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Bonitasaura
''Bonitasaura'' is a titanosaurian dinosaur hailing from uppermost layers of the Late Cretaceous (Santonian) Bajo de la Carpa Formation, Neuquén Group of the eastern Neuquén Basin, located in Río Negro Province, Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. The remains, consisting of a partial sub-adult skeleton jumbled in a small area of fluvial sandstone, including lower jaw with teeth, partial vertebrae series and limb bones, were described by Sebastian Apesteguía in 2004. The genus name ''Bonitasaura'' refers to the fossil quarry's name, "La Bonita", while the name of the type species, ''B. salgadoi'', pays homage to Leonardo Salgado, a renowned Argentine paleontologist.Gallina, P. A. (2011)Notes on the axial skeleton of the titanosaur Bonitasaura salgadoi (Dinosauria-Sauropoda).''Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências'', ''83''(1), 235-246. Description ''Bonitasaura'' measured in length, and had a skull similar to another group of sauropods, the diplodocids. The lower jaw h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bonitasaura Head
''Bonitasaura'' is a titanosaurian dinosaur hailing from uppermost layers of the Late Cretaceous (Santonian) Bajo de la Carpa Formation, Neuquén Group of the eastern Neuquén Basin, located in Río Negro Province, Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. The remains, consisting of a partial sub-adult skeleton jumbled in a small area of fluvial sandstone, including lower jaw with teeth, partial vertebrae series and limb bones, were described by Sebastian Apesteguía in 2004. The genus name ''Bonitasaura'' refers to the fossil quarry's name, "La Bonita", while the name of the type species, ''B. salgadoi'', pays homage to Leonardo Salgado, a renowned Argentine paleontologist.Gallina, P. A. (2011)Notes on the axial skeleton of the titanosaur Bonitasaura salgadoi (Dinosauria-Sauropoda).''Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências'', ''83''(1), 235-246. Description ''Bonitasaura'' measured in length, and had a skull similar to another group of sauropods, the diplodocids. The lower jaw ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bonitasaura Salgadoi Skeletal
''Bonitasaura'' is a titanosaurian dinosaur hailing from uppermost layers of the Late Cretaceous (Santonian) Bajo de la Carpa Formation, Neuquén Group of the eastern Neuquén Basin, located in Río Negro Province, Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. The remains, consisting of a partial sub-adult skeleton jumbled in a small area of fluvial sandstone, including lower jaw with teeth, partial vertebrae series and limb bones, were described by Sebastian Apesteguía in 2004. The genus name ''Bonitasaura'' refers to the fossil quarry's name, "La Bonita", while the name of the type species, ''B. salgadoi'', pays homage to Leonardo Salgado, a renowned Argentine paleontologist.Gallina, P. A. (2011)Notes on the axial skeleton of the titanosaur Bonitasaura salgadoi (Dinosauria-Sauropoda).''Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências'', ''83''(1), 235-246. Description ''Bonitasaura'' measured in length, and had a skull similar to another group of sauropods, the diplodocids. The lower j ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titanosauria
Titanosaurs (or titanosaurians; members of the group Titanosauria) were a diverse group of sauropod dinosaurs, including genera from all seven continents. The titanosaurs were the last surviving group of long-necked sauropods, with taxa still thriving at the time of the extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous. This group includes some of the largest land animals known to have ever existed, such as ''Patagotitan''—estimated at long with a weight of —and the comparably-sized ''Argentinosaurus'' and ''Puertasaurus'' from the same region. The group's name alludes to the mythological Titans of ancient Greek mythology, via the type genus (now considered a ''nomen dubium)'' '' Titanosaurus''. Together with the brachiosaurids and relatives, titanosaurs make up the larger sauropod clade Titanosauriformes. Titanosaurs have long been a poorly-known group, and the relationships between titanosaur species are still not well-understood. Description Titanosauria have the largest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nemegtosauridae
Nemegtosauridae is a family of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaurs based on their diplodocid-like skulls. Only three species are known: ''Nemegtosaurus'', ''Quaesitosaurus'' and possibly ''Tapuiasaurus'', each from the Cretaceous. History of classification Due to the diplodocid-like nature of the taxa placed in Nemegtosauridae, the systematic position of this family in Sauropoda was disputed until recently. McIntosh (1990) included both these animals in the family Diplodocidae, subfamily Dicraeosaurinae, as they resemble the skull of ''Dicraeosaurus'', although differing in certain details. Although the skull of ''Nemegtosaurus'' was found in the same formation as the headless skeleton of ''Opisthocoelicaudia'', McIntosh (1990) kept ''Nemegtosaurus'' in Diplodocoidea while keeping ''Opisthocoelicaudia'' separate from the former, a position reiterated by Upchurch (1995, 1999), and Upchurch et al. (2004). A cladistic analysis published in 2002 transferred ''Nemegtosaurus'' and ''Opist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antarctosaurus
''Antarctosaurus'' (; meaning "southern lizard") is a genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now South America. The type species, ''Antarctosaurus wichmannianus'', and a second species, ''Antarctosaurus giganteus,'' were described by prolific German paleontologist Friedrich von Huene in 1929. Three additional species of ''Antarctosaurus'' have been named since then but later studies have considered them dubious or unlikely to pertain to the genus''.'' The type species, ''A. wichmannianus'', is controversial because there is uncertainty as to whether all the described remains belong to the same individual or even genus. The second species'', A. giganteus,'' is considered dubious, but the fragmentary remains represent one of the largest dinosaurs known. Discovery and species Remains of this dinosaur were first mentioned in print in 1916, although they were not fully described and named until a 1929 monograph written by paleontologi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colossosaurian
Colossosauria is a clade of titanosaur sauropods from the latest Early Cretaceous through the Late Cretaceous of South America. The group was originally named by Bernardo González-Riga ''et al.'' in 2019 and defined as the "most inclusive clade containing ''Mendozasaurus neguyelap'' but not ''Saltasaurus loricatus'' or ''Epachthosaurus sciuttoi''". The clade contains different taxa depending on the phylogenetic analysis used, in the defining paper the only subgroups were Rinconsauria and Lognkosauria, but alternate phylogenies published previously had also included various similar titanosaurs such as ''Aeolosaurus'', ''Bonitasaura'', ''Drusilasaura'', ''Overosaurus'' and ''Quetecsaurus''. The phylogenetic analysis of González-Riga ''et al.'' (2019) placed Colossosauria as sister taxa to '' Epachthosaurus'', ''Pitekunsaurus'' and a larger clade including Saltasauridae. Due to the labile position of ''Epachthosaurus'' in titanosaur phylogeny, Carballido and colleagues proposed a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bajo De La Carpa Formation
The Bajo de la Carpa Formation is a geologic formation of the Neuquén Basin that crops out in northern Patagonia, in the provinces of Río Negro and Neuquén, Argentina. It is the oldest of two formations belonging to the Río Colorado Subgroup within the Neuquén Group. Formerly, that subgroup was treated as a formation, and the Bajo de la Carpa Formation was known as the Bajo de la Carpa Member.Sánchez ''et al.'', 2006 At its base, this formation conformably overlies the Plottier Formation of the older Río Neuquén Subgroup, and it is in turn overlain by the Anacleto Formation, the youngest and uppermost formation of the Neuquén Group. The Bajo de la Carpa Formation can reach in thickness in some locations, and consists mainly of sandstones of various colors, all of fluvial origin, with thin layers of mudstone and siltstone in between. Geological features such as geodes, chemical nodules, impressions of raindrops, and paleosols (fossil soils) are commonly found in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chucarosaurus
''Chucarosaurus'' (meaning "indomitable reptile") is an extinct genus of titanosaurian dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous (middle Cenomanian–lower Turonian) Huincul Formation of Argentina. The genus contains a single species, ''C. diripienda'', known from various limb bones. Discovery and naming The ''Chucarosaurus'' holotype specimen, MPCA PV 820, was discovered in sediments of the Huincul Formation, dated to the middle Cenomanian–lower Turonian ages of the late Cretaceous period, at Pueblo Blanco Natural Reserve in Río Negro Province, Argentina. The specimen consists of a complete left humerus, partial left radius, complete left metacarpal II, left ischium, partial left femur and fibula, partial right tibia, and partial indeterminate metapodial, all of which belong to one individual. An additional specimen (MPCA PV 821), consisting of a left femur and tibia, was also referred as a paratype. In 2023, Agnolin ''et al''. described ''Chucarosaurus diripienda'', a new ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aeolosaurini
Aeolosaurini is an extinct clade of titanosaurian dinosaurs known from the Cretaceous period of Argentina and Brazil. Rodrigo M. Santucci and Antonio C. de Arruda-Campos (2011) in their cladistic analysis found ''Aeolosaurus'', ''Gondwanatitan'', '' Maxakalisaurus'', '' Panamericansaurus'' and '' Rinconsaurus'' to be aeolosaurids. Aeolosaurini is characterized by several synapomorphies of the caudal vertebrae, such as angled centra, elongate prezygapophyses, and neural arches shifted anteriorly relative to the centra. In life, their tails may have been strongly curved downward as a result of these traits, which may have increased the force exerted by the caudofemoralis longus muscle in retracting the hindlimb. Some aeolosaurins, such as ''Shingopana'' and ''Overosaurus'', were relatively small compared to other titanosaurs, whereas others, such as ''Aeolosaurus maximus'', were large. Phylogeny Aeolosaurini was defined by Franco-Rosas, Salgado, Rosas and Carvalho (2004) as the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lognkosauria
Lognkosauria is a clade of giant long-necked sauropod dinosaurs within the clade Titanosauria. It includes some of the largest and heaviest dinosaurs known. Description Lognkosaurians can be distinguished from other titanosaurs by the wide and unusually thick cervical rib loops on their neck vertebrae, their extremely robust neck neural spines, the relatively narrow neural canal, and their huge vaulted neural arches. They also had very wide dorsal vertebrae with wing-like side processes, and extremely wide rib cages. Their dorsal side processes are also fairly in-line with the level of the neural canal, instead of being attached further up the neural arch as in lithostrotians. Skull material from ''Malawisaurus'', the sister taxon to Lognkosauria, indicates that lognkosaurians at least began with the big-nosed, rounded head shape of earlier titanosaurs and more basal macronarians. Classification Lognkosauria was defined as the clade encompassing the most recent common ancestor o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chimera (paleontology)
In paleontology, a chimera is a fossil that was reconstructed with elements coming from more than a single species or genus of animal. In other words they are mistakes or sometimes hoaxes made by paleontologists, putting together parts that do not come from the same organism. A now classic example of chimera is ''Protoavis''. List of paleontological chimeras * Archaeoraptor * ''Dalianraptor''? * ''Lametasaurus''? * ''Protoavis'' * Piltdown Man * ''Ultrasauros'' * ''Ornithopsis hulkei'' * Teihivenator * ''Dakotaraptor''? * ''Avalonianus'' * ''Kootenichela''? * ''Polacanthoides ''Polacanthoides'' (meaning ''Polacanthus like'') is an extinct genus of nodosauridae, nodosaurid dinosaur from Europe. It lived about 140 to 135 million years ago in what is now England. It was named by Nopsca in 1928. The type specimen is BMNH ...''?Nopcsa, F. (1928), "Palaeontological notes on reptiles." Geologica Hungarica, Series Palaeontologica, tomus, 1, -Pasc. 1, p. 1-84 References {{pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rebbachisauridae
Rebbachisauridae is a family of sauropod dinosaurs known from fragmentary fossil remains from the Cretaceous of South America, Africa, North America, Europe and possibly Central Asia. Taxonomy In 1990 sauropod specialist Jack McIntosh included the first known rebbachisaurid genus, the giant North African sauropod ''Rebbachisaurus'', in the family Diplodocidae, subfamily Dicraeosaurinae, on the basis of skeletal details. With the discovery in subsequent years of a number of additional genera, it was realised that ''Rebbachisaurus'' and its relatives constituted a distinct group of dinosaurs. In 1997 the Argentine paleontologist José Bonaparte described the family Rebbachisauridae, and in 2011 Whitlock defined two new subfamilies within the group: Nigersaurinae and Limaysaurinae. The cladogram of the Rebbachisauridae according to Carballido ''et al.'' (2012) is shown below: Cladogram after Fanti ''et al.'', 2015. Evolutionary relationships and characteristics Although a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
