status and prerogatives of an imperial regiment and wen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
