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Bober (drone)
The UJ-26 Bober () is a type of Ukrainian long-range loitering munition (suicide drone). In December 2022 the Telegram account Lachen Pyshe announced a public fundraising campaign called Hovor Khell, for a domestic unmanned aerial vehicle for Ukraine's Main Directorate of Intelligence (HUR). On 11 May 2023 it published photographs and said that it had already been used to accrue losses by Russian forces during the Russo-Ukrainian War. On 30 May, it was used to conduct a series of drone strikes in suburban Moscow. The drone reportedly has a range of 600 to 1,000 km, and its warhead is a KZ-6 shaped charge. This drone has been used during a number of attacks on Moscow. During July and August 2023 a number of drones struck the IQ-quarter high-rise buildings in Moscow two days in a row. Other attacks occurred in July and May, possibly including the Kremlin drone attack. Other drones have also been identified as being involved. However images appeared on social media in late July ma ...
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Loitering Munition
A loitering munition (also known as a suicide droneLoitering Munitions – In Focus
Center for the Study of the Drone, Feb 2017
or drone) is an aerial weapon system category in which the loiters (waits passively) around the target area for some time and attacks only once a target is located.
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Ukrainian Hryvnia
The or ( ; uk, гривня , : ''hrn''; sign: ₴; code: UAH) has been the national currency of Ukraine since 2 September 1996. The hryvnia is divided into 100 . It is named after a measure of weight used in medieval Kievan Rus'. Name Etymology The currency of Kievan Rus' in the eleventh century was called ''grivna''. The word is thought to derive from the Slavic ''griva''; c.f. Ukrainian, Russian, Bulgarian, and Serbo-Croatian / ''griva'', meaning "mane". It might have indicated something valuable worn around the neck, usually made of silver or gold; c.f. Bulgarian and Serbian ''grivna'' (, "bracelet"). Later, the word was used to describe silver or gold ingots of a certain weight; c.f. Ukrainian ''hryvenyk'' (). Plural The nominative plural of hryvnia is ''hryvni'' ( uk, гривні), while the genitive plural is ''hryven’'' ( uk, гривень). In Ukrainian, the nominative plural form is used for numbers ending with 2, 3, or 4, as in ''dvi hryvni'' (дві г ...
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Military Equipment Of The Russian Invasion Of Ukraine
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct military uniform. It may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of the military is usually defined as defence of the state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms ''armed forces'' and ''military'' are often treated as synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include both its military and other paramilitary forces. There are various forms of irregular military forces, not belonging to a recognized state; though they share many attributes with regular military forces, they are less often referred to as simply ''military''. A nation's military may ...
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Loitering Munitions
A loitering munition (also known as a suicide droneLoitering Munitions – In Focus
Center for the Study of the Drone, Feb 2017
or drone) is an aerial weapon system category in which the loiters (waits passively) around the target area for some time and attacks only once a target is located.
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Kapustin Yar
Kapustin Yar (russian: Капустин Яр) is a Russian rocket launch complex in Astrakhan Oblast, about 100 km east of Volgograd. It was established by the Soviet Union on 13 May 1946. In the beginning, Kapustin Yar used technology, material, and scientific support gained from the defeat of Germany in World War II. Numerous launches of test rockets for the Russian military were carried out at the site, as well as satellite and sounding rocket launches. The towns of Znamensk and Kapustin Yar (air base) were built nearby to serve the missile test range. Name The nearby village, Kapustin Yar, was used as the operations base in the early days of the testing site. The actual name can be translated as "cabbage ravine". In public opinion, Kapustin Yar is often referred to as the "Russian Roswell"—the place where the USSR discovered, investigated, or captured alien ships ( UFOs). Due to its role as a development site for new technology, Kapustin Yar is also the site of nu ...
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Volodymyr Zelenskyy
Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Zelenskyy, ; russian: Владимир Александрович Зеленский, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Zelenskyy, (born 25 January 1978; also transliterated as Zelensky or Zelenskiy) is a Ukrainian politician and former comedian and actor who has served as the sixth and current president of Ukraine since 2019. Born to a History of the Jews in Ukraine, Ukrainian Jewish family, Zelenskyy grew up as a native Russian language in Ukraine, Russian speaker in Kryvyi Rih, a major city of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast in central Ukraine. Prior to his acting career, he obtained a degree in law from the Kyiv National Economic University. He then pursued a career in comedy and created the production company Kvartal 95, which produced films, cartoons, and TV shows including the TV series ''Servant of the People (TV series), Servant of the People'', in which Zelenskyy played the role of the Ukrainian president. The series aired from 2015 to 2019 and was immensely ...
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Electronic Warfare
Electronic warfare (EW) is any action involving the use of the electromagnetic spectrum (EM spectrum) or directed energy to control the spectrum, attack an enemy, or impede enemy assaults. The purpose of electronic warfare is to deny the opponent the advantage of—and ensure friendly unimpeded access to—the EM spectrum. EW can be applied from air, sea, land, and/or space by crewed and uncrewed systems, and can target communication, radar, or other military and civilian assets. The electromagnetic environment Military operations are executed in an information environment increasingly complicated by the electromagnetic spectrum. The electromagnetic spectrum portion of the information environment is referred to as the electromagnetic environment (EME). The recognized need for military forces to have unimpeded access to and use of the electromagnetic environment creates vulnerabilities and opportunities for electronic warfare in support of military operations. Within the informa ...
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Ilyinsky, Moscow Oblast
Ilyinsky is an urban-type settlement in Ramensky district of Moscow oblast, Russia, located 17 km southeast from Moscow in a forested area near the town of Zhukovsky on both sides of the Ilyinskaya railway station (Kazan direction). Population: 11,341 (2019), History In the 19th century these territories were part of the landed estate owned by count Vorontsov-Dashkov, with the centre in Bykovo. In the last quarter of the 19th century N.I. Ilyin, who was a member of the management board of ‘JSC for the construction of the Moscow-Ryazan railroad’, bought the estate. After his death, his widow owned these lands until the revolution of 1917. The construction of the railroad contributed to the rapid development of the whole Left bank of the Moscow river. Ilyins turned out very enterprising owners and started to sell and rent out large pieces of land for development to the Moscow elite at a high price. They also let build numerous villas themselves, subsequently leasing those to t ...
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United States Dollar
The United States dollar (symbol: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ or U.S. Dollar, to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies; referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, American dollar, or colloquially buck) is the official currency of the United States and several other countries. The Coinage Act of 1792 introduced the U.S. dollar at par with the Spanish silver dollar, divided it into 100 cents, and authorized the minting of coins denominated in dollars and cents. U.S. banknotes are issued in the form of Federal Reserve Notes, popularly called greenbacks due to their predominantly green color. The monetary policy of the United States is conducted by the Federal Reserve System, which acts as the nation's central bank. The U.S. dollar was originally defined under a bimetallic standard of (0.7735 troy ounces) fine silver or, from 1837, fine gold, or $20.67 per troy ounce. The Gold Standard Act of 1900 linked the dollar solely to gold. From 1934, its ...
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Pusher Configuration
In an aircraft with a pusher configuration (as opposed to a tractor configuration), the propeller(s) are mounted behind their respective engine(s). Since a pusher propeller is mounted behind the engine, the drive shaft is in compression in normal operation. Pusher configuration describes this specific (propeller or ducted fan) thrust device attached to a craft, either aerostat (airship) or aerodyne (aircraft, WIG, paramotor, rotorcraft) or others types such as hovercraft, airboat and propeller-driven snowmobiles. "Pusher configuration" also describes the layout of a fixed-wing aircraft in which the thrust device has a pusher configuration. This kind of aircraft is commonly called a pusher. Pushers have been designed and built in many different layouts, some of them quite radical. History The rubber-powered "Planophore", designed by Alphonse Pénaud in 1871, was an early successful model aircraft with a pusher propeller. Many early aircraft (especially biplane ...
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Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone, is an aircraft without any human pilot, crew, or passengers on board. UAVs are a component of an unmanned aircraft system (UAS), which includes adding a ground-based controller and a system of communications with the UAV. The flight of UAVs may operate under remote control by a human operator, as remotely-piloted aircraft (RPA), or with various degrees of autonomy, such as autopilot assistance, up to fully autonomous aircraft that have no provision for human intervention. UAVs were originally developed through the twentieth century for military missions too "dull, dirty or dangerous" for humans, and by the twenty-first, they had become essential assets to most militaries. As control technologies improved and costs fell, their use expanded to many non-military applications.Hu, J.; Bhowmick, P.; Jang, I.; Arvin, F.; Lanzon, A.,A Decentralized Cluster Formation Containment Framework for Multirobot Systems IEEE T ...
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Kremlin Drone Attack
On 3 May 2023, amidst the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine, two explosive drones allegedly targeted the Kremlin in Moscow and were shot down. President Vladimir Putin was not present in the building at the time and no one was injured in the incident. The Kremlin accused Ukraine of perpetrating the incident and called it an "act of terrorism" and an assassination attempt. Ukrainian officials denied involvement, while U.S. officials said it was likely that a Ukrainian intelligence or special military unit was behind the attack. Incident An unverified video posted on social media showed an object flying towards the Kremlin before a small explosion occurred near a flagpole on top of the Kremlin Senate dome. In the footage, two unidentified people were seen climbing the dome. Another video showed smoke rising near the building. Russian officials claimed that the two drones were disabled with electronic radar assets. Reactions Russia On 3 May, Moscow's mayor Sergey Sobyanin ann ...
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