Boltonia (plant)
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Boltonia (plant)
''Boltonia'' is a genus of plants in the family Asteraceae native primarily to North America with one species in eastern Asia. Species ''Boltonia'' contains 7 species. * ''Boltonia apalachicolensis'' - Apalachicola doll's daisy - Florida Panhandle * ''Boltonia asteroides'' - white doll's daisy - USA (primarily Great Plains + Mississippi Valley, w scattered locations in eastern + northwestern US); Saskatchewan, Manitoba * ''Boltonia caroliniana'' - Carolina doll's daisy - North Carolina, North + South Carolina, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, Virginia * ''Boltonia decurrens'' - claspingleaf doll's daisy, decurrent false aster - Illinois, Missouri, Iowa * ''Boltonia diffusa'' - smallhead doll's daisy - United States (Southeastern United States, Southeast + Lower Mississippi Valley) * ''Boltonia lautureana'' - Japan, Korea, China, Russia (Primorye, Khabarovsk, Amur Oblast, Irkutsk, Zabaykalsky Krai) * ''Boltonia montana'' - Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Virginia References

Aster ...
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Boltonia Asteroides
''Boltonia asteroides'', the white doll's daisy, false chamomile, or false aster, is a species of plant native to the United States and Canada. It is found primarily in the Mississippi Valley and Great Plains from Saskatchewan south to Texas and Florida, with isolated populations in the eastern United States. Reports of the species in New England, New York (state), New York, and the Pacific Northwest appear to be introductions. ''Boltonia asteroides'' is a robust, 16″ to 78″ tall (40.6cm to 198.1cm), perennial. It spreads by stolons (horizontal stems running along the surface of the ground). It has many daisy-like flower heads with white or lavender ray florets and yellow disc florets. The species is sometimes cultivated as an ornamental plant because of its attractive flowers.Alfred PinGardening for the Million./ref> ;Varieties * ''Boltonia asteroides'' var. ''asteroides'' - coastal regions * ''Boltonia asteroides'' var. ''latisquama'' (A.Gray) Cronquist - Great Plains, Mi ...
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Boltonia Decurrens
''Boltonia decurrens'' is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names decurrent false aster and claspingleaf doll's daisy. It is native to the floodplains along the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers in the United States, where the habitat has been drastically altered, leading to its decline. The plant was once distributed across 400 kilometers of riverside forest from LaSalle, Illinois, to St. Louis, Missouri. As the rivers and riparian habitat alongside them have been developed, the plant's distribution has been fragmented into 40 to 43 separate populations. At one point it was thought to have been extirpated from Missouri, but a few populations have been located near St. Louis since the mid-1980s.Center for Plant Conservation
Despite having decli ...
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Zabaykalsky Krai
Zabaykalsky Krai is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the Russian Far East. Its administrative center is Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai, Chita. As of the Russian Census (2010), 2010 Census, the population was 1,107,107. The krai was created on 1 March 2008, as a result of a merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug after a referendum held on the issue on 11 March 2007. In 2018, the krai became part of the Far Eastern Federal District. Geography The krai is located within the historical region of Transbaikalia (Dauria) and has extensive international borders with China (Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang) (998 km) and Mongolia (Dornod Province, Khentii Province and Selenge Province) (868 km); its internal borders are with Irkutsk Oblast and Amur Oblast, as well as with Buryatia and the Sakha Republic. The Khentei-Daur Highlands are located at the southwestern end. The Ivan-Arakhley Lake System is a group of lakes lying wes ...
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Irkutsk
Irkutsk ( ; rus, Иркутск, p=ɪrˈkutsk; Buryat language, Buryat and , ''Erhüü'', ) is the largest city and administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. With a population of 587,891 Irkutsk is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, 25th-largest city in Russia by population, the fifth-largest in the Siberian Federal District, and one of the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia, cities in Siberia. Located in the south of the eponymous oblast, the city proper lies on the Angara River, a tributary of the Yenisei River, Yenisei, about 850 kilometres (530 mi) to the south-east of Krasnoyarsk and about 520 kilometres (320 mi) north of Ulaanbaatar. The Trans-Siberian Highway (Federal M53 and M55 Highways) and Trans-Siberian Railway connect Irkutsk to other regions in Russia and Mongolia. Many distinguished Russians were sent into exile in Irkutsk for their part in the Decembrist revolt of 1825, and the city became an exile-post for the ...
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Amur Oblast
Amur Oblast () is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located on the banks of the Amur and Zeya rivers in the Russian Far East. The oblast borders Heilongjiang province of the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the south. The administrative center of the oblast, the city of Blagoveshchensk, is one of the oldest settlements in the far east of the country, founded in 1856. It is a traditional center of trade and gold mining. The territory is accessed by two railways: the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal–Amur Mainline. As of the 2021 Census, the oblast's population was 766,912. Names ''Amur Krai'' () or ''Priamurye'' ( 'Circum-Amur') were unofficial names for the Russian territories by the Amur River used in the late Russian Empire that approximately correspond to modern Amur Oblast. Geography Amur Oblast is located in the southeast of Russia, between Stanovoy Range in the north and the Amur River in the south, and borders with the Sakha Republic in the nort ...
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Khabarovsk
Khabarovsk ( ) is the largest city and the administrative centre of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia,Law #109 located from the China–Russia border, at the confluence of the Amur and Ussuri Rivers, about north of Vladivostok. As of the 2021 Russian census, it had a population of 617,441. It was known as ''Khabarovka'' until 1893. The city was the administrative center of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia from 2002 until December 2018, when the status was given to Vladivostok. As is typical of the interior of the Russian Far East, Khabarovsk has an extreme climate with strong seasonal swings resulting in strong, cold winters and relatively hot and humid summers. History Earliest record Historical records indicate that a city was founded on the site in the eighth century. The Tungusic peoples are indigenous to the city's vicinity. The city was named ( zh, t= 伯力, p=Bólì, labels=no) in Chinese when it was part of the Chinese empire. During the Tang dynasty, Boli was th ...
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Primorye
Primorsky Krai, informally known as Primorye, is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia, part of the Far Eastern Federal District in the Russian Far East. The city of Vladivostok on the southern coast of the krai is its administrative center, and the second largest city in the Russian Far East, behind Khabarovsk in the neighbouring Khabarovsk Krai. Primorsky Krai has the largest economy among the federal subjects in the Russian Far East, and a population of 1,845,165 as of the 2021 Census. The krai has Russia's only border with North Korea, along the Tumen River in Khasansky District in the southwestern corner of the krai. Peter the Great Gulf, the largest gulf in the Sea of Japan, is on the south coast. The territory of the krai was historically part of Manchuria. It was ceded to the Russian Empire by Qing China in 1860 as part of a region known as Outer Manchuria, forming most of the territory of Primorskaya Oblast. As a result, China permanently lost its coastline w ...
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Korea
Korea is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula, Jeju Island, and smaller islands. Since the end of World War II in 1945, it has been politically Division of Korea, divided at or near the 38th parallel north, 38th parallel between North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea; DPRK) and South Korea (Republic of Korea; ROK). Both countries proclaimed independence in 1948, and the two countries fought the Korean War from 1950 to 1953. The region is bordered by China to the north and Russia to the northeast, across the Yalu River, Amnok (Yalu) and Tumen River, Duman (Tumen) rivers, and is separated from Japan to the southeast by the Korea Strait. Known human habitation of the Korean peninsula dates to 40,000 BC. The kingdom of Gojoseon, which according to tradition was founded in 2333 BC, fell to the Han dynasty in 108 BC. It was followed by the Three Kingdoms of Korea, Three Kingdoms period, in which Korea was divided into Goguryeo, Baekje, a ...
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Boltonia Lautureana
''Boltonia lautureana '' is an East Asian species of plants in the family Asteraceae. It is native to China, Japan, Korea, and Asiatic Russia. ''Boltonia lautureana '' is a plant up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall. It has many daisy-like flower heads with blue ray florets and yellow disc floret Asteraceae () is a large family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. The number of species in Asteraceae is rivaled only by the Orchidaceae, and which is the larger fa ...s.Debeaux, Jean Odon 1877. Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux 31: 215-216
description in Latin, commentary in French


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Lower Mississippi Valley
The Mississippi River Alluvial Plain is an alluvial plain created by the Mississippi River on which lie parts of seven U.S. states, from southern Louisiana to southern Illinois (Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, Louisiana). The plain is divided into (a) the Mississippi River Delta in the southern half of Louisiana and (b) the upper Mississippi Embayment running from central Louisiana to Illinois. The term "Mississippi embayment" is sometimes used more narrowly to refer to its section on the western side of the river, running through eastern Arkansas, southeastern Missouri, westernmost Tennessee (east side of the River), westernmost Kentucky (east side of the River) and southernmost Illinois, and excluding northwest Mississippi where the alluvial plain is known as the Mississippi Delta. Most of the alluvium in the lower Mississippi valley is thought to be sourced from the west.Steponaitis, Vincas P., et al. “Large-Scale Patterns in the Chemic ...
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Southeastern United States
The Southeastern United States, also known as the American Southeast or simply the Southeast, is a geographical List of regions in the United States, region of the United States located in the eastern portion of the Southern United States and the southern portion of the East Coast of the United States, Eastern United States. The region includes a core of states that reaches north to Maryland and West Virginia, bordering the Ohio River and Mason–Dixon line, and stretches west to Arkansas and Louisiana. There is no official Federal government of the United States, U.S. government definition for the region, and it is defined variably among agencies and organizations. History The history of the present-day Southeastern United States dates to the dawn of civilization in approximately 11,000 BC or 13,000 BC. The earliest artifacts from the region were from the Clovis culture. Prior to the arrival of Colonial history of the United States, European colonialists, Native Americans in ...
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Boltonia Diffusa
''Boltonia diffusa'', the smallhead doll's daisy, is a North American species of plants in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the United States, primarily the states along the Gulf of Mexico from Texas to Florida plus the lower Mississippi Valley from Louisiana to Illinois. There additional populations in the eastern United States as far north as Virginia. ''Boltonia diffusa'' is a small perennial rarely more than 20 cm (8 inches) high. It spreads by stolons (horizontal stems running along the surface of the ground). It has many daisy-like flower heads with white or lavender ray florets and yellow disc florets. ;Varieties * ''Boltonia diffusa'' var. ''diffusa'' - coastal regions and Mississippi Valley * ''Boltonia diffusa'' var. ''interior'' Fernald & Griscom - Mississippi Valley The Mississippi River is the main stem, primary river of the largest drainage basin in the United States. It is the second-longest river in the United States, behind only the Missouri R ...
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