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Bulaq Press
The Amiri Press or Amiriya Press () (''Al-Matba'a al-Amiriya'') (also known as the Bulaq Press () due to its original location in Bulaq) is a printing press, and one of the main agencies with which Muhammad Ali Pasha modernized Egypt. The Amiri Press had a profound effect on Egyptian literature and intellectual life in the country and in the greater region, as scientific works in European languages were translated into Arabic. History The process began in 1815 when Muhammad Ali Pasha, four years into his reign over Egypt, sent a mission to Milan to learn the craft of printing and type-founding, as well as purchase printing presses. The Amiri Press was established in 1820 and opened officially in the Bulaq neighborhood of Cairo in 1821. It published its first book in 1822: an Arabic–Italian dictionary prepared by the Syrian priest Anton Zakhūr Rafa'il. In the beginning, the press published military books for the Egyptian army, but it soon developed and started to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Waqa'i' Al-Masriyya
''Al-Waqa'i' al-Misriyya'' ( / ALA-LC: ; meaning "the Egyptian affairs") was an Egyptian newspaper (now a government information bulletin) established in 1828 on the order of Muhammad Ali, originally titled ''Vekâyi-i Mısriyye'' () and written in Ottoman Turkish in the right column with an Arabic translation in the left one, and later in Arabic only under the Arabic title. It was printed at the Amiri Press. ''Al-Waqai'' was the official gazette of Egypt, and is now published as an appendix of the Official Journal. Precedents The newspaper's earliest precedent was Napoleon's , published every five days (according to another source, every ten days) in four pages in French starting on August 29, 1798, for French propaganda during the French campaign in Egypt and Syria. It included current events, courts-martial, and French Army festivities. Inspired by this, the government of Ali Pasha decided to establish the Amiri Press. Although there was no official press policy on what to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reynolds, GS
Gabriel Said Reynolds is an American academic and historian of religion, who serves as Jerome J. Crowley and Rosaleen G. Crowley Professor of Theology and assistant professor of Islamic Studies at the University of Notre Dame. His scholarship focuses on Qur'anic Studies, Origins of Islam, and Muslim-Christian relations, and to a more limited extent, also covers World Religions, World Church, and History of Christianity. Biography Gabriel Said Reynolds obtained his Ph.D. in Islamic Studies at Yale University. From 2012 to 2013, he directed "The Qurʾān Seminar" alongside Mehdi Azaiez, a year-long collaborative project dedicated to encouraging dialogue among scholars of the Quran, the acts of which appeared as ''The Qurʾān Seminar Commentary''. In 2016–2017 he directed the research project at the Fondation Institut d'Études Avancées de Nantes in France. Reynolds currently serves as CEO of the International Qur’anic Studies Association (IQSA), and is also a regula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nile
The Nile (also known as the Nile River or River Nile) is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa. It flows into the Mediterranean Sea. The Nile is the longest river in Africa. It has historically been considered the List of river systems by length, longest river in the world, though this has been contested by research suggesting that the Amazon River is slightly longer.Amazon Longer Than Nile River, Scientists Say Of the world's major rivers, the Nile has one of the lowest average annual flow rates. About long, its drainage basin covers eleven countries: the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Sudan, and Egypt. In pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Azhar Mosque
Al-Azhar Mosque (), known in Egypt simply as al-Azhar, is a mosque in Cairo, Egypt in the historic Islamic core of the city. Commissioned as the new capital of the Fatimid Caliphate in 970, it was the first mosque established in a city that eventually earned the nickname "the City of a Thousand Minarets". Its name is usually thought to derive from ''az-Zahrāʾ'' (), a title given to Fatimah, the daughter of Muhammad. After its dedication in 972, and with the hiring by mosque authorities of 35 scholars in 989, the mosque slowly developed into what it is today. The affiliated Al-Azhar University is the second oldest continuously run one in the world after Al-Qarawiyyin in Idrisid Fes. It has long been regarded as the foremost institution in the Islamic world for the study of Sunni theology and ''sharia'', or Islamic law. In 1961, the university, integrated within the mosque as part of a mosque school since its inception, was nationalized and officially designated an in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Fu'ad Quran
The Cairo edition (, "the Amiri Mus'haf"), or the King Fu'ād Quran () or the Azhar Quran, is an edition of the Quran printed by the Amiri Press in the Bulaq district of Cairo on July 10, 1924. It is the first printed Quran to be accepted by a Muslim authority, this authority being Al-Azhar. The process of creating the Fu'ad Quran lasted 17 years, from 1907 to 1924, achieved with the support by Fuad I of Egypt and the supervision of Azhari scholars. It was regarded as an "official" Quran and was replicated by a number of following editions. History A committee of leading professors from Al-Azhar UniversityStefan Wild, "basmallah" ''The Quran: an Encyclopedia'', Routledge had started work on the project in 1907 but it was not until 10 July 1924 that the "Cairo Qur’an" was first published by Amiri Press under the patronage of Fuad I of Egypt,Brockett, Adrian Alan, Studies in two transmissions of the Qur'an'Peter G. RiddellEarly Malay Qur'anic exegical activity p. 164. Taken fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Body Text
__NOTOC__ Body text or body copy, or running text, is the text forming the main content of a book, magazine, web page, or any other printed or digital work. This is as a contrast to both additional components such as headings, images, charts, footnotes etc. on each page, and also the pages of front matter that form the introduction to a book. Body text has two slightly different meanings, depending on context. A book designer, concerned with the overall sequence of a book, regards it as those pages that form the majority of a book, containing the ''body of text'' or '' body matter''. A typesetter concerned instead with the layout of text on a page sees 'body text' as being those sections of the main text that are flowed into columns or justified as paragraphs, as distinct from the headings and any pictures that are floated out of the main body. Book design The 'body matter' is the group of pages that contain the body of the text of the book. The front matter comes before it, co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amiri (typeface)
Amiri () is a Naskh typeface for Arabic script designed by Khaled Hosny. The beta was released in December 2011. As of October 22, 2019, it is hosted on 67,000 websites, and is served by the Google Fonts API approximately 74.8 million times per week. Inspiration Amiri is a revival of a Naskh typeface pioneered by the Bulaq Press (), also called ''al-Mataabi' al-Amiriya'' (), in 1905. It was famously used to print the Cairo edition, one of the first typeset-printed editions of the Quran to be certified by an Islamic authority—Al-Azhar—in 1924. On the 1905 typeface and the challenges of digitizing Arabic script, Hosny wrote: "One of the most novel features of the Bulaq typeface is maintaining the aesthetics of Naskh calligraphy while meeting the requirements (and limitations) of typesetting, a balance that is not easily achieved." The Amiri project was supported by Google Web Fonts, TeX Users Group, and donations from users. Features Amiri was released under the SIL ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naskh (script)
Naskh is a small, round script of Islamic calligraphy. Naskh is one of the first scripts of Islamic calligraphy to develop, commonly used in writing administrative documents and for transcribing books, including the Qur’an, because of its easy legibility. Origin The Naskh style of writing can be found as early as within the first century of the Islamic calendar. The Naskh script was established in the first century of the Hijri calendar by order of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan due to the presence of defects in the Kufic script. Two centuries before it was recorded by Ibn Muqla Like Al-Muwatta written by Malik ibn Anas in a soft, rounded script Ibn Muqla is credited with standardizing the "Six Pens" of Islamic calligraphy, also including , , , , and . These are known as "the proportioned scripts" () or "the six scripts" (). Kufic is commonly believed to predate naskh, but historians have traced the two scripts as coexisting long before their codification by Ibn Muqla, as the tw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tewfik Pasha
Mohamed Tewfik Pasha ( ''Muḥammad Tawfīq Bāshā''; April 30 or 15 November 1852 – 7 January 1892), also known as Tawfiq of Egypt, was khedive of Khedivate of Egypt, Egypt and the Turco-Egyptian Sudan, Sudan between 1879 and 1892 and the sixth ruler from the Muhammad Ali Dynasty. He inherited a state suffering under the financial and political mismanagement of his predecessor Isma'il Pasha of Egypt, Isma'il. Disaffection in the Egyptian army as well as Anglo-French control of the state in the 1880s culminated in the anti-foreign Urabi revolt. Tewfik also took interest in matters concerning irrigation, education and justice; as well as selling his father's female slaves and closing the court's harem quarters. Early life He was the oldest son of Khedive Isma'il Pasha, Isma'il, and was born on April 30 or November 15, 1852. His mother was Princess Shafaq Nur Hanim. He was not sent to Europe to be educated like his younger brothers, but grew up in Egypt. He spoke French and En ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Zamakhshari
Abu al-Qasim Mahmud ibn Umar al-Zamakhshari (; 1074 –1143) was a medieval Muslim scholar of Iranian descent. He travelled to Mecca and settled there for five years and has been known since then as 'Jar Allah' (God's Neighbor). He was a Mu'tazilite theologian, linguist, poet and interpreter of the Quran. He is best known for his book Al-Kashshaf, which interprets and linguistically analyzes Quranic expressions and the use of figurative speech for conveying meaning. This work is a primary source for all major linguists. Biography His full name was Abu Al-Qasim Mahmoud ibn Omar ibn Mohammed ibn Omar Al-Khawarizmi Al-Zamakhshari. He was also referred to as "Fakhr Khawarizm" ("The Pride of Khwarazm") because people travelled to Khwarazm, a large oasis, to learn from him about the Quran and Arabic language. He was born on 18 March 1074 in Zamakhshar, which was a large city of Khwarazm at the time. Life Al-Zamakhshari grew up in Zamakhshar and studied there for a while, then he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quran
The Quran, also Romanization, romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a Waḥy, revelation directly from God in Islam, God (''Allah, Allāh''). It is organized in 114 chapters (, ) which consist of individual verses ('). Besides its religious significance, it is widely regarded as the finest work in Arabic literature, and has significantly influenced the Arabic, Arabic language. It is the object of a modern field of academic research known as Quranic studies. Muslims believe the Quran was orally revealed by God to the final Islamic Prophets and messengers in Islam, prophet Muhammad in Islam, Muhammad through the Angel#Islam, angel Gabriel#Islam, Gabriel incrementally over a period of some 23 years, beginning on the Night of Power, Laylat al-Qadr, when Muhammad was 40, and concluding in 632, the year of his death. Muslims regard the Quran as Muhammad's most important Islamic view of miracles, miracle, a proof of his prophet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
