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Boží Dar
Boží Dar () is a town in Karlovy Vary District in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants. Situated in the Ore Mountains at above sea level, it is considered the highest town in the Czech Republic. The town is part of the Abertamy – Boží Dar Mining Landscape, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of Ore Mountain Mining Region. Administrative division Boží Dar consists of three municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Boží Dar (199) *Ryžovna (1) *Zlatý Kopec (1) Etymology The original German name ''Gottesgab'' and the Czech name Boží Dar both literally means 'Gift of God'. The name is said to have come from the statement of the founder of the village, John Frederick I, in which he described the local silver in this way. Geography Boží Dar is located about north of Karlovy Vary, on the border with Germany. It lies in the Ore Mountains. The highest point is the Božídarský Špičák ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obec
(, ; plural ) is the Czech and Slovak word for a municipality (in the Czech Republic, in Slovakia and abroad). The literal meaning of the word is " commune" or " community". It is the smallest administrative unit that is governed by elected representatives. Cities and towns are also municipalities. Definition The legal definition (according to the Czech code of law with similar definition in the Slovak code of law) is: ''"The municipality is a basic territorial self-governing community of citizens; it forms a territorial unit, which is defined by the boundary of the municipality."'' Every municipality is composed of one or more cadastral areas. Every municipality is also composed of one or more municipal parts (), which are usually town quarters or villages. A municipality can have its own flag and coat of arms. Czech Republic Almost the entire area of the Czech Republic is divided into municipalities, with the only exception being military training areas. The smaller mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karlovy Vary
Karlovy Vary (; , formerly also spelled ''Carlsbad'' in English) is a spa town, spa city in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 49,000 inhabitants. It is located at the confluence of the Ohře and Teplá (river), Teplá rivers. Karlovy Vary is named after Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and the King of Bohemia, who founded the city in the 14th century. The site of numerous hot springs, the city grew into a spa resort in the 19th century and was a popular destination for the European aristocracy and other luminaries. Karlovy Vary's rapid growth was brought to an end by the outbreak of World War I. After the Velvet Revolution in 1989, Karlovy Vary once again became a major tourist destination. Karlovy Vary is the most visited spa town in the Czech Republic. In 2021, the city became part of the transnational UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name "Great Spa Towns of Europe" because of its spas and architecture from the 18th through 20th centuries. The histo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor
Rudolf II (18 July 1552 – 20 January 1612) was Holy Roman Emperor (1576–1612), King of Hungary and Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg), Croatia (as Rudolf I, 1572–1608), King of Bohemia (1575–1608/1611) and Archduke of Austria (1576–1608). He was a member of the House of Habsburg. Rudolf's legacy has traditionally been viewed in three ways:Hotson, 1999. an ineffectual ruler whose mistakes led directly to the Thirty Years' War; a great and influential patron of Northern Mannerism, Northern Mannerist art; and an intellectual devotee of occult arts and learning which helped seed what would be called the Scientific Revolution. Determined to unify Christendom, he initiated the Long Turkish War (1593–1606) with the Ottoman Empire. Exhausted by war, his citizens in Kingdom of Hungary (1526-1867), Hungary revolted in the Bocskai uprising, Bocskai Uprising, which led to more authority being given to his brother Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor, Matthias. Under his reign, there was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Mühlberg
The Battle of Mühlberg took place near Mühlberg in the Electorate of Saxony in 1547, during the Schmalkaldic War. The Catholic princes of the Holy Roman Empire led by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V decisively defeated the Lutheran Schmalkaldic League of Protestant princes under the command of Elector John Frederick I of Saxony and Landgrave Philip I of Hesse. The battle ended the Schmalkaldic war and led to the dissolution of the Schmalkaldic League. Background The spread of the Protestant Reformation in Germany after 1517 represented a major obstacle to the universalistic projects of Charles V, the Habsburg emperor. Attempts at reconciliation between Lutherans and Catholics at the diets of Speyer of 1526 and 1529 had failed, sharpening the mutual opposition between the two sides. The Reformation offered to most independent German states the pretext to affirm their autonomy not only on the religious level, but also on the political one. For some of these small st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schmalkaldic War
The Schmalkaldic War (; July 1546May 1547) was fought within the territories of the Holy Roman Empire between the allied forces of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Maurice, Duke of Saxony against the Lutheran Schmalkaldic League, with the forces directly loyal to Charles fighting under the command of Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba. Background In the course of the Lutheran Reformation numerous Imperial States had adopted the new confession, against the opposition of the ruling Catholic House of Habsburg, who recognised these conversions as a quest for increasing autonomy to the detriment of the Holy Roman Emperor, central Imperial authority. At the 1521 Diet of Worms Emperor Charles V had Martin Luther subjected to an Imperial ban and the dissemination of his writings prohibited. The edicts of the Diet condemned Luther and officially banned citizens of the Holy Roman Empire from defending or propagating his ideas, subjecting advocates of Lutheranism to forfeitur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lands Of The Bohemian Crown
The Lands of the Bohemian Crown were the states in Central Europe during the Middle Ages, medieval and early modern periods with feudalism, feudal obligations to the List of Bohemian monarchs, Bohemian kings. The crown lands primarily consisted of the Kingdom of Bohemia, an Prince-elector, electorate of the Holy Roman Empire according to the Golden Bull of 1356, the Margraviate of Moravia, the duchies of Silesia, and the two Lusatias, known as the Margraviate of Upper Lusatia and the Margraviate of Lower Lusatia, as well as other territories throughout its history. This agglomeration of states nominally under the rule of the Bohemian kings was referred to simply as Bohemia. They are now sometimes referred to in scholarship as the Czech lands, a direct translation of the Czech abbreviated name. The joint rule of ''Corona regni Bohemiae'' was legally established by decree of King Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles IV issued on 7 April 1348, on the foundation of the original Cze ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Habsburg
The House of Habsburg (; ), also known as the House of Austria, was one of the most powerful Dynasty, dynasties in the history of Europe and Western civilization. They were best known for their inbreeding and for ruling vast realms throughout Europe during the Middle Ages and early modern period, including the Holy Roman Empire and Habsburg Spain, Spain. The house takes its name from Habsburg Castle, a fortress built in the 1020s in present-day Switzerland by Radbot of Klettgau, who named his fortress Habsburg. His grandson Otto II, Count of Habsburg, Otto II was the first to take the fortress name as his own, adding "Count of Habsburg" to his title. In 1273, Count Radbot's seventh-generation descendant, Rudolph I of Germany, Rudolph, was elected King of the Romans. Taking advantage of the extinction of the Babenbergs and of his victory over Ottokar II of Bohemia at the Battle on the Marchfeld in 1278, he appointed his sons as Dukes of Austria and moved the family's power base ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horní Blatná
Horní Blatná () is a town in Karlovy Vary District in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants. The town is historically associated with tin mining and is located in the Ore Mountain Mining Region, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone. Geography Horní Blatná is located about north of Karlovy Vary. It lies in the Ore Mountains. The highest point is at above sea level. History The settlement of the area was closely connected with tin mining, the origins of which date back to the end of the 15th century. Horní Blatná was founded as a mining town in 1532. In 1548, it was promoted to a royal mining town by Emperor Ferdinand I and obtained various privileges. The railway was opened in 1898. According to the census of 1921, the town had a population of 2,090 Germans, 14 Czechoslovaks and 58 foreigners. The vast majority of the inhabitants were Roman Catholi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mining Community
A mining community, also known as a mining town or a mining camp, is a community that houses miners. Mining communities are usually created around a mine or a quarry. Historical mining communities Australia * Ballarat, Victoria * Bendigo, Victoria * Kalgoorlie, Western Australia * Menzies, Western Australia Austria-Hungary Austrian Lands * Idrija, today in Slovenia * Eisenerz in Styria * Hall in Tirol in Tyrol * Schwaz in Tyrol Lower Hungarian mining towns *Kremnitz, today Kremnica in Slovakia *Schemnitz, today Banská Štiavnica in Slovakia *Neusohl, today Banská Bystrica in Slovakia *Königsberg, today Nová Baňa in Slovakia *Libethen, today Ľubietová in Slovakia *Pukkanz, today Pukanec in Slovakia *Dilln, today Banská Belá in Slovakia Upper Hungarian mining towns *Göllnitz, today Gelnica in Slovakia *Rosenau, today Rožňava in Slovakia *Zipser Neudorf, today Spišská Nová Ves in Slovakia *Schmöllnitz, today Smolník in Slovakia *Jossau, to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tin Mining
Tin mining began early in the Bronze Age, as bronze is a copper-tin alloy. Tin is a relatively rare element in the Earth's crust, with approximately 2 ppm (parts per million), compared to iron with 50,000 ppm. History Tin extraction and use can be dated to the beginnings of the Bronze Age around 3000 BC, when it was observed that copper objects formed of polymetallic ores with different metal contents had different physical properties. The earliest bronze objects had tin or arsenic content of less than 2% and are therefore believed to be the result of unintentional alloying due to trace metal content in the copper ore It was soon discovered that the addition of tin or arsenic to copper increased its hardness and made casting much easier, which revolutionized metal working techniques and brought humanity from the Copper Age or Chalcolithic to the Bronze Age around 3000 BC. Early tin exploitation appears to have been centered on placer deposits of cassiterite. The first eviden ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silver Mining
Silver mining is the extraction of silver by mining. Silver is a precious metal and holds high economic value. Because silver is often found in intimate combination with other metals, its extraction requires the use of complex technologies. In 2008, approximately 25,900 metric tons of silver were consumed worldwide, most of which came from mining. Silver mining has a variety of effects on the environment, humans, and animals. Silver sources Silver-bearing ore typically contains very little silver, with much higher percentages of copper and lead. Specific minerals include argentite (Ag2 S), chlorargyrite ("horn silver," Ag Cl), polybasite (Ag, Cu)16Sb2S11), and proustite (Ag3AsS3). Silver mainly occurs as a contaminant in chalcopyrite and galena, important ores of copper and lead, respectively.Kassianidou, V. 2003. Early Extraction of Silver from Complex Polymetallic Ores, in Craddock, P.T. and Lang, J (eds) Mining and Metal production through the Ages. London, British ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barony Of Schwarzenberg
The Barony of Schwarzenberg () was a domain that emerged in the middle of the 12th century in the Saxon Ore Mountains in central Europe. It continued to exist following its acquisition by John Frederick the Magnanimous in 1533 as an administrative unit of the Electorate of Saxony under the name of Amt Schwarzenberg and acted as the regional focal point, until the end of the Saxon '' Amt'' constitution, for the collection of baronial contributions and coordination of socage, for law and order and military service. Geography The barony was bordered by the Vogtland region to the east, and extended south into the forests on the ridge of the Western Ore Mountains from the Auersberg mountain to the Fichtelberg, and was bounded by the rivers Schwarzwasser, Pöhlwasser and Große Mittweida. To the south, it was bounded by the watershed. The centre of the territory was the Fort of Schwarzenberg, first mentioned in 1212 as a ''castrum''. Sources * Walter Fröbe: ''Herrschaft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
