|
Blastocladiales
Blastocladiomycota is one of the currently recognized phyla within the kingdom Fungi#Taxonomic groups, Fungi.Hibbett DS et al. 2007. A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the fungi. Mycological Research 111:509–47. Blastocladiomycota was originally the order Blastocladiales within the phylum Chytridiomycota until molecular and zoospore ultrastructure, ultrastructural phenotypic trait, characters were used to demonstrate it was not monophyletic with Chytridiomycota. The order was first erected by Petersen for a single genus, ''Blastocladia'', which was originally considered a member of the oomycetes.Sparrow FK. 1960. Aquatic phycomycetes. 2nd ed. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. Accordingly, members of Blastocladiomycota are often referred to colloquially as "chytrids." However, some feel "chytrid" should refer only to members of Chytridiomycota.Alexopoulos CJ, Mims CW, Blackwell M. 1996. Introductory Mycology. 4th edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Thus, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blastocladiomycetes
Blastocladiomycota is one of the currently recognized phyla within the kingdom Fungi.Hibbett DS et al. 2007. A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the fungi. Mycological Research 111:509–47. Blastocladiomycota was originally the order Blastocladiales within the phylum Chytridiomycota until molecular and zoospore ultrastructural characters were used to demonstrate it was not monophyletic with Chytridiomycota. The order was first erected by Petersen for a single genus, ''Blastocladia'', which was originally considered a member of the oomycetes.Sparrow FK. 1960. Aquatic phycomycetes. 2nd ed. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. Accordingly, members of Blastocladiomycota are often referred to colloquially as "chytrids." However, some feel "chytrid" should refer only to members of Chytridiomycota.Alexopoulos CJ, Mims CW, Blackwell M. 1996. Introductory Mycology. 4th edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Thus, members of Blastocladiomycota are commonly called "blast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coelomomyces
''Coelomomyces'' is the only genus of fungi in the family Coelomomycetaceae. Species in the genus can be used as agents for the biological control of mosquitoes. Characteristics ''Coelomomyces'' are obligate parasites of mosquitoes and chironomids, meaning that they require their hosts to complete their lifecycle. One species, '' Coelomomyces psorophorae'', is even heteroecious; it requires two completely different hosts as part of its life cycle over the generations, larvae of both the mosquito '' Culiseta inornata'' as well as the copepod '' Cyclops venalis''. Due to their lethal nature and host specificity, they have been used by humans for biological control of mosquitoes and other insects. The mycelium of Coelomomyces spreads among infected mosquito larva. As the larvae disintegrate, the sporangia break free and are released to spread the fungus, sometimes among copepods who will die after nurturing the fungus for a time. The exact path differs from species to species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physoderma
''Physoderma'' is a genus of chytrid fungi. Described by German botanist Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Wallroth in 1833, the genus contains some species that are parasitism, parasitic on vascular plants, including ''Physoderma alfalfae, P. alfalfae'' and ''Physoderma maydis, P. maydis'', causative agents of crown wart of alfalfa and brown spot of corn, respectively. Of the chytrid genera, ''Physoderma'' is the oldest.Sparrow FK. 1960. Aquatic phycomycetes. 2nd ed. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. However, species were confused with the rust fungi, the genus ''Synchytrium'', and the genus ''Protomyces'' of Ascomycota.Karling, J.S. 1977. Chytridiomycetarum Iconographia. Monticello, New York: Lubrecht & Cramer. Members of ''Physoderma'' are parasite, obligate parasites of pteridophytes and angiosperms. There are approximately 80 species within this genus (depending on whether one includes those traditionally belonging to ''Urophlyctis''). Taxonomic history The g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chytridiomycota
Chytridiomycota are a division of zoosporic organisms in the kingdom Fungi, informally known as chytrids. The name is derived from the Ancient Greek ('), meaning "little pot", describing the structure containing unreleased zoospores. Chytrids are one of the earliest diverging fungal lineages, and their membership in kingdom Fungi is demonstrated with chitin cell walls, a posterior whiplash flagellum, absorptive nutrition, use of glycogen as an energy storage compound, and synthesis of lysine by the -amino adipic acid (AAA) pathway. Chytrids are saprobic, degrading refractory materials such as chitin and keratin, and sometimes act as parasites. There has been a significant increase in the research of chytrids since the discovery of '' Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis'', the causal agent of chytridiomycosis. Classification Species of Chytridiomycota have traditionally been delineated and classified based on development, morphology, substrate, and method of zoospore disch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urophlyctis
''Physoderma'' is a genus of chytrid fungi. Described by German botanist Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Wallroth in 1833, the genus contains some species that are parasitic on vascular plants, including '' P. alfalfae'' and '' P. maydis'', causative agents of crown wart of alfalfa and brown spot of corn, respectively. Of the chytrid genera, ''Physoderma'' is the oldest.Sparrow FK. 1960. Aquatic phycomycetes. 2nd ed. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. However, species were confused with the rust fungi, the genus '' Synchytrium'', and the genus '' Protomyces'' of Ascomycota.Karling, J.S. 1977. Chytridiomycetarum Iconographia. Monticello, New York: Lubrecht & Cramer. Members of ''Physoderma'' are obligate parasites of pteridophytes and angiosperms. There are approximately 80 species within this genus (depending on whether one includes those traditionally belonging to '' Urophlyctis''). Taxonomic history The genus was erected in 1833 on the basis of resting spore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maize
Maize (; ''Zea mays''), also known as corn in North American English, is a tall stout grass that produces cereal grain. It was domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 9,000 years ago from wild teosinte. Native Americans planted it alongside beans and squashes in the Three Sisters polyculture. The leafy stalk of the plant gives rise to male inflorescences or tassels which produce pollen, and female inflorescences called ears. The ears yield grain, known as kernels or seeds. In modern commercial varieties, these are usually yellow or white; other varieties can be of many colors. Maize relies on humans for its propagation. Since the Columbian exchange, it has become a staple food in many parts of the world, with the total production of maize surpassing that of wheat and rice. Much maize is used for animal feed, whether as grain or as the whole plant, which can either be baled or made into the more palatable silage. Sugar-rich varieties called sw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfalfa
Alfalfa () (''Medicago sativa''), also called lucerne, is a perennial plant, perennial flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae. It is cultivated as an important forage crop in many countries around the world. It is used for grazing, hay, and silage, as well as a green manure and cover crop. The name alfalfa is used in North America. The name lucerne is more commonly used in the United Kingdom, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. The plant superficially resembles clover (a cousin in the same family), especially while young, when glossary of leaf morphology#trifoliate, trifoliate leaves comprising round leaflet (botany), leaflets predominate. Later in maturity, leaflets are elongated. It has raceme, clusters of small purple flowers followed by fruits spiralled in two to three turns containing 10–20 seeds. Alfalfa is native to warmer temperate climates. It has been cultivated as livestock fodder since at least the era of the Ancient Greece, ancient Greeks and Ancient R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gametes
A gamete ( ) is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization in organisms that reproduce sexually. Gametes are an organism's reproductive cells, also referred to as sex cells. The name gamete was introduced by the German cytologist Eduard Strasburger in 1878. Gametes of both mating individuals can be the same size and shape, a condition known as isogamy. By contrast, in the majority of species, the gametes are of different sizes, a condition known as anisogamy or heterogamy that applies to humans and other mammals. The human ovum has approximately 100,000 times the volume of a single human sperm cell. The type of gamete an organism produces determines its sex and sets the basis for the sexual roles and sexual selection. In humans and other species that produce two morphologically distinct types of gametes, and in which each individual produces only one type, a female is any individual that produces the larger type of gamete called an ovum, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angiosperms
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed within a fruit. The group was formerly called Magnoliophyta. Angiosperms are by far the most diverse group of land plants with 64 orders, 416 families, approximately 13,000 known genera and 300,000 known species. They include all forbs (flowering plants without a woody stem), grasses and grass-like plants, a vast majority of broad-leaved trees, shrubs and vines, and most aquatic plants. Angiosperms are distinguished from the other major seed plant clade, the gymnosperms, by having flowers, xylem consisting of vessel elements instead of tracheids, endosperm within their seeds, and fruits that completely envelop the seeds. The ancestors of flowering plants diverged from the common ancestor of all living gymnosperms before the end of the Carbonifero ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nematodes
The nematodes ( or ; ; ), roundworms or eelworms constitute the phylum Nematoda. Species in the phylum inhabit a broad range of environments. Most species are free-living, feeding on microorganisms, but many are parasitic. Parasitic worms (helminths) are the cause of soil-transmitted helminthiases. They are classified along with arthropods, tardigrades and other moulting animals in the clade Ecdysozoa. Unlike the flatworms, nematodes have a tubular digestive system, with openings at both ends. Like tardigrades, they have a reduced number of Hox genes, but their sister phylum Nematomorpha has kept the ancestral protostome Hox genotype, which shows that the reduction has occurred within the nematode phylum. Nematode species can be difficult to distinguish from one another. Consequently, estimates of the number of nematode species are uncertain. A 2013 survey of animal biodiversity suggested there are over 25,000. Estimates of the total number of extant species are subject ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladochytrium Menyanthis - Lindsey
''Cladochytrium'' is a genus of fungi. It is the type genus of the family Cladochytriaceae. ; Names brought to synonymy: * ''Cladochytrium alfalfae'', a synonym for ''Physoderma alfalfae'', a plant pathogen that causes crown wart of alfalfa * ''Cladochytrium elegans'', a synonym for ''Nowakowskiella elegans ''Nowakowskiella elegans'' is a species of fungus A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more famil ...'' References External links * * Chytridiomycota genera {{Chytridiomycota-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
