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Botetourt Medal
The Botetourt Medal is an academic award and medal annually presented by the College of William & Mary to the most academically distinguished undergraduate student at the college. The award's namesake, Norborne Berkeley, 4th Baron Botetourt, then the colonial governor of Virginia, first announced the medal in 1770 as an award to two students each year. It was first awarded from 1772 until the American Revolution ended the practice in 1775. It was revived as the Lord Botetourt Medal in 1941 through an endowment by Norborne Berkely, who was named for and a descendant of the colonial governor. It has been awarded annually on Commencement Day in May. The medal was the second academic prize medal in what is now the United States, and the first such award to be struck. The dies used for these medals were engraved by Thomas Pingo, an engraver at the Royal Mint. The obverse depicts King George III, with the reverse depicting James Blair receiving the college's charter from King Willi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norborne Berkeley, 4th Baron Botetourt
Norborne Berkeley, 4th Baron Botetourt ( – 15 October 1770) was a British Tory politician and colonial administrator who served as the governor of Virginia from 1768 to 1770, when he died in office. While serving as rector at the College of William & Mary, Berkeley endowed the creation of the Botetourt Medal, an award to incentivize student scholarship. After his death, the Virginia General Assembly commissioned Richard Hayward to produce '' Lord Botetourt'', a marble statue depicting Berkeley that stood in the Capitol in Williamsburg. The original survives on the campus of the college, while a replica stands in front of the college's Wren Building. Origins Norborne Berkeley was born about 1717, the only son of John Symes Berkeley of Stoke Gifford, Gloucestershire by his second wife Elizabeth Norborne, a daughter and co-heiress of Walter Norborne of Calne, Wiltshire and the widow of Edward Devereux, 8th Viscount Hereford. The Berkeleys of Stoke Gifford were desce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early American Currency
Early American currency went through several stages of development during the colonial and post-Revolutionary history of the United States. John Hull (merchant), John Hull was authorized by the Massachusetts legislature to make the earliest coinage of the colony (the willow, the oak, and the pine tree shilling) in 1652. Because few coins were minted in the Thirteen Colonies, which later became the United Colonies and then the United States, foreign coins like the Spanish dollar were widely circulated. Colonial history of the United States, Colonial governments, at times, issued paper money to facilitate economic activities. The Parliament of Great Britain passed Currency Act, currency acts in 1751, 1764, and 1773 to regulate colonial paper money. During the American Revolutionary War, the colonies became independent states. No longer subject to monetary regulations of the British Parliament, the states began to issue paper money to pay for Military expenditure, military expenses. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rector (academia)
A rector (Latin language, Latin for 'ruler') is a senior official in an educational institution, and can refer to an official in either a university or a secondary school. Outside the English-speaking world, the rector is often the most senior official in a university, while in the United States, the equivalent is often referred to as the President (education), president, and in the United Kingdom and Commonwealth of Nations, the equivalent is the Vice-chancellor (education), vice-chancellor. The term and office of a rector can be referred to as a rectorate. The title is used widely in universities in EuropeEuropean nations where the word ''rector'' or a cognate thereof (''rektor'', ''recteur'', etc.) is used in referring to university administrators include Albania, Austria, Benelux, the Benelux, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Malta, Moldova, North Macedonia, Poland, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Burgesses
The House of Burgesses () was the lower house of the Virginia General Assembly from 1619 to 1776. It existed during the colonial history of the United States in the Colony of Virginia in what was then British America. From 1642 to 1776, the House of Burgesses was an important feature of Virginian politics, alongside the Crown-appointed colonial governor and the Virginia Governor's Council, the upper house of the General Assembly. When Virginia declared its independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain during the Fifth Virginia Convention in 1776 and became the independent Commonwealth of Virginia, the House of Burgesses was transformed into the House of Delegates, which continues to serve as the lower house of the General Assembly. Title ''Burgess'' originally referred to a freeman of a borough, a self-governing town or settlement in England. History Founding The Colony of Virginia was founded by a joint-stock company, the Virginia Company, as a private venture, though ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colony Of Virginia
The Colony of Virginia was a British Empire, British colonial settlement in North America from 1606 to 1776. The first effort to create an English settlement in the area was chartered in 1584 and established in 1585; the resulting Roanoke Colony lasted for three attempts totaling six years. In 1590, the colony was abandoned. But nearly 20 years later, the colony was re-settled at Jamestown, Virginia, Jamestown, not far north of the original site. A second charter was issued in 1606 and settled in 1607, becoming the first enduring English colonial empire, English colony in North America. It followed failed attempts at settlement on Newfoundland (island), Newfoundland by Sir Humphrey GilbertGilbert (Saunders Family), Sir Humphrey" (history), ''Dictionary of Canadian Biography'' Online, University of Toronto, May 2, 2005 in 1583 and the Roanoke Colony (in modern eastern North Carolina) by Sir Walter Raleigh in the late 1580s. The founder of the Jamestown colony was the Virginia Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norborne Berkeley Baron De Botetourt (cropped)
Norborne may refer to: * Norborne, Missouri, United States * Walter Norborne (died 1659), English MP * Walter Norborne (died 1684), English MP See also * Norborne Berkeley (other) * Norbourne Estates, Kentucky suburb of Louisville, Kentucky, known as Norbourne {{disambiguation, surname ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Numismatics
Numismatics is the study or collection of currency, including coins, tokens, paper money, medals, and related objects. Specialists, known as numismatists, are often characterized as students or collectors of coins, but the discipline also includes the broader study of money and other means of payment used to resolve debts and exchange good (economics), goods. The earliest forms of money used by people are categorised by collectors as "odd and curious", but the use of other goods in barter exchange is excluded, even where used as a circulating currency (e.g., cigarettes or instant noodles in prison). As an example, the Kyrgyz people used horses as the principal currency unit, and gave small change in sheepskin, lambskins; the lambskins may be suitable for numismatic study, but the horses are not. Many objects have been used for centuries, such as Cowry, cowry shells, precious metals, Cocoa beans#History, cocoa beans, Rai stones, large stones, and Gemstone, gems. Etymology Firs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Charter
A royal charter is a formal grant issued by a monarch under royal prerogative as letters patent. Historically, they have been used to promulgate public laws, the most famous example being the English Magna Carta (great charter) of 1215, but since the 14th century have only been used in place of private acts to grant a right or power to an individual or a body corporate. They were, and are still, used to establish significant organisations such as boroughs (with municipal charters), university, universities, and learned society, learned societies. Charters should be distinguished from royal warrant of appointment, royal warrants of appointment, grant of arms, grants of arms, and other forms of letters patent, such as those granting an organisation the right to use the word "royal" in their name or granting city status in the United Kingdom, city status, which do not have legislative effect. The British monarchy list of organisations in the United Kingdom with a royal charter, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Presidents Of The College Of William & Mary
This is a list of the presidents of the College of William & Mary in Virginia, a public university located in Williamsburg, Virginia. List References {{DEFAULTSORT:List of presidents of the College of William and Mary Presidents of the College of William & Mary, Lists of people by university or college in Virginia, College of William and Mary presidents Lists of university and college leaders, William And Mary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William And Mary Quarterly
The ''William and Mary Quarterly'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed history journal published by the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture. The journal originated in 1892, making it one of the oldest academic journals in the United States. It covers Old World–New World contacts to about 1820. Geographically, it focuses on North America—from New France and the Spanish American borderlands to British America and the Caribbean—and extends to Europe and West Africa. The journal is named after the College of William and Mary where it was established in 1892. It has been published in three successive series, with volume numbers repeating with each new series. The journal's first series of 27 volumes ran from 1892 to 1919. The second series began in 1921 and ended in 1943, while the third series began in 1944 and runs through the present day. The journal is available online through the JSTOR JSTOR ( ; short for ''Journal Storage'') is a digital library of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The American Journal Of Numismatics
The American Numismatic Society (ANS) is a New York City-based organization dedicated to the study of coins, money, medals, tokens, and related objects. Founded in 1858, it is the only American museum devoted exclusively to their preservation and study. Its collection encompasses nearly one million items, including medals and paper money, as well as the world's most comprehensive library of numismatic literature. The current president of the society, Dr. Ute Wartenberg, served as the executive director for two decades and was succeeded in this role by Dr. Gilles Bransbourg. Introduction The American Numismatic Society is an organization dedicated to the study of coins, currency, medals, tokens, and related objects from all cultures, past and present. The society's headquarters in New York City houses the foremost research collection and library specialized in numismatics in the United States. These resources are used to support research and education in numismatics for the be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laureate
In English, the word laureate has come to signify eminence or association with literary awards or Military awards and decorations, military glory. It is also used for recipients of the Nobel Prize, the Gandhi Peace Award, the Student Peace Prize, and for former music directors of orchestras who retain some level of involvement. History In ancient Greece, the Bay Laurel, laurel (''Laurus nobilis'') was sacred to Apollo, and as such, sprigs of it were fashioned into a crown or Laurel wreath, wreath of honor for poets and heroes. This symbolism has been widespread ever since. "Laureate letters" in old times meant the dispatches announcing a victory; and the epithet was given, even officially (e.g. to John Skelton (poet), John Skelton) by universities, to distinguished poets. The name of "bacca-laureate" for a bachelor's degree shows a confusion with a supposed etymology from Latin bacca lauri (the laurel berry), which, though incorrect, involves the same idea. From the more gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
