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Broadcast Cart
The Fidelipac, commonly known as a "NAB cartridge" or simply "cart", is a magnetic tape sound recording format, used for radio broadcasting for playback of material over the air such as radio commercials, jingles, station identifications, and music, and for indoor background music. Fidelipac is the official name of this industry standard audio tape cartridge. It was developed in 1954"Eash hand-made his own plastic cartridge for his first working unit and in 1954 began showing his unit to record people" ... "What Eash did in the Fidelipac cartridge - a term invented in 1956 by a Toledo advertising agency - was splice tape together.""Car Cartridges Come Home"
pp.18-22, ''

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Magnetic Tape Cartridge
A tape cartridge, also known as a tape cart, is a storage medium used for audio recording, video recording, or data storage that includes a magnetic tape housed in a plastic unit that contains a single reel for the tape. The format has become obsolete as an audio and video format but still remains in use for data storage for enterprise and commercial use with new formats and enhanced updates still being released. History The beginning of tape cartridges goes back to loop recording, also known as endless tape recording, which in this case referred to the endless playback of tape read in the tape transport. This was first used in specialized open reel machines that would continuously record or play an endless loop. Endless tape recording was ideal for security footage when the tape was necessary to be stored while endless playback was mainly used for audio. Setting up a reel to reel machine for playback was a common nuisance as it took a lot of time to set up and make sure the tape ...
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Vern Nolte
Vern is a masculine given name, often a short form (hypocorism) of Vernon, Lavern or other names. People named Vern include: * Vernon Vern Bakalich (1929–2015), New Zealand rugby league player * Verdi Vern Barberis (1928–2005), Australian weightlifter * Vernon Vern Buchanan (born 1951), American politician, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Florida * Vern Bullough (1928–2006), American historian and sexologist * Vernon Vern Burke (born 1941), American former National Football League player * Vernon Vern Clark (born 1944), former US Navy admiral and Chief of Naval Operations * Lavern Vern Corbin, American college basketball player (1926–1929) * Vernon Vern Countryman (1917–1999), American Harvard Law School professor and social critic * Vern Den Herder (born 1948), American retired National Football League player and member of the College Football Hall of Fame * Vern Fleming (born 1962), American former National Basketball Association player * Vern ...
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Background Music
Background music (British English: piped music) is a mode of musical performance in which the music is not intended to be a primary focus of potential listeners, but its content, character, and volume level are deliberately chosen to affect behavioral and emotional responses in humans such as concentration, relaxation, distraction, and excitement. Listeners are uniquely subject to background music with no control over its volume and content. The range of responses created are of great variety, and even opposite, depending on numerous factors such as, setting, culture, audience, and even time of day. Background music is commonly played where there is no audience at all, such as empty hallways, restrooms and fitting rooms. It is also used in artificial space, such as music played while on hold during a telephone call, and virtual space, as in the ambient sounds or thematic music in video games. It is typically played at low volumes from multiple small speakers distributing the musi ...
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Capstan (tape Recorder)
A tape transport is the collection of parts of a magnetic tape player or tape recorder, recorder that move the tape and play or record it. Transport parts include the head, capstan, pinch roller, tape pins, and tape guide. The tape transport as a whole is called the ''transport mechanism''. Tape head The tape head is the part of a tape recording or playback device which converts the magnetic fluctuations present in the tape into an electrical signal, which is then amplified and sent to speakers or headphones. The tape head is set off-center in a multitrack device in order to record or play one or more tracks running in each direction of the tape (e.g. the two different tracks present on most, if not all, Cassette tape, compact cassettes). Capstan The capstan is a rotating Spindle (tool), spindle used to move recording tape through the mechanism of a tape recorder. The tape is threaded between the capstan and one or more rubber-covered wheels, called pinch rollers, which press ag ...
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Pinch Roller
A tape transport is the collection of parts of a magnetic tape player or recorder that move the tape and play or record it. Transport parts include the head, capstan, pinch roller, tape pins, and tape guide. The tape transport as a whole is called the ''transport mechanism''. Tape head The tape head is the part of a tape recording or playback device which converts the magnetic fluctuations present in the tape into an electrical signal, which is then amplified and sent to speakers or headphones. The tape head is set off-center in a multitrack device in order to record or play one or more tracks running in each direction of the tape (e.g. the two different tracks present on most, if not all, compact cassettes). Capstan The capstan is a rotating spindle used to move recording tape through the mechanism of a tape recorder. The tape is threaded between the capstan and one or more rubber-covered wheels, called pinch rollers, which press against the capstan, thus providing friction ...
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Bill Lear
William Powell Lear (June 26, 1902 – May 14, 1978) was an American inventor and businessman. He is best known for founding Learjet, a manufacturer of business jets. He also invented the battery eliminator for the B battery, and developed the car radio and the 8-track cartridge, an audio tape system.Stim and Pressman 2007, p. 20. Throughout his career of 46 years, Lear received over 140 patents. Career Lear was born on June 26, 1902, in Hannibal, Missouri, to Rueben Marion Lear, a carpenter, and Gertrude Elizabeth Powell Lear. His mother left his father and he stayed with his aunt, Gussie Bornhouser, in Dubuque, Iowa. Later, Otto Kirmse took him in and raised him as his stepson. The family relocated to Chicago where Lear attended Kershaw Grammar School. On Sundays, he attended the Moody Tabernacle (now Moody Church). "From listening to Paul Rader, of the Moody Tabernacle, he learned grammar and how to speak. He found out how to meet people, how to shake hands, and what ...
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Inches Per Second
The inch per second is a unit of speed or velocity. It expresses the distance in inches (''in'') traveled or displaced, divided by time in seconds (''s'', or ''sec''). The equivalent SI unit is the metre per second. Abbreviations include in/s, in/sec, ips, and less frequently in s−1. Conversions 1 inch per second is equivalent to: : = 0.0254  metres per second (exactly) : =  or 0.08  feet per second (exactly) : =  or 0.056  miles per hour (exactly) : = 0.09144  km·h−1 (exactly) 1 metre per second ≈ 39.370079 inches per second (approximately) 1 foot per second = 12 inches per second (exactly) 1  mile per hour = 17.6 inches per second (exactly) 1 kilometre per hour ≈ 10.936133 inches per second (approximately) Uses In magnetic tape sound recording, magnetic tape speed is often quoted in inches per second (abbreviated "ips ...
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Analog Recording
Analog recording is a category of techniques used for the recording of analog signals. This enables later playback of the recorded analog audio. Analog audio recording began with mechanical systems such as the phonautograph and phonograph. Later, electronic techniques such as wire recording, wire and tape recorder, tape recording were developed. Analog recording methods store analog signals directly in or on the media. The signal may be stored as a physical texture on a phonograph record, or a fluctuation in the field strength of a magnetic recording. Analog transmission methods use analog signals to distribute audio content. These are in contrast to digital audio where an analog signal is Sampling (signal processing), sampled and Quantization (signal processing), quantized to produce a Digital signal (signal processing), digital signal which is represented, stored and transmitted as discrete numbers. See also * Comparison of analog and digital recording * History of sound re ...
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Cherry Hill, New Jersey
Cherry Hill is a Township (New Jersey), township within Camden County, New Jersey, Camden County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As a suburb of Philadelphia, the township is part of the South Jersey and Delaware Valley regions. Cherry Hill Township grew during the mid-20th century suburbanization, becoming one of the Delaware Valley's main commercial centers, including the Cherry Hill Mall. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 74,553. History The area now known as Cherry Hill was originally settled by the Lenape, Lenni-Lenape Native Americans in the United States, Native Americans before being displaced by the first settlers from England, namely Religious Society of Friends, Quaker followers of William Penn who arrived in the late 17th century. The first settlement was a small cluster of homes named Colestown, in the perimeters of what is now the Colestown Cemetery, Cherry Hill Township, Colestown Cemetery on the corner of New Jersey Route 41, R ...
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Bernard Cousino
Bernard August Cousino (August 1, 1902 – December 29, 1994) was an American audio technology inventor. He invented an endless loop tape cartridge design in 1952, known as the Audio Vendor, under U.S. Patent 2804401A. The tape is pulled from the inside of a loose tape roll making it spin to wind the returning tape onto the roll again. Initially, this mechanism was mounted on a reel to reel tape recorder. Later Cousino developed a plastic housing to be hung on some tape recorders. At first, the magnetic coating was wound facing the inside of the reel. This cartridge was marketed by John Herbert Orr as the ''Orrtronic Tapette''. Newer cartridges had the magnetic coating wound facing outside of the reel, which required a special recorder to operate it, but offered comfortable, simple insertion of the cartridge without threading the tape. These more compact cartridges do not require any bottom spare for the tape head assembly. That would inspire George Eash to make the Fidelipac ...
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Endless Tape Cartridge
An endless tape cartridge is a tape cartridge or cassette that contains magnetic audio tape that can be played in an endless loop, without the need to rewind to repeat. Description The endless tape cartridge has a tape transport that allows forward movement only. The magnetic tape can have start and end markers, like a magnetic beacon, an electric conductive splice, a hole that can be optically scanned, or a transparent splice tape. The cartridge was invented by sound engineer Bernard A. Cousino and it dominated the North American market for many years. One of the first products that used the endless tape technology was the Audio Vendor from 1952, an invention of Cousino's. It was registered as patent US2804401A. The tape is passed through an inner ring of loose tape reel, where the recording is stored, and looped back through the outer ring of the reel. Initially, this mechanism was to be implemented in a reel-to-reel audio tape recorder. Later, Cousino developed a pla ...
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Broadcast Automation
Broadcast automation incorporates the use of broadcast programming technology to automate broadcasting operations. Used either at a broadcast network, radio station or a television station, it can run a facility in the absence of a human operator. They can also run in a ''live assist'' mode when there are on-air personnel present at the master control, television studio or control room. The radio transmitter end of the airchain is handled by a separate automatic transmission system (ATS). History Originally, in the US, many (if not most) broadcast licensing authorities required a licensed board operator to run every station at all times, meaning that every DJ had to pass an exam to obtain a license to be on-air, if their duties also required them to ensure proper operation of the transmitter. This was often the case on overnight and weekend shifts when there was no broadcast engineer present, and all of the time for small stations with only a contract engineer on c ...
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