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The German Marshall Fund of the United States (GMF) is a non-partisan American public policy think tank that seeks to promote cooperation and understanding between North America and the European Union. Founded in 1972, through a gift from the West German government on the 25th anniversary of the Marshall Plan, GMF contributes research and analysis on transatlantic and global issues; convenes policy and business leaders at international conferences; provides exchange opportunities for emerging American and European leaders; and supports initiatives that can strengthen democracies. GMF focuses on policy, leadership, and civil society. GMF is headquartered in Washington, D.C., and has offices in Berlin, Brussels, Ankara, Belgrade, Bucharest, Paris, and Warsaw. History Foundation GMF was founded as a permanent memorial to Marshall Plan assistance through a grant from the West German government. It was founded by Guido Goldman, who was the director of Harvard's West European Studie ...
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501(c)3 Organization
__NOTOC__ Year 501 (Roman numerals, DI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Avienus (consul 501), Avienus and Pompeius (consul 501), Pompeius (or, less frequently, year 1254 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 501 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Britannia * Domangart Réti succeeds his father Fergus Mór, after he dies during a campaign against the Picts. He becomes the new king of Dál Riata (modern Scotland) (according to the ''Annals of Tigernach''). Europe * Burgundian Civil War: King Gundobad breaks his promise of tribute and regains his military power. He besieges his brother Godegisel at the city of Vienne, Isère, Vienne (Kingdom of Burgundy, Burgundy), and murders him in an Arianism, Arian church along with the bishop.Gregory of Tours, ''H ...
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Arlin Adams
Arlin Marvin Adams (April 16, 1921 – December 22, 2015) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. As late as 2013 he served as counsel to Schnader Harrison Segal & Lewis LLP, and as a NAFTA adjudicator. Early life and education Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Adams was Jewish. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in 1941 from Temple University, a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Pennsylvania Law School in 1947, and a Master of Arts degree from Temple in 1950. While at Penn, he served as editor-in-chief of the law review. Early career Adams worked in private legal practice in Philadelphia from 1947 until 1969. He also was a member of the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania from 1952 until 1956. He was a secretary of public welfare for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania from 1963 to 1966. Federal judicial service On September 22, 1969, President Richard Nixon nominated Adams to a seat on the United States ...
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Atlantic Basin
The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, with an area of about . It covers approximately 17% of Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. During the Age of Discovery, it was known for separating the New World of the Americas (North America and South America) from the Old World of Afro-Eurasia (Africa, Asia, and Europe). Through its separation of Afro-Eurasia from the Americas, the Atlantic Ocean has played a central role in the development of human society, globalization, and the histories of many nations. While the Norse were the first known humans to cross the Atlantic, it was the expedition of Christopher Columbus in 1492 that proved to be the most consequential. Columbus's expedition ushered in an age of exploration and colonization of the Americas by European powers, most notably Portugal, Spain, France, and the United Kingdom. From the 16th to 19th centuries, the Atlantic Ocean was the center of both an eponymous ...
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Alliance For Securing Democracy
The Alliance for Securing Democracy (ASD) is a political advocacy group formed in July 2017. The organization is chaired and run primarily by former senior United States intelligence and State Department officials. Laura Thornton, formerly of International IDEA, joined ASD as its new director in May 2021. Laura Rosenberger, chair of the American Institute in Taiwan and former senior director for China on the Biden administration's National Security Council, previously served as a director of ASD. ASD is housed at the German Marshall Fund of the United States and its work spans across both the United States and Europe. History In 2016, the CIA, FBI, NSA, and the Director of National Intelligence concluded that Russia had interfered in US elections of that year. Former acting CIA Director Michael Morell, who serves on ASD's advisory council, stated that the group will fulfill some of the role that ideally would have been handled by a national investigative commission. Ha ...
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Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is a media organization broadcasting news and analyses in 27 languages to 23 countries across Eastern Europe, Central Asia, the Caucasus, and the Middle East. Headquartered in Prague since 1995, RFE/RL operates 21 local bureaus with over 500 core staff, 1,300 freelancers, and 680 employees. Nicola Careem serves as the editor-in-chief. Founded during the Cold War, RFE began in 1949 targeting Soviet empire, Soviet satellite states, while RL, established in 1951, focused on the Soviet Union. Initially funded covertly by the Central Intelligence Agency, CIA until 1972, the two merged in 1976. RFE/RL was headquartered in Munich from 1949 to 1995, with additional broadcasts from Portugal's Glória do Ribatejo until 1996. Soviet authorities jammed their signals, and Second World, communist regimes often infiltrated their operations. Today, RFE/RL is a private 501(c)(3) corporation supervised by the United States Agency for Global Media, which ...
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Chicago Council On Global Affairs
The Chicago Council on Global Affairs is an American international affairs think tank located in Chicago, Illinois, with a stated mission of "increasing knowledge and engagement in global affairs and empowering more people to help shape our global future." History The Council was formed on February 20, 1922. Originally named The Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, the organization was established as a neutral forum for discussing foreign affairs during a period of isolationism in the United States after World War I. Adlai Stevenson served as the Council's president from 1935 to 1937. The Council launched ''World Spotlight'' in 1955, a weekly television series airing on WTTW. The series aired for about 5 years and featured Council Director Carter Davidson and guests, who discussed world events. In 1971, John E. Rielly became the Council's executive director, and in 1974, became president, serving in the leadership position until 2001. Under Rielly, the Council began relea ...
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National Governors Association
The National Governors Association (NGA) is an American Politics of the United States, political organization founded in 1908. The association's members are the governors of the 55 U.S. state, states, Territories of the United States, territories and Commonwealth (U.S. insular area), commonwealths. Members come from across the political spectrum. The NGA serves as a public policy liaison between State governments of the United States, state governments and the Federal government of the United States, federal government. NGA provides governors and their senior staff members with services that range from representing states on Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C., Capitol Hill and at the White House when discussing federal issues to developing policy reports on state programs and hosting social network, networking seminars for state executive (government), executive branch officials. The NGA Center for Best Practices focuses on state innovations and best practices on issues that range fro ...
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George F
George may refer to: Names * George (given name) * George (surname) People * George (singer), American-Canadian singer George Nozuka, known by the mononym George * George Papagheorghe, also known as Jorge / GEØRGE * George, stage name of Giorgio Moroder * George, son of Andrew I of Hungary Places South Africa * George, South Africa, a city ** George Airport United States * George, Iowa, a city * George, Missouri, a ghost town * George, Washington, a city * George County, Mississippi * George Air Force Base, a former U.S. Air Force base located in California Computing * George (algebraic compiler) also known as 'Laning and Zierler system', an algebraic compiler by Laning and Zierler in 1952 * GEORGE (computer), early computer built by Argonne National Laboratory in 1957 * GEORGE (operating system), a range of operating systems (George 1–4) for the ICT 1900 range of computers in the 1960s * GEORGE (programming language), an autocode system invented by Charles Leo ...
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Peterson Institute For International Economics
The Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE), known until 2006 as the Institute for International Economics (IIE), is an American think tank based in Washington, D.C. It was founded by C. Fred Bergsten in 1981 and has been led by Adam S. Posen since 2013. PIIE conducts research, provides policy recommendations, and publishes books and articles on a wide range of topics related to the US economy and international economics. According to the ''2015 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report'' ( Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program, University of Pennsylvania), PIIE ranked number 20 (of 150) in the "Top Think Tanks Worldwide" and number 13 (of 60) in the "Top Think Tanks in the United States". Other "Top Think Tank" rankings include #4 (of 80) in Domestic Economic Policy, #20 (of 30) in Domestic Health Policy, #14 (of 25) in Global Health Policy, #32 (of 80) in International Development, #1 (of 50) in International Economic Policy, #38 (of 45) in Science and Technology ...
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Institute For International Economics
The Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE), known until 2006 as the Institute for International Economics (IIE), is an American think tank based in Washington, D.C. It was founded by C. Fred Bergsten in 1981 and has been led by Adam S. Posen since 2013. PIIE conducts research, provides policy recommendations, and publishes books and articles on a wide range of topics related to the US economy and international economics. According to the ''2015 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report'' (Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program, University of Pennsylvania), PIIE ranked number 20 (of 150) in the "Top Think Tanks Worldwide" and number 13 (of 60) in the "Top Think Tanks in the United States". Other "Top Think Tank" rankings include #4 (of 80) in Domestic Economic Policy, #20 (of 30) in Domestic Health Policy, #14 (of 25) in Global Health Policy, #32 (of 80) in International Development, #1 (of 50) in International Economic Policy, #38 (of 45) in Science and Technology, ...
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National Public Radio
National Public Radio (NPR) is an American public broadcasting organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., with its NPR West headquarters in Culver City, California. It serves as a national Radio syndication, syndicator to a network of more than List of NPR stations, 1,000 public radio stations in the United States. Funding for NPR comes from dues and fees paid by member stations, Underwriting spot, underwriting from corporate sponsors, and annual grants from the publicly funded Corporation for Public Broadcasting. Most of its member stations are owned by non-profit organizations, including public school districts, colleges, and universities. NPR operates independently of any government or corporation, and has full control of its content. NPR produces and distributes both news and cultural programming. The organization's flagship shows are two drive time, drive-time news broadcasts: ''Morning Edition'' and the afternoon ''All Things Considered'', both carried by most NPR me ...
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Public Broadcasting Service
The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and non-commercial, free-to-air television network based in Arlington, Virginia Arlington County, or simply Arlington, is a County (United States), county in the U.S. state of Virginia. The county is located in Northern Virginia on the southwestern bank of the Potomac River directly across from Washington, D.C., the nati .... PBS is a publicly funded nonprofit organization and the most prominent provider of educational television, educational programs to public television stations in the United States, distributing shows such as ''Nature (TV program), Nature'', ''Nova (American TV program), Nova'', ''Frontline (American TV program), Frontline'', ''PBS News Hour'', ''Masterpiece (TV series), Masterpiece'', ''Mister Rogers' Neighborhood'', ''Sesame Street'', ''Barney & Friends'', ''Arthur (TV series), ''Arthur'''' and ''American Experience''. Certain stations also provide spillover service to Canada. ...
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