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Black September (group)
The Black September Organization (BSO; ) was a Palestinian militant organization, which was founded in September 1970. Besides other actions, the group was responsible for the assassination of the Jordanian Prime Minister Wasfi Tal, and the Munich massacre, in which eleven Israeli athletes and officials were kidnapped and killed, as well as a West German policeman dying, during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, their most publicized event. These attacks led to the creation or specialization of permanent counter-terrorism forces in many European countries. Origin The group's name is derived from the Black September conflict which began on 16 September 1970, when King Hussein of Jordan declared military rule in response to ''fedayeen'' attempting to seize his kingdom – resulting in the deaths and expulsion of thousands of Palestinian fighters from Jordan. The BSO began as a small cell of Fatah men determined to take revenge upon King Hussein and the Jordanian Armed F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salah Khalaf
use both this parameter and , birth_date to display the person's date of birth, date of death, and age at death) --> , death_place = Carthage, Tunisia , death_cause = Assassination , resting_place = Amman, Jordan , resting_place_coordinates = , nationality = , citizenship = Palestine , education = , alma_mater = Al Azhar University Ain Shams University , occupation = Politician , years_active = , known_for = , height = , title = , term = , predecessor = , successor = , opponent = , spouse = , partner = , children = 6 , party = Fatah , parents = , mother = , father = , relatives = , family = , awards = , website = , module = , module2 = , module3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fedayeen
Fedayeen ( ''fidāʻiyyūn'' "self-sacrificers") is an Arabic language, Arabic term used to refer to various military groups willing to sacrifice themselves for a larger campaign. Etymology "Fidayun" is the plural of "fidayi" ( ''fidāʻiyy'' )), meaning "one who redeems/sacrifices themselves". Medieval usage Order of Assassins Hassan-i-Sabbah (c. 1050–1124), who founded the Order of Assassins in Persia and Syria, used the term to refer to his fanatical devotees. ''Fidāʼīyīn'' is the plural of ''fidāʼī'', which means "sacrifice." It is widely understood as "those willing to sacrifice themselves for God". Modern usage Armenia ''Fedayi'' also known as the Armenian irregular units or Armenian militia, were Armenians, Armenian civilians who voluntarily left their families to form self-defense units in reaction to the mass murder of Armenians and the pillage of Armenian villages by criminals, Turkish people, Turkish and Kurds, Kurdish gangs, Ottoman forces, and Hamidiy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leaderless Resistance
Leaderless resistance, or phantom cell structure, is a social resistance strategy in which small, independent groups ( covert cells), or individuals (a solo cell is called a " lone wolf"), challenge an established institution such as a law, economic system, social order, or government. Leaderless resistance can encompass anything from non-violent protest and civil disobedience to vandalism, terrorism, and other violent activity. Leaderless cells lack vertical command links and so operate without hierarchical command, but they have a common goal that links them to the social movement from which their ideology was learned. Leaderless resistance has been employed by animal rights, radical environmentalist, anti-abortion, insurgent, anarchist, anti-colonial, and terrorist movements. It is a strategy used by hate groups as well. General characteristics A covert cell may be a lone individual or a small group. The basic characteristic of the structure is that there is no explicit com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Department
The United States Department of State (DOS), or simply the State Department, is an executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy and relations. Equivalent to the ministry of foreign affairs of other nations, its primary duties are advising the U.S. president on international relations, administering diplomatic missions, negotiating international treaties and agreements, protecting citizens abroad and representing the U.S. at the United Nations. The department is headquartered in the Harry S Truman Building, a few blocks from the White House, in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood of Washington, D.C.; "Foggy Bottom" is thus sometimes used as a metonym. Established in 1789 as the first administrative arm of the U.S. executive branch, the State Department is considered among the most powerful and prestigious executive agencies. It is headed by the U.S. secretary of state, who reports directly to the U.S. president and is a membe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ad-Dustour (Jordan)
''Ad-Dustour'' (, '''The Constitution) is an Arabic-language daily newspaper published in Jordan. Its headquarters is in Amman, Jordan. History and profile The first issue of ''Ad-Dustour'' (in Arabic الدستور) was published on 28 March 1967 as a result of a merger of two publications: '' Filastin'' (in Arabic فلسطين) and ''Al Manar'' (in Arabic المنار) published in the West Bank that had ceased publication in 1967 because of the Six-Day War. The daily was a private company until 1986 when the Jordanian government bought a share of it. The daily has nearly 600 staff. From 1991 to 1995 Musa Keilani served as the editor-in-chief of the paper. Its editor was Nabil Sharif until February 2009. The current editor-in-chief is Mustafa Riyalat. In 1998, the daily started its website, the first newspaper in the Arab world to do so. The estimated circulation of ''Ad-Dustour'' was 40,000 whereas it was 90,000 copies in 2003. An Arabic website, Industry Arabic, named ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Iyad
use both this parameter and , birth_date to display the person's date of birth, date of death, and age at death) --> , death_place = Carthage, Tunisia , death_cause = Assassination , resting_place = Amman, Jordan , resting_place_coordinates = , nationality = , citizenship = Palestine , education = , alma_mater = Al Azhar University Ain Shams University , occupation = Politician , years_active = , known_for = , height = , title = , term = , predecessor = , successor = , opponent = , spouse = , partner = , children = 6 , party = Fatah , parents = , mother = , father = , relatives = , family = , awards = , website = , module = , module2 = , module3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yasser Arafat
Yasser Arafat (4 or 24 August 1929 – 11 November 2004), also popularly known by his Kunya (Arabic), kunya Abu Ammar, was a Palestinian political leader. He was chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) from 1969 to 2004, President of the State of Palestine from 1989 to 2004 and President of the Palestinian Authority (PNA) from 1994 to 2004. Ideologically an Arab nationalist and a Arab socialism, socialist, Arafat was a founding member of the Fatah political party, which he led from 1959 until 2004. Arafat was born to Palestinian parents in Cairo, Egypt, where he spent most of his youth. He studied at the Cairo University, University of King Fuad I. While a student, he embraced Arab nationalist and anti-Zionist ideas. Opposed to the 1948 creation of the State of Israel, he fought alongside the Muslim Brotherhood during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. Following the defeat of Arab forces, Arafat returned to Cairo and served as president of the General Union of Palesti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palestine Liberation Organization
The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO; ) is a Palestinian nationalism, Palestinian nationalist coalition that is internationally recognized as the official representative of the Palestinians, Palestinian people in both the occupied Palestinian territories and the Palestinian diaspora, diaspora. It is currently represented by the Palestinian Authority based in the West Bank city of Al-Bireh. Founded in 1964, it initially sought to establish an Arab world, Arab state over the entire territory of the former Mandatory Palestine, advocating the elimination of Israel. Mediated talks between the Israeli government and the PLO in 1993 (the Oslo I Accord) resulted in the PLO recognizing Legitimacy of the State of Israel, Israel's legitimacy and accepting United Nations Security Council Resolution 242, which mandated Israel's withdrawal from occupied territories, while Israel recognized the PLO as a legitimate authority representing the Palestinian people. Despite the Israel–Pal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wasfi Tal
Wasfi Tal (; also known as Wasfi Tell; 1920 – 28 November 1971) was a Jordanian politician, statesman and military officer. He served as the 15th Prime Minister of Jordan for three separate terms, 1962–63, 1965–67 and 1970 until his assassination in 1971. Tal was born in Arapgir, Ottoman Empire to prominent Jordanian poet Mustafa Wahbi Tal and a Kurdish mother. He received his elementary education in Jordan, later continuing his education at the American University of Beirut in Lebanon. He then joined the British Army in Mandatory Palestine after being trained in a British-run military academy, and joined the irregular Arab Liberation Army to fight against Israel during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. As an Arab nationalist, Tal was known for his belief in collective Arab action and supported the Palestinian struggle. Following the war, he served various positions in the Jordanian government, rising to higher positions after his abilities captured King Hussein's attention. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Ali Iyad
Walid Ahmad Nimr (; 1934 – July 23, 1971), better known by his ''nom de guerre'' Abu Ali Iyad (), was a Palestinian militant and senior paramilitary field commander based in Syria and Jordan during the 1960s and early 1970s. After a career of teaching in the West Bank, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Algeria, Abu Ali Iyad was recruited into the paramilitary group, Fatah, by Khalil al-Wazir in 1964 after graduating from an Algerian military training course. A year later, he became one of Fatah's first leaders in Syria along with al-Wazir and Yasser Arafat. During his time there, Abu Ali Iyad gained a position on the group's top political body, supervised its main guerrilla training camp in Daraa and set up a military intelligence headquarters. As a Fatah field commander, he fought Israeli forces at the Battle of Karameh, gaining a reputation as an unyielding commander. Abu Ali Iyad was also a leading organizer and participant in guerrilla raids against Israeli localities. He was one o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
As-Sa'iqa
As-Sa'iqa (), officially known as Vanguard for the Popular Liberation War – Lightning Forces, () is a Palestinian Ba'athist political and military faction created by Syria. It is linked to the Palestinian branch of the Syrian-led Ba'ath Party, and is a member of the broader Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), although it is no longer active in the organization. Its Secretary-General is Dr. Mohammed Qeis. History Background 1966 coup in Syria As-Sa'iqa's roots go back to the 1966 coup d'état in Syria. This military coup overthrew National Command purged the Ba'ath Party (which had come to power three years earlier) of its "old guard" and the founders of Ba'athism in general, sending people like Michel Aflaq and Salah ad-Din al-Bitar into exile and sentencing them to death in absentia. New regime's policy The coup brought to power the most radical Ba'athist faction, which later became known as neo-Ba'athism. The main ideologist of neo-Ba'athism and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
