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Boids
Boids is an artificial life program, developed by Craig Reynolds in 1986, which simulates the flocking behaviour of birds, and related group motion. His paper on this topic was published in 1987 in the proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH conference. The name "boid" corresponds to a shortened version of "bird-oid object", which refers to a bird-like object, as well as referencing the stereotypical New York pronunciation of 'bird' as . Reynolds' boid model is one example of a larger general concept, for which many other variations have been developed since. The closely related work of Ichiro Aoki is noteworthy because it was published in 1982 — five years ''before'' Reynolds' boids paper. Model details Like most artificial life simulations, Boids is an example of emergent behavior; that is, the complexity of Boids arises from the interaction of individual agents (the boids, in this case) adhering to a set of simple rules. The rules applied in the simplest Boids world are as f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boids OpenGL Example
Boids is an artificial life program, developed by Craig Reynolds (computer graphics), Craig Reynolds in 1986, which simulates the Flocking (behavior), flocking behaviour of birds, and related group motion. His paper on this topic was published in 1987 in the proceedings of the Association for Computing Machinery, ACM SIGGRAPH conference. The name "boid" corresponds to a shortened version of "bird-oid object", which refers to a bird-like object, as well as referencing the stereotypical New York accent, New York pronunciation of 'bird' as . Reynolds' boid model is one example of a larger general concept, for which many other variations have been developed since. The closely related work of Ichiro Aoki is noteworthy because it was published in 1982 — five years ''before'' Reynolds' boids paper. Model details Like most artificial life simulations, Boids is an example of emergence, emergent behavior; that is, the complexity of Boids arises from the interaction of individual agents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flocking (behavior)
Flocking is the behavior exhibited when a group of birds, called a flock, are foraging or in flight. Sheep and goats also exhibit flocking behavior. Flocking by birds and mammals is similar to schooling in fish and these are often studied together. Flocking is generally believed to arise from the need for cover and protection from predators in animal behavior. This is an emergent behaviour governed by local rules that are followed by individuals and does not involve any central coordination. In nature There are parallels with the shoaling behaviour of fish, the swarming behaviour of insects, and herd behaviour of land animals. During the winter months, starlings are known for aggregating into huge flocks of hundreds to thousands of individuals, murmurations, which when they take flight altogether, render large displays of intriguing swirling patterns in the skies above observers. Measurement Measurements of bird flocking have been made using high-speed cameras, and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Craig Reynolds (computer Graphics)
Craig W. Reynolds (born March 15, 1953), is an artificial life and computer graphics expert, who created the Boids artificial life simulation in 1986. Reynolds worked on the film ''Tron'' (1982) as a scene programmer, and on ''Batman Returns'' (1992) as part of the video image crew. Reynolds won the 1998 Academy Scientific and Technical Award The Scientific and Technical Awards are three different Honorary Awards that are given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) during the annual Academy Awards season. The Awards have been presented since the 4th Academy Awards ... in recognition of "his pioneering contributions to the development of three-dimensional computer animation for motion picture production." In 2023 at the ALIFE conference he won the life time achievent award of thInternational society for Artificial Life(ISAL). He is the author of the '' OpenSteer'' library. References External linksCraig Reynolds' home page [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emergence
In philosophy, systems theory, science, and art, emergence occurs when a complex entity has properties or behaviors that its parts do not have on their own, and emerge only when they interact in a wider whole. Emergence plays a central role in theories of integrative levels and of complex systems. For instance, the phenomenon of life as studied in biology is an emergent property of chemistry and physics. In philosophy, theories that emphasize emergent properties have been called emergentism. In philosophy Philosophers often understand emergence as a claim about the etiology of a system's properties. An emergent property of a system, in this context, is one that is not a property of any component of that system, but is still a feature of the system as a whole. Nicolai Hartmann (1882–1950), one of the first modern philosophers to write on emergence, termed this a ''categorial novum'' (new category). Definitions This concept of emergence dates from at least the time of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swarm Robotics
Swarm robotics is the study of how to design independent systems of robots without centralized control. The emerging swarming behavior of robotic swarms is created through the interactions between individual robots and the environment.H. Pan; M. Zahmatkesh; F. Rekabi-Bana; F. Arvin; J. HuT-STAR: Time-Optimal Swarm Trajectory Planning for Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2025. This idea emerged on the field of artificial swarm intelligence, as well as the studies of insects, ants and other fields in nature, where swarm behavior occurs. Relatively simple individual rules can produce a large set of complex swarm behaviors. A key component is the communication between the members of the group that build a system of constant feedback. The swarm behavior involves constant change of individuals in cooperation with others, as well as the behavior of the whole group. Key Attributes of Robotic Swarms The design of swarm rob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free Press (publisher)
Free Press was an American independent book publisher that later became an imprint of Simon & Schuster. It was one of the best-known publishers specializing in serious nonfiction, including path-breaking sociology books of the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. After a period under new ownership in the 1980s of publishing neoconservative books, it was purchased by Simon & Schuster in 1994. By 2012, the imprint ceased to exist as a distinct entity; however, some books were still being published using the Free Press imprint. History Free Press was founded by Jeremiah Kaplan (1926–1993) and Charles Liebman in 1947 and concentrated on religion and social science. They chose the name Free Press because they wanted to print books devoted to civil liberties. It was launched with three classic titles: ''Division of Labor'' by Emile Durkheim, ''The Theory of Economic and Social Organization'' by Max Weber and ''The Scientific Outlook'' by Bertrand Russell. It was headquartered in Glencoe, Il ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Evidence For Evolution
''The'' is a grammatical article in English, denoting nouns that are already or about to be mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to account for seven percent of all printed English-language words. It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Middle English and now has a single form used with nouns of any gender. The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers. Pronunciation In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as (with the voiced dental fricative followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as (homophone of the archaic pronoun ''thee'') ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Dawkins
Richard Dawkins (born 26 March 1941) is a British evolutionary biology, evolutionary biologist, zoologist, science communicator and author. He is an Oxford fellow, emeritus fellow of New College, Oxford, and was Simonyi Professor for the Public Understanding of Science, Professor for Public Understanding of Science at the University of Oxford from 1995 to 2008, and is on the advisory board of the University of Austin. His book ''The Selfish Gene'' (1976) popularised the gene-centred view of evolution and coined the word ''meme''. Dawkins has won several academic and writing awards. A vocal Atheism, atheist, Dawkins is known for his criticism of creationism and intelligent design. He wrote ''The Blind Watchmaker'' (1986), in which he argues against the watchmaker analogy, an argument for the existence of a creator deity based upon the Evolution of biological complexity, complexity of living organisms. Instead, he describes evolutionary processes as analogous to a ''blind'' watc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batman Returns
''Batman Returns'' is a 1992 American superhero film directed by Tim Burton and written by Daniel Waters (screenwriter), Daniel Waters. Based on the DC Comics character Batman, it is the sequel to ''Batman (1989 film), Batman'' (1989) and the second installment in the Batman (1989 film series), 1989–1997 ''Batman'' series. In the film, Batman comes into conflict with wealthy industrialist Max Shreck and malformed crime boss Oswald Cobblepot (Batman Returns), Oswald Cobblepot / The Penguin, who seek power regardless of the cost to Gotham City. Their plans are complicated by Shreck's former secretary, Selina Kyle (1989 film series character), Selina Kyle, who seeks revenge against him as Catwoman. The cast includes Michael Keaton, Danny DeVito, Michelle Pfeiffer, Christopher Walken, Michael Gough, Pat Hingle, and Michael Murphy (actor), Michael Murphy. Burton had no interest in making a sequel to ''Batman'', believing that he was creatively restricted by the expectations of W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tim Burton
Timothy Walter Burton (born August 25, 1958) is an American filmmaker and producer. Known for popularizing Goth subculture, Goth culture in the American film industry, Burton is famous for his Gothic film, gothic horror and dark fantasy films. He has received List of awards and nominations received by Tim Burton, numerous accolades including an Emmy Award as well as nominations for two Academy Awards, a Golden Globe Award and three BAFTA Awards. He was honored with the Venice International Film Festival's Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement in 2007 and was given the Order of Arts and Letters by Culture Minister of France in 2010. Burton made his directorial film debut with the comedy ''Pee-wee's Big Adventure'' (1985) and gained prominence for ''Beetlejuice'' (1988) and ''Edward Scissorhands'' (1990). Burton also directed the superhero films ''Batman (1989 film), Batman'' (1989) and ''Batman Returns'' (1992); the animated films ''Corpse Bride'' (2005) and ''Frankenweenie (2012 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Breaking The Ice
Breaking the Ice may refer to: * ''Breaking the Ice'' (film), 1938 American film by Edward F. Cline * "Breaking the Ice" (''Frasier''), a 1995 television episode * "Breaking the Ice" (''Lucky Feller''), a 1976 television episode * "Breaking the Ice" (''Star Trek: Enterprise''), a 2001 television episode * Breaking the Ice (organization), a peace project founded by Heskel Nathaniel * ''Breaking the Ice'' (role-playing game), a 2005 dating game by Emily Care Boss * " Stanley and Stella in: Breaking the Ice", an animated short film See also * Break the Ice (other) *'' Don't Break the Ice'', a strategy game by Milton Bradley * Icebreaker (other) {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
