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Blastozoa
Blastozoa is a subphylum of extinct echinoderms characterized by the presence of specialized respiratory structures and brachiole plates used for feeding. It ranged from the Cambrian to the Permian. Biserial, triradiate, and pentaradiate ambulacral patterns have been identified in blastozoa specimens. The pentaradiate pattern in particular has been associated with several different classes. A significant species has been found at the Zaouïa Formation. References External linksHarvard: Subphylum Blastozoa Blastozoa, Paleozoic echinoderms Cambrian echinoderms Silurian echinoderms Ordovician echinoderms Devonian echinoderms Permian echinoderms Animal subphyla {{paleo-echinoderm-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eocrinoidea
The Eocrinoidea were an extinct class of echinoderms that lived between the Early Cambrian and Late Silurian periods. They are the earliest known group of stalked, brachiole-bearing echinoderms, and were the most common echinoderms during the Cambrian. The earliest genera had a short holdfast (biology), holdfast and irregularly structured plates. Later forms had a fully developed stalk with regular rows of plates. They were benthic suspension feeders, with five ambulacra on the upper surface, surrounding the mouth and extending into a number of narrow arms. Phylogeny Eocrinoids were a paraphyletic group that are seen as the basal stock from which all other blastozoan groups evolved. Early evolution The following cladogram, after Nardin et al. 2017, shows the progression of early eocrinoid families, with all other eocrinoid families (including representatives ''Trachelocrinus'' and ''Ridersia'') grouped with "derived Blastozoans" as their relationships with each other and with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parablastoidea
Blastozoa is a subphylum of extinct echinoderms characterized by the presence of specialized respiratory structures and brachiole plates used for feeding. It ranged from the Cambrian to the Permian The Permian ( ) is a geologic period and System (stratigraphy), stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years, from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.902 Mya. It is the s .... Biserial, triradiate, and pentaradiate ambulacral patterns have been identified in blastozoa specimens. The pentaradiate pattern in particular has been associated with several different classes. A significant species has been found at the Zaouïa Formation. References External linksHarvard: Subphylum Blastozoa Paleozoic echinoderms Cambrian echinoderms Silurian echinoderms Ordovician echinoderms Devonian echinoderms Permian echinoderms Animal subphyla {{paleo-echinoderm-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diploporita
Diploporita is an extinct group of blastozoans that ranged from the Ordovician to the Devonian. These echinoderms are identified by a specialized respiratory structure, called diplopores. Diplopores are a double pore system that sit within a depression on a single thecal (body) plate; each plate can contain numerous diplopore pairs. Taxonomy While once considered to be a formal class, the diploporitans likely represent a polyphyletic group. The evidence for this claim lies within the highly morphologically diverse body plans of the diploporitans: there are major differences in the makeup of the attachment structure (e.g., stem or holdfast), in the makeup of the feeding grooves, and even major differences in the construction of the group-defining diplopore respiratory structures. As of 2019 the only available phylogenetic analysis of Diploporita to date indicates that Diploporita is not a natural evolutionary group. Rather, it is an artificial grouping based on the presence of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paracrinoidea
Paracrinoidea is an extinct class of blastozoan echinoderms. They lived in shallow seas during the Early Ordovician through the Early Silurian. While blastozoans are usually characterized by types of respiratory structures present, it is not clear what types of respiratory structures paracrinoids likely had. Despite the taxon's name, the paracrinoids are not closely related to crinoids. Paracrinoids are characterized by a mouth with two to five feeding arms arranged asymmetrically, or somewhat bisymmetrically. They have a U-shaped gut, and their anus is located next to the mouth. They have irregularly shaped bodies (theca), and a stem, superficially similar to crinoids, and may have used the stem to attach themselves to a substrate, although some reconstructions show them partially buried in sediment.Fossil Invertebrates, 1987, Boardman, Richard S., Cheetham, Alan H., and Rowell, Albert J., editors, pp. 580-1. Blackwell Scientific Publications. Only 13 to 15 genera are known. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blastoidea
Blastoids (class Blastoidea) are an extinct type of stemmed echinoderm, often referred to as sea buds. They first appear, along with many other echinoderm classes, in the Ordovician period, and reached their greatest diversity in the Mississippian subperiod of the Carboniferous period. However, blastoids may have originated in the Cambrian. Blastoids persisted until their extinction at the end of Permian, about 250 million years ago. Although never as diverse as their contemporary relatives, the crinoids, blastoids are common fossils, especially in many Mississippian-age rocks. Description Like most echinoderms, blastoids were protected by a set of interlocking plates of calcium carbonate, which formed the main body, or ''theca''. In life, the theca of a typical blastoid was attached to a stalk or column made up of stacked disc-shaped plates. The other end of the column was attached to the ocean floor by a holdfast, very much like stalked crinoids. The stalk was usually relat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaouïa Formation
The Zaouïa Formation, also known as the Zaouïa Schists,Zaouïa Schists at .org is a Middle Ordovician ( Darriwilian) geologic formation in Algeria. The formation crops out in the Aïssa Mimoun Massif near Zaouïa of Stita at the conf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blastoidea
Blastoids (class Blastoidea) are an extinct type of stemmed echinoderm, often referred to as sea buds. They first appear, along with many other echinoderm classes, in the Ordovician period, and reached their greatest diversity in the Mississippian subperiod of the Carboniferous period. However, blastoids may have originated in the Cambrian. Blastoids persisted until their extinction at the end of Permian, about 250 million years ago. Although never as diverse as their contemporary relatives, the crinoids, blastoids are common fossils, especially in many Mississippian-age rocks. Description Like most echinoderms, blastoids were protected by a set of interlocking plates of calcium carbonate, which formed the main body, or ''theca''. In life, the theca of a typical blastoid was attached to a stalk or column made up of stacked disc-shaped plates. The other end of the column was attached to the ocean floor by a holdfast, very much like stalked crinoids. The stalk was usually relat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinoderm
An echinoderm () is any animal of the phylum Echinodermata (), which includes starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars and sea cucumbers, as well as the sessile sea lilies or "stone lilies". While bilaterally symmetrical as larvae, as adults echinoderms are recognisable by their usually five-pointed radial symmetry (pentamerous symmetry), and are found on the sea bed at every ocean depth from the intertidal zone to the abyssal zone. The phylum contains about 7,600 living species, making it the second-largest group of deuterostomes after the chordates, as well as the largest marine-only phylum. The first definitive echinoderms appeared near the start of the Cambrian. Echinoderms are important both ecologically and geologically. Ecologically, there are few other groupings so abundant in the deep sea, as well as shallower oceans. Most echinoderms are able to reproduce asexually and regenerate tissue, organs and limbs; in some cases, they can undergo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Devonian Echinoderms
The Devonian ( ) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era during the Phanerozoic eon, spanning 60.3 million years from the end of the preceding Silurian period at million years ago ( Ma), to the beginning of the succeeding Carboniferous period at Ma. It is the fourth period of both the Paleozoic and the Phanerozoic. It is named after Devon, South West England, where rocks from this period were first studied. The first significant evolutionary radiation of life on land occurred during the Devonian, as free- sporing land plants (pteridophytes) began to spread across dry land, forming extensive coal forests which covered the continents. By the middle of the Devonian, several groups of vascular plants had evolved leaves and true roots, and by the end of the period the first seed-bearing plants ( pteridospermatophytes) appeared. This rapid evolution and colonization process, which had begun during the Silurian, is known as the Silurian-Devonian Terrestrial Revo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ordovician Echinoderms
The Ordovician ( ) is a geologic period and system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era, and the second of twelve periods of the Phanerozoic Eon. The Ordovician spans 41.6 million years from the end of the Cambrian Period Ma (million years ago) to the start of the Silurian Period Ma. The Ordovician, named after the Welsh tribe of the Ordovices, was defined by Charles Lapworth in 1879 to resolve a dispute between followers of Adam Sedgwick and Roderick Murchison, who were placing the same rock beds in North Wales in the Cambrian and Silurian systems, respectively. Lapworth recognized that the fossil fauna in the disputed strata were different from those of either the Cambrian or the Silurian systems, and placed them in a system of their own. The Ordovician received international approval in 1960 (forty years after Lapworth's death), when it was adopted as an official period of the Paleozoic Era by the International Geological Congress. Life continued to flour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
