|
British Fifty Pence Coin
The United Kingdom, British decimal fifty pence coin (often shortened to 50p in writing and speech) is a denomination of Coins of the United Kingdom, sterling coinage worth of one pound sterling, pound. Its Obverse and reverse, obverse has featured the profile of the current Monarchy of the United Kingdom, British monarch since the coin's introduction in 1969. , six different royal portraits have been used. there were an estimated 920 million 50p coins in circulation. The coin has proved popular with coin collectors, leading to numerous differing designs for both commemorative and circulating coins. Fifty pence coins are legal tender for amounts up to the sum of £10 when offered in repayment of a debt; however, the coin's legal tender status is not normally relevant for everyday transactions. History In 1967 the Deputy Master of the Royal Mint approached the Decimal Currency Board to ask for their advice on the introduction of a new coin. The 10-shilling note then in use was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cupro-nickel
Cupronickel or copper–nickel (CuNi) is an alloy of copper with nickel, usually along with small quantities of other metals added for strength, such as iron and manganese. The copper content typically varies from 60 to 90 percent. ( Monel is a nickel–copper alloy that contains a minimum of 52 percent nickel.) Despite its high copper content, cupronickel is silver in colour. Cupronickel is highly resistant to corrosion by salt water, and is therefore used for piping, heat exchangers and condensers in seawater systems, as well as for marine hardware. It is sometimes used for the propellers, propeller shafts, and hulls of high-quality boats. Other uses include military equipment and chemical industry, petrochemical industry, and electrical industries. In decorative use, a cupronickel alloy called nickel silver is common, although it contains additional zinc but no silver. Another common 20th-century use of cupronickel was silver-coloured coins. For this use, the typical a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legal Tender
Legal tender is a form of money that Standard of deferred payment, courts of law are required to recognize as satisfactory payment in court for any monetary debt. Each jurisdiction determines what is legal tender, but essentially it is anything which, when offered ("tendered") in payment of a debt, extinguishes the debt. There is no obligation on the creditor to accept the tendered payment, but the act of tendering the payment in legal tender discharges the debt. It is generally only mandatory to recognize the payment of legal tender in the discharge of a monetary debt from a debtor to a creditor. Sellers offering to enter into contractual relationship, such as a contract for the sale of goods, do not need to accept legal tender and may instead contractually require payment using electronic methods, foreign currencies or any other legally recognized object of value. Coins and banknotes are usually defined as legal tender in many countries, but personal cheque, checks, credit c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Curve Of Constant Width
In geometry, a curve of constant width is a simple closed curve in the plane (geometry), plane whose width (the distance between parallel supporting lines) is the same in all directions. The shape bounded by a curve of constant width is a body of constant width or an orbiform, the name given to these shapes by Leonhard Euler. Standard examples are the circle and the Reuleaux triangle. These curves can also be constructed using circular arcs centered at crossings of an arrangement of lines, as the involutes of certain curves, or by intersecting circles centered on a partial curve. Every body of constant width is a convex set, its boundary crossed at most twice by any line, and if the line crosses perpendicularly it does so at both crossings, separated by the width. By Barbier's theorem, the body's perimeter is exactly pi, times its width, but its area depends on its shape, with the Reuleaux triangle having the smallest possible area for its width and the circle the largest. Every ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reuleaux Polygon
In geometry, a Reuleaux polygon is a curve of constant width made up of circular arcs of constant radius. These shapes are named after their prototypical example, the Reuleaux triangle, which in turn is named after 19th-century German engineer Franz Reuleaux. The Reuleaux triangle can be constructed from an equilateral triangle by connecting each pair of adjacent vertices with a circular arc centered on the opposing vertex, and Reuleaux polygons can be formed by a similar construction from any regular polygon with an odd number of sides as well as certain irregular polygons. Every curve of constant width can be accurately approximated by Reuleaux polygons. They have been applied in coinage shapes. Construction If P is a convex polygon with an odd number of sides, in which each vertex is equidistant to the two opposite vertices and closer to all other vertices, then replacing each side of P by an arc centered at its opposite vertex produces a Reuleaux polygon. As a special case ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heptagon
In geometry, a heptagon or septagon is a seven-sided polygon or 7-gon. The heptagon is sometimes referred to as the septagon, using ''Wikt:septa-, septa-'' (an elision of ''Wikt:septua-, septua-''), a Latin-derived numerical prefix, rather than ''Wikt:hepta-, hepta-'', a Greek language, Greek-derived numerical prefix (both are cognate), together with the suffix ''-gon'' for , meaning angle. Regular heptagon A regular polygon, regular heptagon, in which all sides and all angles are equal, has internal angles of 5π/7 radians (128 degree (angle), degrees). Its Schläfli symbol is . Area The area (''A'') of a regular heptagon of side length ''a'' is given by: :A = \fraca^2 \cot \frac \simeq 3.634 a^2. This can be seen by subdividing the unit-sided heptagon into seven triangular "pie slices" with Vertex (geometry), vertices at the center and at the heptagon's vertices, and then halving each triangle using the apothem as the common side. The apothem is half the cotangent of \pi/7 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equilateral
An equilateral triangle is a triangle in which all three sides have the same length, and all three angles are equal. Because of these properties, the equilateral triangle is a regular polygon, occasionally known as the regular triangle. It is the special case of an isosceles triangle by modern definition, creating more special properties. The equilateral triangle can be found in various tilings, and in polyhedrons such as the deltahedron and antiprism. It appears in real life in popular culture, architecture, and the study of stereochemistry resembling the molecular known as the trigonal planar molecular geometry. Properties An equilateral triangle is a triangle that has three equal sides. It is a special case of an isosceles triangle in the modern definition, stating that an isosceles triangle is defined at least as having two equal sides. Based on the modern definition, this leads to an equilateral triangle in which one of the three sides may be considered its base. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Half Crown (British Coin)
The British half crown was a denomination of sterling coinage worth pound, or two shillings and six pence (abbreviated "2/6", familiarly "two and six"), or 30 pre-decimal pence. The gold half crown was first issued in England in 1526, in the reign of King Henry VIII, with a value half that of the crown coin. The first silver half crown appeared in 1551, under King Edward VI and was dated. No half crowns were issued in the reign of Mary, but from the reign of Elizabeth I half crowns were issued in every reign except that of Edward VIII, until the coins were discontinued in 1970. During the English Interregnum of 1649–1660, a republican half crown was issued, bearing the arms of the Commonwealth of England, despite monarchist associations of the coin's name. When Oliver Cromwell was made Lord Protector of England, half crowns were issued bearing his portrait depicting him wearing a laurel wreath in the manner of a Roman Emperor. The half crown did not display its value on th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ten Pence (British Coin)
The United Kingdom, British decimal ten pence coin (often shortened to 10p in writing and speech) is a denomination of Coins of the United Kingdom, sterling coinage worth of a pound sterling, pound. Its obverse has featured the profile of the British monarch since the coin's introduction in 1968, to replace the Florin (British coin), florin (two shilling) coin in preparation for Decimal Day, decimalisation in 1971. It remained the same size as the florin (which also remained legal tender) until a smaller version was introduced on 30 September 1992, with the older coins being withdrawn on 30 June 1993. The ten pence coin was originally minted from cupro-nickel] (75% Copper, Cu, 25% Nickel, Ni), but since 2012 it has been minted in nickel-plated steel due to the increasing price of metal. From January 2013 the Royal Mint began a programme to gradually remove the cupro-nickel coins from circulation and replace them with the nickel-plated steel versions. there were an estimated 1,6 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
