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Branchiosaur
Branchiosauridae is an extinct family of small amphibamiform temnospondyls with external gills and an overall juvenile appearance. The family has been characterized by hundreds of well-preserved specimens from the Permo-Carboniferous of Middle Europe.Schoch, R.R. 2008. The intrarelationships and evolutionary history of the temnospondyl family branchiosauridae. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 6(4):409-431. Specimens represent well defined ontogenetic stages and thus the taxon has been described to display paedomorphy (perennibranchiate). However, more recent work has revealed branchiosaurid taxa that display metamorphosing trajectories.Schoch, R.R. and Frobisch, N.B. 2006. Alternative Pathways in an Extinct Amphibian Clade. Evolution. 60(7):1467-1475 The name Branchiosauridae (“Branchio” in Ancient Greek denoting gills and “saurus” meaning lizard) refers to the retention of gills. Geological/paleoenvironmental information Branchiosaurids mostly inhabited Permo-C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Temnospondyl
Temnospondyli (from Greek τέμνειν, ''temnein'' 'to cut' and σπόνδυλος, ''spondylos'' 'vertebra') is a diverse order of small to giant tetrapods—often considered primitive amphibians—that flourished worldwide during the Carboniferous, Permian, and Triassic periods. A few species continued into the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. Fossils have been found on every continent. During about 210 million years of evolutionary history, they adapted to a wide range of habitats, including freshwater, terrestrial, and even coastal marine environments. Their life history is well understood, with fossils known from the larval stage, metamorphosis, and maturity. Most temnospondyls were semiaquatic, although some were almost fully terrestrial, returning to the water only to breed. These temnospondyls were some of the first vertebrates fully adapted to life on land. Although temnospondyls are considered amphibians, many had characteristics, such as scales and armour-like bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Branchiosaurus Salamandroides
''Branchiosaurus'' (from el, βράγχιον , 'gill' and el, σαῦρος , 'lizard') is a genus of small, lightly built early prehistoric amphibians. Fossils have been discovered in strata dating from the late Pennsylvanian Epoch to the Permian Period. The taxa may be invalid; the material referred to the genus may be juvenile specimens of larger amphibians. This tiny amphibian was very similar to the Rachitomi, differing primarily in size. Other distinguishing characteristics include a cartilaginous, less ossified skeleton and a shorter skull. Clear traces of gills are present in many fossilized samples, hence the name. Originally thought to have vertebrae distinct from rachitomous vertebrae, it was placed in a separate order named Phyllospondyli ("leaf vertebrae"). Later analysis of growth stages showed increasing ossification in larger specimens, which showed that at least some of the species was the larval stage of much larger rachitomes like '' Eryops'', whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Branchiosaurus Amblystomus Credner
''Branchiosaurus'' (from el, βράγχιον , 'gill' and el, σαῦρος , 'lizard') is a genus of small, lightly built early prehistoric amphibians. Fossils have been discovered in strata dating from the late Pennsylvanian Epoch to the Permian Period. The taxa may be invalid; the material referred to the genus may be juvenile specimens of larger amphibians. This tiny amphibian was very similar to the Rachitomi, differing primarily in size. Other distinguishing characteristics include a cartilaginous, less ossified skeleton and a shorter skull. Clear traces of gills are present in many fossilized samples, hence the name. Originally thought to have vertebrae distinct from rachitomous vertebrae, it was placed in a separate order named Phyllospondyli ("leaf vertebrae"). Later analysis of growth stages showed increasing ossification in larger specimens, which showed that at least some of the species was the larval stage of much larger rachitomes like ''Eryops'', while other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphibamiform
Amphibamiformes is an unranked clade with Dissorophoidea created by Schoch (2018). It encompasses all of the taxa traditionally considered to be "Amphibamidae, amphibamids" (subsequently restricted to ''Doleserpeton, Doleserpeton annectens'' and ''Amphibamus, Amphibamus grandiceps'' by Schoch), Branchiosauridae, branchiosaurids, and hypothetically lissamphibians under the traditional temnospondyl hypothesis of Labyrinthodontia#Origin of modern amphibians, lissamphibian origins. These taxa are typically small-bodied dissorophoids and form the sister group to Olsoniformes, which comprises Dissorophidae, dissorophids and Trematopidae, trematopids. Diagnosis (1) Palatine and ectopterygoid reduced to narrow struts; (2) interpterygoid vacuity greatly expanded laterally; (3) humerus length:waist ratio of 6:10; (4) basioccipital and supraoccipital absent. Definition The most inclusive clade containing ''Amphibamus grandiceps'' but not ''Dissorophus multicinctus''. Phylogeny Simpli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apateon
Apateon is an extinct genus of temnospondyl amphibian within the family Branchiosauridae. Species *†''Apateon caducus'' *†''Apateon dracyi'' *†''Apateon flagrifer'' *†''Apateon gracilis'' *†''Apateon kontheri'' *†''Apateon pedestris'' von Meyer 1840 *†''Apateon umbrosus'' Fossil record Fossils of ''Apateon '' are found in freshwaters strata of Permian of Germany (age range: from 295.0 to 290.1 million years ago.). Description These amphibians could reach a length of about , while the length of the skull could reach . They resembled a salamander and had a laterally flattened tail with a long fin. The body was completely covered with rounded scales. The portion of the skull behind the eyes was quite short. On opposite sides of the head there are three pairs of long, spiral-shaped external gills. They had a weakly ossified skeleton and a wide, short skull, with huge eye holes. The teeth were small and peaked. On the hands are present four fingers.Boy, J.A. (1972): ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Branchiosaurinae
Branchiosaurinae is an extinct subfamily of temnospondyl amphibians, part of the family Branchiosauridae Branchiosauridae is an extinct family of small amphibamiform temnospondyls with external gills and an overall juvenile appearance. The family has been characterized by hundreds of well-preserved specimens from the Permo-Carboniferous of Middle .... It includes all members of Branchiosauridae except '' Tungussogyrinus''. References Carboniferous temnospondyls Permian temnospondyls Branchiosaurids Taxa named by Antonin Fritsch {{Temnospondyli-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tungussogyrinus
''Tungussogyrinus'' is an extinct genus of temnospondyl amphibian in the family Branchiosauridae Branchiosauridae is an extinct family of small amphibamiform temnospondyls with external gills and an overall juvenile appearance. The family has been characterized by hundreds of well-preserved specimens from the Permo-Carboniferous of Middle .... It has been assigned to its own subfamily, Tungussogyrininae. References Branchiosaurids Permian temnospondyls Triassic temnospondyls Fossils of Russia Taxa named by Ivan Yefremov Fossil taxa described in 1939 Prehistoric amphibian genera {{temnospondyli-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schoenfelderpeton
''Schoenfelderpeton'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric amphibian. It is a sister taxon to '' Leptorophus tener''.Nadia B. Fröbisch, Rainer R. Schoch, Testing the Impact of Miniaturization on Phylogeny: Paleozoic Dissorophoid Amphibians, ''Systematic Biology'', Volume 58, Issue 3, June 2009, Pages 312–327, https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syp029 See also * Prehistoric amphibian * List of prehistoric amphibians This list of prehistoric amphibians is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera from the fossil record that have ever been considered to be amphibians, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted g ... References Branchiosaurids Prehistoric amphibian genera {{paleo-amphibian-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melanerpeton
''Melanerpeton'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric amphibian that lived during the Permian approximately 285 million years ago in what would become Europe. References *Werneburg, R. (2007) Timeless design: colored pattern of skin in early Permian 01 or '01 may refer to: * The year 2001, or any year ending with 01 * The month of January * 1 (number) Music * 01'' (Richard Müller album), 2001 * ''01'' (Son of Dave album), 2000 * ''01'' (Urban Zakapa album), 2011 * ''O1'' (Hiroyuki Sawano ... branchiosaurids (Temnospondyli: Dissorophoidea). ''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology'' 27, 1047–1050. *Fossilworks Paleobiological database Branchiosaurids {{Temnospondyli-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wordian
In the geologic timescale, the Wordian is an age or stage of the Permian. It is the middle of three subdivisions of the Guadalupian Epoch or Series. The Wordian lasted between and million years ago (Ma). It was preceded by the Roadian and followed by the Capitanian. Stratigraphy The Wordian Stage was introduced into scientific literature by Johan August Udden in 1916 and was named after the Word Formation of the North American Permian Basin. The Wordian was first used as a stratigraphic subdivision of the Guadalupian in 1961, when both names were still only used regionally in the southern US. The stage was added to the internationally used ISC timescale in 2001.; 1999: ''Proposal of Guadalupian and Component Roadian, Wordian and Capitanian Stages as International Standards for the Middle Permian Series'', Permophiles 34: pp 3–11. The base of the Wordian Stage is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of conodont species ''Jinogondolella aserrata' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synapomorphies
In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to have evolved in their most recent common ancestor. ) In cladistics, synapomorphy implies homology. Examples of apomorphy are the presence of erect gait, fur, the evolution of three middle ear bones, and mammary glands in mammals but not in other vertebrate animals such as amphibians or reptiles, which have retained their ancestral traits of a sprawling gait and lack of fur. Thus, these derived traits are also synapomorphies of mammals in general as they are not shared by other vertebrate animals. Etymology The word —coined by German entomologist Willi Hennig—is derived from the Ancient Greek words (''sún''), meaning "with, together"; (''apó''), meaning "away from"; and (''morphḗ''), meaning "shape, form". Clade ana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
