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Bolesław Szymański (politician)
Bolesław Szymański (1877 - 1940) was a local government politician who served as mayor of Białystok from 1919 to 1928. Biography He was born in Białystok and spent his childhood at 30 Starobojarska street in the Bojary district of the city. In 1905, he got involved in the organization of the Muza Society and performs in a staging of ''Pan Tadeusz'' and in 1908 he worked for one year as a teach at the School of Commerce. After that he left with his wife to Smolensk, and then to Livny, Oryol Governorate, working as an official and banker. In 1915 returned to Białystok, and was mobilized into the Tsarist army and returned to Białystok at the turn of 1918 and 1919. Following the regaining of independence and the establishment of the Second Polish Republic he occupied the prominent position of deputy government commissioner of the eastern territories. On 15 October 1919, he was elected by the Białystok City Council as the mayor following the first local election to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3 May Constitution Day
3 May Constitution Day (also ''Third May National Holiday''; ) is a Polish national and public holiday. It celebrates the declaration of the Constitution of 3 May 1791—the first modern constitution in Europe. Festivities date back to the Duchy of Warsaw early in the 19th century, but it became an official holiday only in 1919 in the Second Polish Republic. Delisted during the Polish People's Republic, it was reestablished after the fall of communism in modern Poland. Background The Constitution of 3 May 1791 is considered one of the most important achievements in the history of Poland, despite being in effect for only a year, until the Russo-Polish War of 1792. Historian Norman Davies calls it "the first constitution of its type in Europe"; other scholars also refer to it as the world's second oldest constitution. The 3 May Constitution was designed to redress long-standing political defects of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Constitution sought to supplant the exi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Białystok City Council
The Białystok City Council () is the governing body of the city of Białystok in Poland. The council has 28 elected members elected every five years in an election by city voters through a secret ballot. The election of city council and the local head of government, which takes place at the same time, is based on legislation introduced on 20 June 2002. History The first independent city parliament in the city was formed with the regaining of independence from the Russian Empire and the establishment of the Polish Second Republic. In May 1939, at the 1938–39 Polish local elections 48 deputies were elected to the Białystok City Council under the following division: PPS and class trade unions - 6, Bund and class trade unions - 10, Jewish Democratic Bloc ( - 3, General Jewish Bloc () - 3, Christian National-Economic Electoral Committee - 21, National Party National Party or Nationalist Party may refer to: Active parties * National Party of Australia, commonly known as ''The Na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mayors Of Białystok
In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well as the means by which a mayor is elected or otherwise mandated. Depending on the system chosen, a mayor may be the chief executive officer of the municipal government, may simply chair a multi-member governing body with little or no independent power, or may play a solely ceremonial role. A mayor's duties and responsibilities may be to appoint and oversee municipal managers and employees, provide basic governmental services to constituents, and execute the laws and ordinances passed by a municipal governing body (or mandated by a state, territorial or national governing body). Options for selection of a mayor include direct election by the public, or selection by an elected governing council or board. The term ''mayor'' shares a linguistic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Powązki Cemetery
Powązki Cemetery (; ), also known as Stare Powązki (), is a historic necropolis located in Wola district, in the western part of Warsaw, Poland. It is the most famous cemetery in the city and one of the oldest, having been established in 1790. It is the burial place of many illustrious individuals from Polish history. Some are interred along the "Avenue of the Distinguished" – ''Aleja Zasłużonych'', created in 1925. It is estimated that over one million people are buried at Powązki. The cemetery is often confused with the newer Powązki Military Cemetery, which is located to the north-west of Powązki Cemetery. History Powązki Cemetery was established on 4 November 1790 on land donated by nobleman Melchior Szymanowski, and consecrated on 20 May 1792. Initially it covered an area of only about 2.5 ha. In the same year Saint Karol Boromeusz Church, designed by Dominik Merlini, was built on the northern edge of the cemetery. The catacombs were erected soon therea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siberia
Siberia ( ; , ) is an extensive geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has formed a part of the sovereign territory of Russia and its predecessor states since the lengthy conquest of Siberia, which began with the fall of the Khanate of Sibir in 1582 and concluded with the annexation of Chukotka in 1778. Siberia is vast and sparsely populated, covering an area of over , but home to roughly a quarter of Russia's population. Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, and Omsk are the largest cities in the area. Because Siberia is a geographic and historic concept and not a political entity, there is no single precise definition of its territorial borders. Traditionally, Siberia spans the entire expanse of land from the Ural Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, with the Ural River usually forming the southernmost portion of its western boundary, and includes most of the drainage basin of the Arctic Ocean. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Repressions Of Polish Citizens (1939–1946)
In the aftermath of the German and Soviet invasion of Poland, which took place in September 1939, the territory of Poland was divided between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. The Soviets had ceased to recognise the Polish state at the start of the invasion.Telegrams sent by Schulenburg, German ambassador to the Soviet Union, from Moscow to the German Foreign OfficeNo. 317 of 10 September 1939 of 16 September 1939 of 17 September 1939. The Avalon Project, Yale Law School. Retrieved 14 November 2006.'KAMPANIA WRZEŚNIOWA 1939', last retrieved on 10 December 2005, Polish language As the Soviet Union had not signed international conventions on rules of war, the Polish prisoners were denied legal status. The Soviet forces murdered almost all captured officers, and sent numerous ordinary soldiers to the Soviet Gulag.Out of the original group of Polish prisoners of war sent in large number to the labour camps were some 25,000 ordinary soldiers separated from the rest of their collea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Accountant
An accountant is a practitioner of accounting or accountancy. Accountants who have demonstrated competency through their professional associations' certification exams are certified to use titles such as Chartered Accountant, Chartered Certified Accountant or Certified Public Accountant, or Registered Public Accountant. Such professionals are granted certain responsibilities by statute, such as the ability to certify an organization's financial statements, and may be held liable for professional misconduct. Non-qualified accountants may be employed by a qualified accountant, or may work independently without statutory privileges and obligations. Cahan & Sun (2015) used archival study to find out that accountants' personal characteristics may exert a very significant impact during the audit process and further influence audit fees and audit quality. Practitioners have been portrayed in popular culture by the stereotype of the humorless, introspective bean-counter. It has been ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Józef Piłsudski
Józef Klemens Piłsudski (; 5 December 1867 – 12 May 1935) was a Polish statesman who served as the Chief of State (Poland), Chief of State (1918–1922) and first Marshal of Poland (from 1920). In the aftermath of World War I, he became an increasingly dominant figure in Polish politics and exerted significant influence on shaping the country's foreign policy. Piłsudski is viewed as a father of the Second Polish Republic, which was re-established in 1918, 123 years after the final partition of Poland in 1795, and was considered ''de facto'' leader (1926–1935) of the Second Republic as the Minister of Military Affairs (Poland), Minister of Military Affairs. Seeing himself as a descendant of the culture and traditions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Piłsudski believed in a multi-ethnic Poland—"a home of nations" including indigenous ethnic and religious minorities. Early in his political career, Piłsudski became a leader of the Polish Socialist Party. Bel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feliks Filipowicz
Feliks is a variant spelling of the given name Felix, used in Poland and the Baltic states, as well as in the transliteration of the name Felix from Russian. Feliks may refer to: *Feliks Ankerstein (1897–1955), Polish Army major and intelligence officer * Feliks Asłanowicz (1903–1941), Polish footballer * Feliks Gromov (1937–2021), former Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy * Feliks Kark (born 1933), Estonian actor and caricaturist * Feliks Kibbermann, Estonian chess master *Feliks Kon (1864–1941), Polish communist activist * Feliks Konarski (1907–1991), Polish poet, songwriter and cabaret performer *Feliks Koneczny (1862–1949), Polish historian and social philosopher *Feliks Kazimierz Potocki (1630–1702), Polish noble, magnate and military leader *Feliks Stamm (1901–1976), Polish boxing coach *Feliks Topolski (1907–1989), Polish-born British expressionist painter *Feliks Undusk (born 1948), Estonian journalist and politician. *Feliks Villard (1908–?), Es ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wysokie Mazowieckie
Wysokie Mazowieckie (; ) is a town in north-eastern Poland, in Podlaskie Voivodeship. It is the capital of Wysokie Mazowieckie County. Population is 10,034 . History Wysokie was founded by Polish people, Polish settlers from nearby Mazovia in the Middle Ages. It was a royal settlement, and in 1469 the first parish church was founded. In 1503, Alexander Jagiellon granted Magdeburg rights, Magdeburg town rights, confirmed previous laws, and granted brewing rights to the townspeople. Later, it became a private town of various szlachta, Polish nobles, including the Potocki and Piotrowski families, administratively located in the Podlaskie Voivodeship (1513–1795), Podlaskie Voivodeship in the Lesser Poland Province, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Lesser Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland. King Stanisław August Poniatowski established four annual fairs thanks to efforts of Andrzej Piotrowski. Following the German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in Septe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Białystok
The Battle of Białystok was a battle of the Polish–Soviet War that took place near and in Białystok, Poland, on August 22, 1920, between the 1st Legions Infantry Regiment and the remains of the Soviet Russian Red Army 16th Army group and 3rd Army troops in the city of Białystok, which were withdrawing from Warsaw. The confusion caused by the Soviet forces, which had been chased, since their defeat at Warsaw, crushed into the forces stationed in Białystok and caused a complete breakdown in Bolshevik forces. In the city, fighting took all day and covered the entire Białystok. Individual parts of the city repeatedly passed from Polish to Russian hands and backward. During the battle, several armored trains were used in combat. Background On August 16, 1920, Polish forces, concentrated along the Wieprz River and began their counterattack. After 24 hours, it became clear that the Polish advance would threaten the rear of the Soviet 16th Army. By August 20, Poles captured ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Józef Haller
Józef Haller (''de Hallenburg''; 13 August 1873 – 4 June 1960) was a Polish lieutenant general and legionary in the Polish Legions during the First World War. He was a harcmistrz (the highest Scouting instructor rank in Poland), the president of the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association (ZHP), and a political and social activist. He was also the cousin of Stanisław Haller. Haller was born in Jurczyce. He studied at Vienna's Technical Military Academy and subsequently (1895–1906) served with the Austrian Army, resigning after reaching the rank of captain. He supported the paramilitary pro-independence Polish organization Sokół. In 1916, during the First World War, he became commander of the Second Brigade of the Polish Legion, in particular the units which fought against Russia on the Eastern Front. In 1918, in the aftermath of the " Charge at Rarańcza", as commander of the 2nd Polish Auxiliary Corps with the Austrian Army, Haller broke through the Aust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
