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British Far East Command
The Far East Command was a British military command which had 2 distinct periods. These were firstly, 18 November 1940 – 7 January 1942 succeeded by the American-British-Dutch-Australian Command ( ABDACOM), and secondly, 1963–1971 succeeded by Australia, New Zealand, and United Kingdom Force ( ANZUK Force) 1940–1942 The British had several commands with responsibilities East of Suez. General Sir Archibald Wavell, the Commander-in-Chief, India, directed army forces in India. Air force and naval forces in India had separate commanders. The Far East Command under Air Marshal Robert Brooke-Popham and from 23 December 1941 by Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Royds Pownall. The C-in-C Far East Command was responsible directly to the Chiefs of Staff for the operational control and general direction of training of all British land and air forces in Malaya, Burma, and Hong Kong, and for the co-ordination of plans for the defence of those territories. But the CinC exercised no comman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Formation (military)
Military organization (American English , AE) or military organisation (British English , BE) is the structuring of the armed forces of a State (polity), state so as to offer such military capability as a military policy, national defense policy may require. Formal military organization tends to use hierarchical forms (see Military organization#Modern hierarchy , Modern hierarchy for terminology and approximate troop strength per hierarchical unit). In some countries, paramilitary forces are included in a nation's armed forces, though not considered military. Armed forces that are not a part of military or paramilitary organizations, such as Insurgency, insurgent forces, often emulate military organizations, or use these structures. History The use of formalized Military rank, ranks in a hierarchical structure came into widespread use with the Roman Army. The Roman Army was organized into Roman legion, legions, each comprising around 5000 soldiers and led by a Legate (anc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malaya Army
Malaya refers to a number of historical and current political entities related to what is currently Peninsular Malaysia in Southeast Asia: Political entities * British Malaya (1826–1957), a loose collection of the British colony of the Straits Settlements and the British protectorates of the Malay States * Malayan Union (1946–1948), a post-war British colony consisting of all the states and settlements in British Malaya except Singapore * Federation of Malaya (1948–1963), the successor to the Malayan Union, which gained independence within the Commonwealth of Nations in 1957 * The States of Malaya (1963–present) Science * '' Megisba malaya'', a butterfly commonly called the Malayan People * Malaya Akulukjuk (born 1915?), Canadian Inuk artist * Malaya Drew (born 1987), American actress * Malaya Marcelino, Canadian politician * Oxana Malaya (born 1983), Ukrainian mental patient known for her morbid dog-like childhood behaviour * Malaya (born 1980), a founding member of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burma Command
Burma Command was a British Army command formed for the coordination of the defences of Burma. It functioned from 1937 to 1942, when the country fell to Japanese Forces during the Second World War, and functioned again from 1945 to 1948, when the country secured independence from the UK. History Before the formation of the command, Burma had functioned as independent district within the British Indian Army. The last General Officer Commanding Burma Independent District was Major-General William Twiss who commanded from 1936 to 1937. In April 1937, when Burma became a semi-autonomous country, it was decided to separate the command from the British Indian Army. Initially Burma Command came under the direct command of the Governor of British Burma as commander-in-chief. However with the Second World War imminent, responsibility was delegated to Lieutenant-General Kenneth McLeod as the first General Officer Commanding in January 1939. Once Rangoon had fallen to Japanese troops on th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Copeland Maltby
Air Vice Marshal Sir Paul Copeland Maltby, (5 August 1892 – 2 July 1971) was a senior Royal Air Force officer who later served as the Serjeant at Arms in the House of Lords. Military career In 1942 Maltby was assistant Air Officer Commanding Far East Command and Air Officer Commanding RAF in Java. He ordered the formation of 225th RAF (Bomber) Group on 1 January 1942. Maltby arrived in West Java on 14 February 1942 and set up his headquarters at Soekaboemi. The allies suffered heavy losses of planes to the Japanese. On 22 February 1942 the ABDA Command was dissolved. Churchill generally agreed with Wavell that Java should be fought for, but insisted that the main reinforcements should be sent to Burma and India and not to Java. The overall command was handed over to the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army. Churchill signaled Maltby the very next day: Maltby's main tasks were to continue the fight to defend Java as long as equipment could be maintained and do everythin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conway Walter Heath Pulford
Air Vice Marshal Conway Walter Heath Pulford, (26 January 1892 – 10 March 1942) was a senior Royal Air Force officer during World War II. Pulford commanded British forces in the Japanese invasion of Malaya and the subsequent fall of Singapore. Pulford died of exhaustion and malaria after his evacuation vessel was attacked by Japanese aircraft and ran aground on an uninhabited island. Early life Pulford was born in Agra, India the son of Russell Richard and Lucy Anne Pulford. Naval career Pulford began his career in the Royal Navy in 1905 as a Naval Cadet at the Royal Naval College, Osborne. After serving as a midshipman on and , and as a sub-lieutenant on , he became a pilot on the aircraft carrier in December 1914. RAF career In January 1920, Pulford left the Navy for the Royal Air Force, becoming a squadron commander in 1921. Pulford attended the RAF Staff College in 1922 and the Imperial Defence College in 1929. Second World War In 1941 he attempted to build up th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Tremayne Babington
Air Marshal Sir John Tremayne Babington, (20 July 1891 – 20 March 1979) was a senior commander in the Royal Air Force. In 1944, he retired and the following year changed his name to Tremayne, his mother's maiden name, to avoid confusion with his younger brother, Philip Babington. He was educated at Osborne and Dartmouth Royal Navy colleges. RAF career Babington was commissioned as a Midshipman in the Royal Navy in 1908. During the First World War, Babington was a member of the Royal Naval Air Service. He participated in the air raid on the Friedrichshaven Airship Factory, Germany on 21 November 1914. On 2 January 1920, Babington was removed from the Navy List and awarded a permanent commission in the Royal Air Force. He was appointed Station Commander at RAF Gosport in 1927 and went on to be a Station Commander in Iraq in January 1929 before becoming British Air Representative to the League of Nations in November 1929. He became Station Commander of RAF Halton and Commanda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seletar Airport
Seletar Airport ( ; ) is a civilian international airport serving the north-east region of Singapore. It is located approximately northwest from Changi Airport, the country's main airport, and about north from the main commercial city-centre. The airfield was originally opened in 1928 as RAF Seletar, a military airbase of the British Royal Air Force (RAF). The base was handed back over to Singapore in 1971. The Government of Singapore intended for Seletar Airport and the surrounding areas to function as the operating aerodrome for their plan to expand Singapore's status as an industrial aviation hub, today known as the Seletar Aerospace Park. Today, Seletar Airport mostly serves turbo-prop and smaller-sized private and business jet airlines and aircraft. It helps to serve as a secondary destination to Singapore for turbo-prop aircraft to decrease load from Changi Airport, which has heavy air traffic consisting of jet aircraft. The airport is currently not capable of ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Far East Air Force (Royal Air Force)
The former Royal Air Force Far East Air Force, more simply known as RAF Far East Air Force, was the Command organisation that controlled all Royal Air Force assets in the east of Asia (Far East). It was originally formed as Air Command, South East Asia in 1943 during the Second World War. In 1946, this was renamed RAF Air Command Far East, and finally Far East Air Force in June 1949. The command was disbanded on 31 October 1971. Early history The RAF's Far East Command was formed in January 1930 and its first officer commanding, Group Captain Henry Cave-Browne-Cave, was double-hatted as Officer Commanding RAF Singapore. This was upgraded to Headquarters Air Force Far East Command in 1933. During the Second World War, when Malaya, Singapore, Burma and Hong Kong were overrun by the Japanese, the command retreated to India, there receiving the name Air Headquarters Bengal. The true ancestor of the postwar Far East Air Force was formed on 16 November 1943, under Lord Louis Mou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Singapore Naval Base
His Majesty's Naval Base, Singapore, also Her Majesty's Naval Base, Singapore (HMNB Singapore), alternatively known as the Singapore Naval Base, Sembawang Naval Base and HMS Sembawang, was situated in Sembawang at the northern tip of Singapore and was both a Royal Navy shore establishment and a cornerstone of British defence policy (the Singapore strategy) in the Far East between the World Wars. From 1921 to 1941 it was a China Station base, from 1941 to 1945 a repair facility for the Imperial Japanese Navy and from 1945 to 1958 a Far East Fleet base. Today, it is a commercial dockyard but British military activity still exists at the British Defence Singapore Support Unit (BDSSU). History Through the 19th century, the British Government relied on four Imperial fortress colonies as primary bases for the Royal Navy and British Army for control of the World's oceans. These were Bermuda and Halifax, Nova Scotia (military control of the latter was handed to the Canadian mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Java
Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea (a part of Pacific Ocean) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including Madura) in mid 2024, projected to rise to 158 million at mid 2025, Java is the world's List of islands by population, most populous island, home to approximately 55.7% of the Demographics of Indonesia, Indonesian population (only approximately 44.3% of Indonesian population live outside Java). Indonesia's capital city, Jakarta, is on Java's northwestern coast. Many of the best known events in Indonesian history took place on Java. It was the centre of powerful Hindu-Buddhist empires, the Islamic sultanates, and the core of the colonial Dutch East Indies. Java was also the center of the History of Indonesia, Indonesian struggle for independence during the 1930s and 1940s. Java dominates Indonesia politically, economically and culturally. Four of Indonesia's eig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bandung
Bandung is the capital city of the West Java province of Indonesia. Located on the island of Java, the city is the List of Indonesian cities by population, fourth-most populous city and fourth largest city in Indonesia after Jakarta, Surabaya, and Medan. Greater Bandung (Bandung Basin Metropolitan Area / BBMA) is the country's second-largest and second most populous List of metropolitan areas in Indonesia, metropolitan area, with over 11 million inhabitants. Situated above sea level (the highest point in the North area is at an altitude of , and the lowest in the South at above sea level), approximately southeast of Jakarta, Bandung has cooler year-round temperatures than most other List of cities in Indonesia, Indonesian cities. The city lies in a river basin surrounded by volcanic mountains that provide a natural defense system, which was the primary reason for the Dutch East Indies government's plan to move the capital from Batavia (modern-day Jakarta) to Bandung. The D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lembang
Lembang is a town and administrative village of West Bandung Regency in the province of Jawa Barat, West Java in Java (island), Java, Indonesia. The town has about 17,000 inhabitants (at census 2010). The population of the Lembang District was 173,350 at the 2010 Census. Lembang is situated between 1,312 and 2,084 meters above sea level. Its highest point is on top of Tangkuban Perahu, Tangkuban Perahu Mt. The temperature usually ranges between 17 and 24 degrees Celsius. Lembang means "dent" in Sundanese. Economy Besides the tourism industry and agriculture, Lembang also has 69,000 dairy cow farmers who supply FrieslandCampina, the Frisian Flag, Diamond, and Danone. Education and military Lembang has more than a dozen government centers of education and research and military bases. Lembang Fault The Lembang Fault is an active geological fault with a slip rate of 2 millimeters per year that crosses Lembang city and runs 22 kilometers north of the Bandung basin, ranging from Mou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
