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Bu Jiang
Bu Jiang (不降) was the eleventh king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty The Xia dynasty (; ) is the first dynasty in traditional Chinese historiography. According to tradition, it was established by the legendary figure Yu the Great, after Emperor Shun, Shun, the last of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors, Fiv .... He ruled for 59 years. Family Bu Jiang was a son of Xie of Xia and his consort and thus a grandson of Mang of Xia and brother of Jiong of Xia. His consort is unknown, and it is possible that he had concubines. His son was Kong Jia and his nephew was Jin of Xia. Biography According to '' Bamboo Annals'', on the 6th year of his regime, he fought with Jiuyuan(九苑) . In the 35th year of his reign, his vassal state of Shang defeated Pi (皮氏). In the 59th year of his regime he passed his throne to his younger brother Jiong. 10 years later, Bu Jiang died. Sources {{DEFAULTSORT:Xia, Bu Jiang Of Kings of the Xia dynasty ...
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Erlitou Culture
The Erlitou culture () was an early Bronze Age society and archaeological culture. It existed in the Yellow River valley from approximately 1900 to 1500 BC. A 2007 study using radiocarbon dating proposed a narrower date range of 1750–1530 BC. The culture is named after Erlitou, an archaeological site in Yanshi, Luoyang, Yanshi, Henan. It was widely spread throughout Henan and Shanxi and later appeared in Shaanxi and Hubei. Most archaeologists consider Erlitou the first state (polity), state-level society in China. Chinese archaeologists generally identify the Erlitou culture as the site of the Xia dynasty, but there is no firm evidence, such as surviving written records, to substantiate such a linkage, as the earliest evidence of Chinese writing dates to the Late Shang period. Erlitou site The Erlitou culture may have evolved from the matrix of Longshan culture. Originally centered around Henan and Shanxi province, the culture spread to Shaanxi and Hubei provi ...
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Xia Dynasty
The Xia dynasty (; ) is the first dynasty in traditional Chinese historiography. According to tradition, it was established by the legendary figure Yu the Great, after Emperor Shun, Shun, the last of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors, Five Emperors, gave the throne to him. In traditional historiography, the Xia was succeeded by the Shang dynasty. There are no contemporaneous records of the Xia, and they are not mentioned in the oldest Chinese texts, the earliest oracle bone inscriptions dating from the Late Shang period (13th century BC). The earliest mentions occur in the oldest chapters of the ''Book of Documents'', which report speeches from the early Western Zhou period and are accepted by most scholars as dating from that time. The speeches justify the Zhou conquest of the Shang as the passing of the Mandate of Heaven and liken it to the succession of the Xia by the Shang. That political philosophy was promoted by the Confucian school in the Eastern Zhou period. ...
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Xie Of Xia
Xie (Chinese language, Chinese: , ''Xiè'') was the tenth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty. The son of Mang of Xia, Mang, Xie ascended the throne in the "Chinese calendar, Xinwei" () year. He possibly ruled 25 years.Bamboo Annals. According to the Bamboo Annals, in the 12th year of Xie's reign, the prince of Yin (殷), Zihai (子亥), while a guest in Youyi (有易), was "guilty of licentious conduct" and killed by the leader of the place, Mianchen (綿臣), who also sent away his retinue. Four years later, Zihai’s successor, Wei (微), allied with the forces of the baron of Ho (河伯), and invaded Youyi, killing Mianchen. In the 21st year of his reign, Xie "conferred regular dignities" on the chiefs of the surrounding barbarians. He was succeeded by his sons Bu Jiang and Jiong of Xia, Jiong.Sima Qian. ''Records of the Grand Historian'', Vol. Han Dynasty I. Trans. Watson, Burton. Columbia Univ. Press (New York), 1993. See also * Family tree of ancient Chinese emp ...
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Jiong Of Xia
Jiong () was the twelfth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty. Family Jiōng was a son of Xie of Xia and his spouse and thus a grandson of Máng and brother of Bu Jiang. His own consort is unknown. His son was Jǐn and his nephew was Kong Jia. Biography According to the ''Bamboo Annals'',James Legge (1865)''The Chinese Classics, Volume 3, part 1''./ref> Jiōng ruled about 18 years, while according to the ''Records of the Grand Historian'', he ruled about 21 years. He acceded to the throne A throne is the seat of state of a potentate or dignitary, especially the seat occupied by a sovereign (or viceroy A viceroy () is an official who reigns over a polity in the name of and as the representative of the monarch of the territory ... in the Wuxu (戊戌) year. In the 10th year of Jiōng's reign, Bu Jiang died. Sources {{DEFAULTSORT:Xia, Jiong Of Kings of the Xia dynasty ...
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Kong Jia
Kǒng Jiǎ (孔甲) was a king of ancient China, family name Sì (姒), the 14th ruler of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty. He possibly ruled for 31 years. Family Kong Jia was a son of King Bù Jiàng and an unknown woman and grandson of King Xie of Xia. His uncle was King Jiong of Xia and his cousin was King Jǐn. He had many beautiful concubines. He fathered Gāo and was a grandfather of King Houjin. Biography In the Grand Historian, King Kong Jia didn't get the throne from his father, the 11th king of the Xia dynasty, because of him being superstitious and absurd. After his father died, his uncle and cousin became the 12th and 13th king of Xia kingdom. When they all died, Kong Jia finally ascended to the throne and became the 14th king of his country. He loved the supernatural, and, following his example, there were soon many so-called witches. The entire population turned to prayers and oracles instead of working. Some years later, a celestial gave King Kong Jia tw ...
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Mang Of Xia
Máng (芒, read Wáng according to Sima Zhen) was the ninth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty. He possibly ruled 18 years. He was also known as Huang (荒). Emperor Si Mang established a Sinking Sacrifice Ceremony (沉祭 Chen Ji) in which three common livestock animals (a cow, a pig & a sheep) & a memorial jade were sunk into the Yellow River as offerings to water spirits for peace & safety. Sinking sacrifices have since found widespread importance throughout Chinese history. Family Máng's father was king Huai of Xia, son of the king Zhu of Xia. Mother of Máng was an unknown lady, consort of Huai. He had a consort who bore him a son Xie. Máng's grandsons were Jiong of Xia and wise Bu Jiang. Biography Máng took the throne after his father's death, in the year of '' Renshen'' (壬申). He celebrated his inauguration by giving precious jades to all his vassals. In the 33rd year of his regime, the Shang vassal Zihai (''子亥'') moved his capital from Shangqiu ...
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Jin Of Xia
Jǐn (廑) was the 13th king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty of China. His other name is Yinjia (胤甲). Reign Jin probably ruled for about 21 years. His father was King Jiong of Xia and his name means "shack". According to the ''Bamboo Annals'', Jin moved the capital to 'Western He' (西河). In the fourth year of Jin's reign, he missed his former hometown and made the music of West Sound.James Legge (1865)''The Chinese Classics, Volume 3, part 1''./ref> In the eighth year of his reign, it is recorded in the Bamboo Annals that ten suns rose in the sky causing a very serious drought.古本竹書紀年,夏記,"天有祅孽,十日並出" One of his vassal A vassal or liege subject is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe. While the subordinate party is called a vassal, the dominant party is called a suzerain ...s, Ji Fan (己樊), was the leader of Kunwu (昆吾) clan. Originally ...
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Bamboo Annals
The ''Bamboo Annals'' ( zh, t=竹書紀年, p=Zhúshū Jìnián), also known as the ''Ji Tomb Annals'' ( zh, t=汲冢紀年, p=Jí Zhǒng Jìnián), is a chronicle of ancient China. It begins in the earliest legendary time (the age of the Yellow Emperor) and extends to 299 BC, with the later centuries focusing on the history of the State of Wei in the Warring States period. It thus covers a similar period to Sima Qian's '' Records of the Grand Historian'' (91 BC). The original may have been lost during the Song dynasty, and the text is known today in two versions, a "current text" (or "modern text") of disputed authenticity and an incomplete "ancient text". Textual history The original text was buried with King Xiang of Wei (died 296 BC) and re-discovered nearly six centuries later in 281 AD ( Western Jin dynasty) in the Jizhong discovery. For this reason, the chronicle survived the burning of the books by Emperor Qin Shi Huang. Other texts recovered from the same tomb in ...
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David S
David (; , "beloved one") was a king of ancient Israel and Judah and the Kings of Israel and Judah, third king of the Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy), United Monarchy, according to the Hebrew Bible and Old Testament. The Tel Dan stele, an Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions, Aramaic-inscribed stone erected by a king of Aram-Damascus in the late 9th/early 8th centuries BCE to commemorate a victory over two enemy kings, contains the phrase (), which is translated as "Davidic line, House of David" by most scholars. The Mesha Stele, erected by King Mesha of Moab in the 9th century BCE, may also refer to the "House of David", although this is disputed. According to Jewish works such as the ''Seder Olam Rabbah'', ''Seder Olam Zutta'', and ''Sefer ha-Qabbalah'' (all written over a thousand years later), David ascended the throne as the king of Judah in 885 BCE. Apart from this, all that is known of David comes from biblical literature, Historicity of the Bible, the historicit ...
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Shang Dynasty
The Shang dynasty (), also known as the Yin dynasty (), was a Chinese royal dynasty that ruled in the Yellow River valley during the second millennium BC, traditionally succeeding the Xia dynasty and followed by the Western Zhou dynasty. The classic account of the Shang comes from texts such as the '' Book of Documents'', '' Bamboo Annals'' and '' Shiji''. Modern scholarship dates the dynasty between the 16th and 11th centuries BC, with more agreement surrounding the end date than beginning date. The Shang dynasty is the earliest dynasty within traditional Chinese history that is firmly supported by archaeological evidence. The archaeological site of Yinxu, near modern-day Anyang, corresponds to the final Shang capital of Yin. Excavations at Yinxu have revealed eleven major royal tombs, the foundations of former palace buildings, and the remains of both animals and humans that were sacrificed in official state rituals. Tens of thousands of bronze, jade, ...
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List Of Chinese Monarchs
The Chinese sovereign, Chinese monarchs were the rulers of History of China, China during History of China#Ancient China, Ancient and History of China#Imperial China, Imperial periods. The earliest rulers in traditional Chinese historiography are of Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors, mythological origin, and followed by the Xia dynasty of highly uncertain and contested historicity. During the subsequent Shang dynasty, Shang () and Zhou dynasty, Zhou (1046–256 BCE) dynasties, rulers were referred to as ''Wang'' , meaning king. China was Qin's wars of unification, fully united for the first time by Qin Shi Huang (259–210 BCE), who established the Qin dynasty, first Imperial dynasty, adopting the title ''Emperor of China, Huangdi'' (), meaning Emperor, which remained in use until the Imperial system's 1911 Revolution, fall in 1912. At no point during Ancient or Imperial China was there a formalized means to confer legitimate succession between rulers. From the Zhou dynasty onw ...
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