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Brigadas Revolucionárias
The Brigadas Revolucionarias (BR) were a terrorist organization active in Portugal between 1970 and 1980. Founded in 1970 by a group of dissidents from the Portuguese Communist Party, the BR were initially led by Isabel do Carmo, Carlos Antunes and Pedro Goulart, who were unhappy with the pacifist narrative of the Communist Party. The first bomb attack took place on November 7, 1971, against the NATO facilities in Fonte da Telha, Portugal. Most of its members were previously in the Communist Party, in particular Carlos Antunes and Isabel do Carmo, who kept Communist Party dominant no-kill narrative and preferred spectacular and media-centric actions instead. Despite the overthrown of the Portuguese dictatorship in 1974, the BR did not abandon armed violence. The BR become frustrated with the end of the revolutionary period, the beginning of the consolidation of democracy and the preparation of Portugal’s entry into the European Economic Community (EEC). Accordingly, they carried o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuguese Communist Party
The Portuguese Communist Party (, , PCP) is a Communism, communist and Marxism–Leninism, Marxist–Leninist List of political parties in Portugal, political party in Portugal. It is one of the strongest List of communist parties, communist parties in Western Europe and the oldest Portugal, Portuguese political party with uninterrupted existence. It is characterized as being between the Left-wing politics, left-wing and Far-left politics, far-left on the political spectrum. Since 1987, it runs to any national, local and European elections in coalition with the Ecologist Party "The Greens" (PEV), assembled in the Unitary Democratic Coalition (CDU). After the death of its secretary-general, Bento António Gonçalves, Bento Gonçalves, in the Tarrafal concentration camp, the Party went through a period, from 1942 to 1961, without a secretary-general. In 1961, the historic leader Álvaro Cunhal was elected. In 1992, he was succeeded by Carlos Carvalhas, and in 2004 Jerónimo de Sous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polícia Judiciária
The (; PJ; ) is the national criminal investigation police agency of Portugal, focused in fighting serious crimes, including homicides, kidnapping, organized crime, terrorism, illegal drug trade, corruption, cybercrime and financial crime. It is integrated into the Ministry of Justice, but operates under the supervision of the Public Ministry. Several countries and territories that were once overseas provinces of Portugal maintain criminal investigation police forces modeled after the Portuguese one, with some of them retaining also the name ''Polícia Judiciária''. These are the cases of Cabo Verde, Guinea-Bissau and Macau. The ''Polícia Judiciária Militar'' (Military Judiciary Police) is a separate criminal investigation police agency that operates under the Ministry of National Defense A ministry of defence or defense (see spelling differences), also known as a department of defence or defense, is the part of a government responsible for matters of defence and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1970 Establishments In Portugal
Year 197 ( CXCVII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Magius and Rufinus (or, less frequently, year 950 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 197 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * February 19 – Battle of Lugdunum: Emperor Septimius Severus defeats the self-proclaimed emperor Clodius Albinus at Lugdunum (modern Lyon). Albinus commits suicide; legionaries sack the town. * Septimius Severus returns to Rome and has about 30 of Albinus's supporters in the Senate executed. After his victory he declares himself the adopted son of the late Marcus Aurelius. * Septimius Severus forms new naval units, manning all the triremes in Italy with heavily armed troops for war in the East. His soldiers embark on an artificial canal between the Tigris a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Defunct Organizations Designated As Terrorist In Europe
{{Disambiguation ...
Defunct may refer to: * ''Defunct'' (video game), 2014 * Zombie process or defunct process, in Unix-like operating systems See also * * :Former entities * End-of-life product * Obsolescence Obsolescence is the process of becoming antiquated, out of date, old-fashioned, no longer in general use, or no longer useful, or the condition of being in such a state. When used in a biological sense, it means imperfect or rudimentary when comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terrorism In Portugal
history of terrorism in Europe. This has often been linked to nationalist and separatist movements (separating countries), while other acts have been related to politics (including anarchism, far-right and far-left extremism), religious extremism, or organized crime. Terrorism in the European sections of the intercontinental countries of Turkey and Russia are not included in this list. History Definitions There are more than one hundred definitions of terrorism in scholarly literature. Because the term is used in polemical contexts, the word itself can become part of the campaign. A simple definition would be "use of force against innocent people for political purposes". Some scholars argue that there is no true or correct definition due to terrorism being an abstract concept without a real presence. Legal definitions contain internal contradictions and might be misused. There is an overlap between terrorism and various other forms of conflict and violent action, including civi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Resistance Movements
A resistance movement is an organized group of people that tries to resist or try to overthrow a government or an occupying power, causing disruption and unrest in civil order and stability. Such a movement may seek to achieve its goals through either the use of violent or nonviolent resistance (sometimes called civil resistance), or the use of force, whether armed or unarmed. In many cases, as for example in the United States during the American Revolution, or in Norway in the Second World War, a resistance movement may employ both violent and non-violent methods, usually operating under different organizations and acting in different phases or geographical areas within a country. Etymology The Oxford English Dictionary records use of the word "resistance" in the sense of organised opposition to an invader from 1862. The modern usage of the term "Resistance" became widespread from the self-designation of many movements during World War II, especially the French Resistance. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Terrorism
Communist terrorism is terrorism perpetrated by individuals or groups which adhere to communism and ideologies related to it, such as Marxism–Leninism, Maoism, and Trotskyism. Historically, communist terrorism has sometimes taken the form of state-sponsored terrorism, supported by communist nations such as the Soviet Union,Fleming pp110Chaliand page 197/202 China, North Korea and Democratic Kampuchea.Clymer page 107 In addition, non-state actors such as the Red Brigades, the Front Line and the Red Army Faction have also engaged in communist terrorism.C. J. M. Drake page 19Sloan pp61 These groups hope to inspire the masses to rise up and start a revolution to overthrow existing political and economic systems.Yonah ppIX This form of terrorism can sometimes be called red terrorism or left-wing terrorism. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union have been credited with leading to a notable decline in this form of terrorism.David C. Wills page 219 History ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communism In Portugal
Communism () is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products in society based on need.: "One widespread distinction was that socialism socialised production only while communism socialised production and consumption." A communist society entails the absence of private property and social classes, and ultimately money and the state. Communists often seek a voluntary state of self-governance but disagree on the means to this end. This reflects a distinction between a libertarian socialist approach of communization, revolutionary spontaneity, and workers' self-management, and an authoritarian socialist, vanguardist, or party-driven approach to establish a socialist state, which is expected to wither away. Communist parties have been described as radical left ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forças Populares 25 De Abril
The Forças Populares 25 de Abril (; FP 25 de Abril or FP-25) was a far-left terrorist group operating in Portugal between 1980 and 1987, having been allegedly led by Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho. At the end of the judicial process known as "FUP/FP-25", Otelo and other accused members were amnestied of moral authorship and were found innocent of material authorship. Between 1980 and 1987, the FP-25 was directly responsible for 14 deaths, including that of a child – to which are added the 6 deaths of its members – dozens of shootings, attacks with explosives, robberies. The Orion operation led to the temporary arrest of more than 70 people, in what became known as the FUP/FP-25 process. The most famous members included Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho, José Mouta Liz and Pedro Goulart, among others. The defendants were later accused and charged in court for being a part of a terrorist organization, but the sentence would be partially annulled for unconstitutionality. The parliamen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polícia De Segurança Pública
The Polícia de Segurança Pública MHTE (PSP; ''Public Security Police'') is the national civil police force of Portugal. Part of the Portuguese security forces, the mission of the PSP is to defend Republican democracy, safeguarding internal security and the rights of its citizens. Despite many other functions, the force is generally known for policing urban areas with uniformed police officers, while rural areas are normally policed by National Republican Guard (GNR), the country's national gendarmerie force. PSP is focused in preventive policing, only investigating minor crimes. Investigation of serious crimes falls under the Judicial Police responsibility, which is a separate agency. Since October 2023, the PSP is now in charge of controlling the Portuguese borders (alongside the GNR), with the dissolution of the Foreigners and Borders Service. History Like most of Europe, until the Middle Ages the defence of public order was the responsibility of local communities, und ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isabel Do Carmo
Isabel do Carmo ComL is a former founder and leader of the Portuguese terrorist organization, Brigadas Revolucionárias (BR), which took part in an armed struggle against the Portuguese government, both before and after the overthrow of the repressive '' Estado Novo'' regime. She was also the founder and leader of Partido Revolucionário do Proletariado (PRP), a political organization never formalized as a party and created to support the BR. She was held in pre-trial prison from 1978 to 1982. Carmo, a doctor and a University professor, has published extensively, on both medical and political issues. Early life Maria Isabel Augusta Cortes do Carmo was born in Barreiro, on the left bank of the River Tagus to the southeast of the Portuguese capital of Lisbon, on 12 September 1940. She took the ferry to go to High School in Lisbon and later graduated from the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lisbon. As a student and activist in the students' association of the Faculty of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Popular Front For The Liberation Of Oman
The Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman (in , PFLO) was a Marxist and Arab nationalist revolutionary organisation in the Sultanate of Oman. It fought against the Sultan in the Dhofar Rebellion from the PFLO's foundation until the suppression of the insurgency in 1976. Background The main forerunner of the PFLO was the Dhofar Liberation Front (جبهة تحرير ظفار - ''Jabhat Tahrir Dhofar'', DLF) which was based in Dhofar, the southern province of Oman. It was founded in 1962 by the Dhofar Benevolent Society (DBS), the Dhofar Soldiers’ Organisation (DSO) and the local branch of the Arab Nationalist Movement (ANM) and began armed struggle in June 1965. Formation of the Popular Front In September 1968 the DLF was renamed the Popular Front for the Liberation of the Occupied Arabian Gulf (''al-Jabha ash-Sha'abiya li-Tahrir al-Khalij al-'Arabi al-Muhtal'', PFLOAG). Its members were inclined towards the leftist, Marxist-Leninist tendency in the ANM, and were also i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
