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Black Turks
Black Turks (Turkish language, Turkish: ''Kara Türkler'' or ''Siyah Türkler'') is a socio-economic term used to describe Turks who are a lower or middle income class. They are described as religious and traditional in contrast to the more secularized class of their country. Their contrasting social economic groups has been the White Turks who have run the politics of their society and attempted to restrict the religious lifestyle which has led to cultural conflicts in the country. Another class of Turks that has been described has been one that has characteristics of both classes known as the Grey Turks. The term was also used by 2018 presidential candidate Muharrem İnce to describe himself, claiming that Erdoğan was no longer a black Turk. See also *Religion in Turkey *Islam in Turkey *Erdoğanism *Freedom of religion in Turkey *Conservatism in Turkey Further reading *Yücel, Halime.Cultural identity in Turkish advertisements" Social Semiotics 31.2 (2021): 305-323. *DEMI ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2005 Kurban Bay 01
5 (five) is a number, numeral (linguistics), numeral and numerical digit, digit. It is the natural number, and cardinal number, following 4 and preceding 6, and is a prime number. Humans, and many other animals, have 5 Digit (anatomy), digits on their Limb (anatomy), limbs. Mathematics 5 is a Fermat prime, a Mersenne prime exponent, as well as a Fibonacci number. 5 is the first congruent number, as well as the length of the hypotenuse of the smallest integer-sided right triangle, making part of the smallest Pythagorean triple (3, 4, 5). 5 is the first safe prime and the first good prime. 11 forms the first pair of sexy primes with 5. 5 is the second Fermat number, Fermat prime, of a total of five known Fermat primes. 5 is also the first of three known Wilson primes (5, 13, 563). Geometry A shape with five sides is called a pentagon. The pentagon is the first regular polygon that does not Tessellation, tile the Plane (geometry), plane with copies of itself. It is the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Language
Turkish ( , , also known as 'Turkish of Turkey') is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, a member of Oghuz languages, Oghuz branch with around 90 million speakers. It is the national language of Turkey and one of two official languages of Cyprus. Significant smaller groups of Turkish speakers also exist in Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Greece, other parts of Europe, the South Caucasus, and some parts of Central Asia, Iraqi Turkmen, Iraq, and Syrian Turkmen, Syria. Turkish is the List of languages by total number of speakers, 18th-most spoken language in the world. To the west, the influence of Ottoman Turkish language, Ottoman Turkish—the variety of the Turkish language that was used as the administrative and literary language of the Ottoman Empire—spread as the Ottoman Empire expanded. In 1928, as one of Atatürk's reforms in the early years of the Republic of Turkey, the Persian alphabet, Perso-Arabic script-based Ottoman Turkish alphabet was repl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Turks
White Turks () is a term used in Turkey for the Urban area, urban population that embraced or directly benefited from Turkey’s modernization. They are often generalized as embracing values such as Secularism in Turkey, secularism, Western world, Western enlightenment, positivism and Republicanism in Turkey, republicanism. White Turks are in contrast to the so-called Black Turks (Turkish language, Turkish: ''Kara Türkler'' or ''Siyah Türkler''), a name for the conservative, Islamic, and typically less privileged among the originally Rural area, rural Anatolia, Anatolian population. The two terms are related to the emergence of a middle class since the end of the 20th century, and is an expression of elite consciousness and also a contempt for a section of the population which is seen as backwards. Civilizing efforts had been part of the imagination of all Turkish elites since the Tanzimat reforms. Anand Giridharadas describes the dichotomy between white and black Turks as "an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grey Turks
White Turks () is a term used in Turkey for the urban population that embraced or directly benefited from Turkey’s modernization. They are often generalized as embracing values such as secularism, Western enlightenment, positivism and republicanism. White Turks are in contrast to the so-called Black Turks (Turkish: ''Kara Türkler'' or ''Siyah Türkler''), a name for the conservative, Islamic, and typically less privileged among the originally rural Anatolian population. The two terms are related to the emergence of a middle class since the end of the 20th century, and is an expression of elite consciousness and also a contempt for a section of the population which is seen as backwards. Civilizing efforts had been part of the imagination of all Turkish elites since the Tanzimat reforms. Anand Giridharadas describes the dichotomy between white and black Turks as "an extraordinary culture war over what it means to be a Turk":The battle — waged in national politics but also i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muharrem İnce
Muharrem İnce (; born 4 May 1964) is a Turkish physics teacher, school principal, sport executive, and politician. He is the founder and the incumbent leader of the Homeland Party since May 2021. Formerly a four term Republican People's Party () MP for Yalova, his hometown, he also served as the CHP's parliamentary group deputy chairman between June 2010 and August 2014. İnce has stood for election as CHP chairman twice against former chairman Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu: first in September 2014 following the party's loss in the Turkish presidential election on 18 August 2014, and later in February 2018. As the presidential candidate of the CHP in the 2018 Turkish presidential election, İnce received just over 30 percent of the votes, placing second behind outright first-round winner Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, with 53 percent. In 2023, İnce stood for president again, but as an independent candidate. However, before the election day, he suspended his campaign. Biography İnce wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Religion In Turkey
Religion in Turkey consists of various religious beliefs. While Turkey is officially a secular state, numerous surveys all show that Islam is the country's most common religion. Published data on the proportion of people in Turkey who follow Islam vary. Because the government registers everyone as Muslim at birth by default, the official statistics can be misleading. There are many people who follow other religions or do not adhere to any religion, but they are officially classified as 'Muslim' in official records unless they make a contrary claim. These records can be changed or even blanked out on the request of the citizen using a valid electronic signature to sign the electronic application. According to the state, 99.8% of the population is initially registered as Muslim. The remaining 0.2% are Christians and adherents of other officially recognised religions such as Judaism. According to a 2025 report from Pew Research Center, 95% of Turkey self identified as Muslim. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam In Turkey
Islam is the most practiced religion in Turkey. Most Turkish Sunni Muslims belong to the Hanafi school of jurisprudence. The established presence of Islam in the region that now constitutes modern Turkey dates back to the later half of the 11th century, when the Seljuks started expanding into eastern Anatolia. While records count the number of Muslims as 99.8%, this is likely to be an overestimation; most surveys estimate lower numbers at around 94%. The most popular school of thought (maddhab) being the Hanafi school of Sunni Islam (about 90% of overall Muslim denominations). The remaining Muslim sects, forming about 9% of the Muslim population, consist of Alevis, Ja'faris (representing 1%) and Alawites (with an estimated population of around 500,000 to 1 million, or about 1%). There is also a minority of Sufi and non-denominational Muslims. History Islamic empires During the Muslim conquests of the 7th and early 8th centuries, Arab armies established the Islam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erdoğanism
Erdoğanism () refers to the political ideals and agenda of Turkish president and former prime minister, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, who became prime minister in 2003 and served until his election to the Presidency in 2014. With support significantly derived from charismatic authority, Erdoğanism has been described as the "strongest phenomenon in Turkey since Kemalism" and used to enjoy broad support throughout the country until the 2018 Turkish economic crisis which caused a significant decline in Erdoğan's popularity. Its ideological roots originate from Turkish conservatism and its most predominant political adherent is the governing Justice and Development Party (AK Parti), a party that Erdoğan himself founded in 2001. It is seen by some as a Third Way ideology. Overview As a personified version of conservative democracy, key ideals of Erdoğanism include a religious inspired strong centralised leadership based primarily on electoral consent and less so on the separation o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freedom Of Religion In Turkey
Turkey is a secular state in accordance with Article 24 of its constitution. Secularism in Turkey derives from Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's Six Arrows: republicanism, populism, laïcité, reformism, nationalism and statism. The Turkish government imposes some restrictions on Muslims and other religious groups, as well as Muslim religious expression in government offices and state-run institutions, including universities.Turkey: International Religious Freedom Report 2007 United States Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. In 2023, the country was scored 2 out of 4 for religious freedom; land disputes for religious buildings are a large source of tension. Religious demography According to the Turkish government, 99% of the population is |
Conservatism In Turkey
Conservatism in Turkey ( Turkish: ''Muhafazakârlık'') is a national variant of conservatism throughout Turkey reflected in the agendas of many of the country's political parties, most notably the governing Justice and Development Party (AKP), which describes its prevailing ideology as conservative democracy. Elements of Turkish conservatism are also reflected in most parties situated on the political right, including the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP). In Turkey, it is often referred to as ''Türk tipi muhafazakârlık'' (Turkish-style conservatism). Turkish conservatism is distinct from conservatism in other countries in that it is predominantly at odds with the established state structure, tending to be critical of the founding principles of the Turkish Republic whereas most forms of conservatism elsewhere tend to endorse the principle values of the state. Ideals predominantly at odds with conservatives, such as secularism, statism, populism, and the existence of a soc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Society Of Turkey
A society () is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. Societies are characterized by patterns of relationships (social relations) between individuals who share a distinctive culture and institutions; a given society may be described as the sum total of such relationships among its constituent members. Human social structures are complex and highly cooperative, featuring the specialization of labor via social roles. Societies construct roles and other patterns of behavior by deeming certain actions or concepts acceptable or unacceptable—these expectations around behavior within a given society are known as societal norms. So far as it is collaborative, a society can enable its members to benefit in ways that would otherwise be difficult on an individual basis. Societies vary based on level of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cultural Politics
Identity politics is politics based on a particular identity, such as ethnicity, race, nationality, religion, denomination, gender, sexual orientation, social background, political affiliation, caste, age, education, disability, opinion, intelligence, and social class. The term encompasses various often- populist political phenomena and rhetoric, such as governmental migration policies that regulate mobility and opportunity based on identities, left-wing agendas involving intersectional politics or class reductionism, and right-wing nationalist agendas of exclusion of national or ethnic "others." The term ''identity politics'' dates to the late twentieth century, although it had precursors in the writings of individuals such as Mary Wollstonecraft and Frantz Fanon. Many contemporary advocates of identity politics take an intersectional perspective, which they argue accounts for a range of interacting systems of oppression that may affect a person's life and originate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
