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Brown Morning
''Brown Morning'' is a French fable, written by Franck Pavloff in 1998, published by editions Cheyne, a publishing house usually specialized in poetry. The title of the fable refers to the "Brown Shirts" nickname given to Nazi SA militia. The author wrote this short story in a "fit of anger" after the revelation of candidates alliances with the National Front in the second round of a set of local elections. ''Brown Morning'' is a universal story that takes a stand against the pensée unique and what Pavloff called "small compromissions". This book aims for a universal appeal by leaving out any details on when or where it takes place. The book became an overnight success in 2002 (more than a million copies sold) after the surprise result of the first round of that year's presidential election in which the far-right candidate Jean-Marie Le Pen qualified unexpectedly for the second round. Since then, this short story is regularly studied and discussed in French schools. Summar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franck Pavloff
Franck Pavloff (born 24 April 1940) is a French psychologist, novelist, and poet. Franck Pavloff currently lives in Isère, in eastern France, between trips. His Bulgarian father raised him in a way to develop a critical mind and a need for freedom, bequeathing him "the imperious taste of barbed wire and shoving confiscated thoughts" (blurb for the short story ''Brown'' ''Morning''). Life experience He spent over twenty years between Africa, Asia, Latin America, and France working in the fields of social communities development and the defence of children's rights. He is an expert psychologist for the Courts of Appeals. His first novel was published in 1993 by Editions Gallimard in the Série Noire collection. Up until now, he has written 25 other books in the themes of romantic fiction, young adult fiction, travel diary and poetry. His short story '' Brown Morning'' published by Cheyne editions in 1998 has achieved international success. With about two million copies sold in F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Language
French ( or ) is a Romance languages, Romance language of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European family. Like all other Romance languages, it descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire. French evolved from Northern Old Gallo-Romance, a descendant of the Latin spoken in Northern Gaul. Its closest relatives are the other langues d'oïl—languages historically spoken in northern France and in southern Belgium, which French (Francien language, Francien) largely supplanted. It was also substratum (linguistics), influenced by native Celtic languages of Northern Roman Gaul and by the Germanic languages, Germanic Frankish language of the post-Roman Franks, Frankish invaders. As a result of French and Belgian colonialism from the 16th century onward, it was introduced to new territories in the Americas, Africa, and Asia, and numerous French-based creole languages, most notably Haitian Creole, were established. A French-speaking person or nation may be referred to as Fra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fable
Fable is a literary genre defined as a succinct fictional story, in prose or verse, that features animals, legendary creatures, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature that are anthropomorphized, and that illustrates or leads to a particular moral lesson (a "moral"), which may at the end be added explicitly as a concise maxim or saying. A fable differs from a parable in that the latter ''excludes'' animals, plants, inanimate objects, and forces of nature as actors that assume speech or other powers of humankind. Conversely, an animal tale specifically includes talking animals as characters. Usage has not always been so clearly distinguished. In the King James Version of the New Testament, "" ("'' mythos''") was rendered by the translators as "fable" in the First Epistle to Timothy, the Second Epistle to Timothy, the Epistle to Titus and the First Epistle of Peter. A person who writes fables is referred to as a fabulist. Global history The fable is one of the m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sturmabteilung
The (; SA; or 'Storm Troopers') was the original paramilitary organisation under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party of Germany. It played a significant role in Adolf Hitler's rise to power, Hitler's rise to power in the 1920s and early 1930s. Its primary purposes were providing protection for Nazi rallies and assemblies, disrupting the meetings of opposing parties, fighting against the paramilitary units of the opposing parties, especially the ''Roter Frontkämpferbund'' of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and the ''Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold'' of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), and intimidating Romani people, Romani, trade unionists, and especially Jews. The SA were colloquially called Brownshirts () because of the colour of their Uniforms and insignia of the Sturmabteilung, uniform's shirts, similar to Benito Mussolini's Blackshirts. The official uniform of the SA was a brown shirt with a brown tie. The color came about because a large shipment of Paul von ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Front National
The National Rally (, , RN), known as the National Front from 1972 to 2018 (, , FN), is a French far-right politics, far-right political party, described as right-wing populist and French nationalism, nationalist. It is the single largest National Rally group (National Assembly), parliamentary opposition party in the National Assembly (France), National Assembly since 2022. It Opposition to immigration, opposes immigration, advocating significant cuts to legal immigration, protection of French identity, and stricter control of illegal immigration. The party advocates a "more balanced" and "independent" French foreign policy, opposing French military intervention in Africa while supporting France leaving NATO's integrated command. It also supports reform of the European Union (EU), economic interventionism, protectionism, and zero tolerance for breaches of Law and order (politics), law and order. The party was founded in 1972 by the Ordre Nouveau (1960s), Ordre Nouveau to be t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pensée Unique
"''Pensée unique''" (； French for "single thought") is a pejorative expression for mainstream ideological conformism of any kind, almost always opposed to that of the speaker. Originally, it is a French expression and referred to claims that neoliberalism is the only correct way to structure society. The phrase implies that mainstream discussion is limited by ideological assumptions of what is possible. One example of ''pensée unique'' given by critics was TINA ("There is no alternative"), the motto of former British prime minister Margaret Thatcher. The expression was coined by Jean-François Kahn, editor-in-chief of ''L'Événement du Jeudi'', in an editorial in January 1992. The phrase pensée unique is often used by political parties and organisations and in criticism. The term has been used regarding prohibitionism of marijuana, with some commenters saying that ''pensée unique'' is a barrier to legalization. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2002 French Presidential Election
Presidential elections in France, Presidential elections were held in France on 21 April 2002, with a runoff election between the top two candidates, incumbent Jacques Chirac of the Rally for the Republic and Jean-Marie Le Pen of the National Rally, National Front, on 5 May. This presidential contest attracted a greater than usual amount of international attention because of candidate Le Pen's unexpected appearance in the runoff election. Chirac ran for a second term, reduced to five years instead of seven previously by a 2000 French constitutional referendum, 2000 referendum, emphasising a strong economy (mostly unaffected by downturns in Germany and the United States). It was widely expected that Chirac and Lionel Jospin, the outgoing Cohabitation (government), cohabitation Prime Minister of France, Prime Minister and nominee of the Socialist Party (France), Socialist Party, would be the most popular candidates in the first round, thus going on to face each other in the runoff, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Marie Le Pen
Jean Louis Marie Le Pen (20 June 1928 – 7 January 2025), commonly known as Jean-Marie Le Pen (), was a French politician, lawyer and activist. He founded the far-right National Front (now National Rally) party and served as the party's president from 1972 to 2011 and as its honorary president from 2011 to 2015. He focused on issues related to immigration to France, the European Union, traditional culture and values, law and order, and France's high rate of unemployment. His progression in the 1980s is known as the " of minds" due to its noticeable effect on mainstream political opinion. His controversial speeches and his integration into public life made him a figure who polarized opinion. He was convicted of statements downplaying the Holocaust, and fined for incitement to discrimination regarding remarks made about Muslims in France. He was expelled from the party by his daughter Marine in 2015 after making controversial statements. Le Pen's longevity in politics an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First They Came
"First They Came" ( , or ), is the poetic form of a 1946 post-war confessional prose piece by the German Lutheran pastor Martin Niemöller (1892–1984). It indirectly condemns complicity of German intellectuals and clergy following the Nazis' rise to power and subsequent incremental purging of their chosen targets. Many variations and adaptations in the spirit of the original have been published in the English language. Text The best-known versions of the confession in English are the edited versions in poetic form that had begun circulating by the 1950s. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum quotes the following text as one of the many poetic versions of the speech: A longer version by the Holocaust Memorial Day Trust, a charity established by the British government, is as follows: The original German language writing, as preserved by , is as follows: Author Martin Niemöller was a German Lutheran pastor and theologian born in Lippstadt, Germany, in 18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
