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Bungsberg (ship)
was a cargo steamship. She was built in 1924 in Germany in 1924 . In 1939 she was renamed twice: firstly as , and then as . A mine sank her off the coast of Estonia in 1943. Her wreck is now a site for wreck diving. Building and registration In 1922 and 1923, Howaldtswerke in Kiel built three sister ships fpr Deutsche Levante-Linie. Yard number 643 was built in 1922 as ; yard number 644 was built in 1923 as ; and yard number 645 was built in 1923 as . Hamburg America Line owned and ; and owned ; but managed all three. Also in 1924, built a fourth ship, to the same design, but for . She was built as yard number 646, and launched as . Her length was ; her beam was ; and her depth was . Her tonnages were and . She had a single screw; driven by a three-cylinder triple-expansion engine that was rated at 143 NHP. She was equipped with submarine signalling. She was registered in Hamburg. Her code letters were RFHP. Career By 1930, Jebsen & Jessen were s managers, but b ...
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Bungsberg
The Bungsberg () is the highest point in the north German state of Schleswig-Holstein (elevation: ). It lies in the region known as Holstein Switzerland in the Municipalities of Germany, municipality of Schönwalde am Bungsberg between Scheelholz and Mönchsneversdorf. The Bungsberg telecommunications tower is located on the Bungsberg. One of the longest rivers in Schleswig-Holstein, the Schwentine, rises on the Bungsberg. Formation The Bungsberg is an ice age terminal moraine. Unusually, though, it was formed in the Saale glaciation period about 150,000 years ago. During the subsequent Weichselian glaciation – only about 10,000 years ago – the ice sheet could not cover the hill due to its height, it could only flow around it, and it therefore formed a nunatak. Leisure and recreation Today the Bungsberg is a very popular viewing point, from which the Baltic Sea may be seen in good weather. An observation tower, the ''Elisabethturm'', was built in 1863 and 1864 on the B ...
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Weimar Germany
The Weimar Republic, officially known as the German Reich, was the German Reich, German state from 1918 to 1933, during which it was a constitutional republic for the first time in history; hence it is also referred to, and unofficially proclaimed itself, as the German Republic. The period's informal name is derived from the city of Weimar, which hosted the constituent assembly that established its government. In English, the republic was usually simply called "Germany", with "Weimar Republic" (a term introduced by Adolf Hitler in 1929) not commonly used until the 1930s. The Weimar Republic had a semi-presidential system. Toward the end of the First World War (1914–1918), Germany was exhausted and suing for peace, sued for peace in desperate circumstances. Awareness of imminent defeat sparked a German Revolution of 1918–1919, revolution, Abdication of Wilhelm II, the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II, the proclamation of the Weimar Republic on 9 November 1918, and formal cessa ...
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Sea Captain
A sea captain, ship's captain, captain, master, or shipmaster, is a high-grade licensed mariner who holds ultimate command and responsibility of a merchant vessel. The captain is responsible for the safe and efficient operation of the ship, including its seaworthiness, safety and security, cargo operations, navigation, crew management, and legal compliance, and for the persons and cargo on board. Duties and functions The captain ensures that the ship complies with local and international laws and complies also with company and flag state policies. The captain is ultimately responsible, under the law, for aspects of operation such as the safe navigation of the ship, its cleanliness and seaworthiness, safe handling of all cargo, management of all personnel, inventory of ship's cash and stores, and maintaining the ship's certificates and documentation. One of a shipmaster's particularly important duties is to ensure compliance with the vessel's security plan, as required by the ...
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Naissaar
Naissaar (; ) is an island in Estonia. It is located in the Gulf of Finland, northwest of the capital city Tallinn, and is administratively part of Viimsi Parish. The island has an area of . It is long and wide, and lies about from the mainland. The highest point on the island is Kunilamägi, which is above sea level. The island consists predominantly of coniferous forest and piles of stones and boulders. In 2020, the island had a population of 17; in 2011 the island had about 35 permanent residents and some summer residents. Until the Second World War, the island's population numbered about 450 people of Estonian-Swedish origin. However, these people fled during the war. Naissaar under Soviet rule was a military area and off-limits to the public. After the Second World War, the settlement on the entire island were combined into a single village called Naissaare. In 2011, this was re-divided into the three historical villages of Lõunaküla (Storbyn), Tagaküla (Bakbyn) ...
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Suurupi
Suurupi is a village in Harku Parish, Harju County in northern Estonia Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Ru .... It has a population of 1,180 (as of 1 December 2019). Suurupi is the birthplace of Estonian artist August Albo (1893–1963). There are two range lights located in Suurupi, Suurupi Rear Lighthouse and Suurupi Front Lighthouse. Gallery File:Suurupi village.JPG, Suurupi village File:Vana-Pääla mõisa peahoone 2020.jpg, Vana-Pääla Manor on the territory of Suurupi village File:Suurupi pankrannik.jpg, Suurupi beach cliffs File:Suurupi. 7.jpg, Coastline References Villages in Harju County Kreis Harrien {{Harju-geo-stub ...
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Holstein
Holstein (; ; ; ; ) is the region between the rivers Elbe and Eider (river), Eider. It is the southern half of Schleswig-Holstein, the northernmost States of Germany, state of Germany. Holstein once existed as the German County of Holstein (; 811–1474), the later Duchy of Holstein (; 1474–1866), and was the northernmost territory of the Holy Roman Empire. The history of Holstein is closely intertwined with the history of the Kingdom of Denmark, Danish Duchy of Schleswig (). The capital of Holstein is Kiel. Holstein's name comes from the Holcetae, a Saxons, Saxon tribe mentioned by Adam of Bremen as living on the north bank of the Elbe, to the west of Hamburg. The name means "dwellers in the wood" or "hill-sitters" (Northern Low Saxon: ; ). History Origins After the Migration Period of the Early Middle Ages, Holstein was adjacent to Obotrites, the Obotrites on the coast of the Baltic Sea and the land of the Danes in Jutland. With the conquest of Old Saxony by Charlemagne ...
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Wireless Telegraphy
Wireless telegraphy or radiotelegraphy is the transmission of text messages by radio waves, analogous to electrical telegraphy using electrical cable, cables. Before about 1910, the term ''wireless telegraphy'' was also used for other experimental technologies for transmitting telegraph signals without wires. In radiotelegraphy, information is transmitted by pulses of radio waves of two different lengths called "dots" and "dashes", which spell out text messages, usually in Morse code. In a manual system, the sending operator taps on a switch called a telegraph key which turns the transmitter on and off, producing the pulses of radio waves. At the radio receiver, receiver the pulses are audible in the receiver's speaker as beeps, which are translated back to text by an operator who knows Morse code. Radiotelegraphy was the first means of radio communication. The first practical radio transmitters and radio receiver, receivers invented in 1894–1895 by Guglielmo Marconi used radi ...
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Ship Registration
Ship registration is the process by which a ship is documented and given the nationality of the country to which the ship has been documented. The nationality allows a ship to travel internationally as it is proof of ownership of the vessel. International law requires that every ship be registered in a country, called its flag state.ICFTU et al., 2002, p. 7. A ship is subject to the law of its flag state. It is usual to say that the ship sails under the flag of the country of registration. A ship's flag state exercises regulatory control over the vessel and is required to inspect it regularly, certify the ship's equipment and crew, and issue safety and pollution prevention documents. The organization which actually registers the ship is known as its registry. Registries may be governmental or private agencies. In some cases, such as the United States' Alternative Compliance Program, the registry can assign a third party to administer inspections. A register that is open only t ...
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Tonnage
Tonnage is a measure of the capacity of a ship, and is commonly used to assess fees on commercial shipping. The term derives from the taxation paid on '' tuns'' or casks of wine. In modern maritime usage, "tonnage" specifically refers to a calculation of the volume or cargo volume of a ship. Although tonnage (volume) should not be confused with displacement (the actual mass of the vessel), the long ton (or imperial ton) of 2,240 lb is derived from the fact that a " tun" of wine typically weighed that much. Current maritime units Tonnage measurements are governed by an IMO Convention (International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969 (London-Rules)), which initially applied to all ships built after July 1982, and to older ships from July 1994.''Inte ...
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Beam (nautical)
The beam of a ship is its width at its widest point. The maximum beam (BMAX) is the distance between planes passing through the outer sides of the ship, beam of the hull (BH) only includes permanently fixed parts of the hull, and beam at waterline (BWL) is the maximum width where the hull intersects the surface of the water. Generally speaking, the wider the beam of a ship (or boat), the more initial stability it has, at the expense of secondary stability in the event of a capsize, where more energy is required to right the vessel from its inverted position. A ship that heels on her ''beam ends'' has her deck beams nearly vertical. Typical values Typical length-to-beam ratios ( aspect ratios) for small sailboats are from 2:1 (dinghies to trailerable sailboats around ) to 5:1 (racing sailboats over ). Large ships have widely varying beam ratios, some as large as 20:1. Rowing shells designed for flatwater racing may have length to beam ratios as high as 30:1, while a cora ...
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Ship Management
Ship management is the activity of managing marine vessels. The vessels under management could be owned by a sister concern of the ship management company or by independent vessel owners. A vessel owning company that generally has several vessels in its fleet, entrusts the fleet management to a single or multiple ship management companies. Ship management is often entrusted to third parties due to the various hassles that are involved in managing a ship. For instance, ships could be considered as large factories that travel across seas under various weather conditions for several days at a stretch. These vessels are equipped with several types of machinery that require appropriate maintenance and the associated spares on board. In the scenario of a vessel lacking adequate maintenance, this could lead to the breakdown of the equipment in the middle of a voyage at sea. A breakdown could be an expensive affair. A second scenario would be – a vessel is continuously on the move or un ...
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Hamburg America Line
The Hamburg-Amerikanische Packetfahrt-Actien-Gesellschaft (HAPAG), known in English as the Hamburg America Line, was a transatlantic shipping enterprise established in Hamburg, in 1847. Among those involved in its development were prominent German citizens such as Albert Ballin (director general), Adolph Godeffroy, Ferdinand Laeisz, Carl Woermann, August Bolten, and others, and its main financial backers were Berenberg Bank and H. J. Merck & Co. It soon developed into the largest German, and at times the world's largest, shipping company, serving the market created by German American#19th century, German immigration to the United States and later, immigration from Eastern Europe. On 1 September 1970, after 123 years of independent existence, HAPAG merged with the Bremen-based Norddeutscher Lloyd, North German Lloyd to form Hapag-Lloyd, Hapag-Lloyd AG, the international shipping and container transportation company. History Ports served In the early years, the Hamburg America ...
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