Black Foot Disease Of Grapevine

	Black Foot Disease Of Grapevine The black foot disease is a grapevine trunk disease Grapevine trunk diseases (GTD) are the most destructive diseases of vineyards worldwide. Fungicides (such as sodium arsenite or 8-hydroxyquinoline, used to fight esca) with the potential to control GTD have been banned in Europe and there are no hi .... It is caused by fungi in the genus '' Cylindrocarpon'' ('' C. fasciculare'', '' C. pseudofasciculare'', '' C. destructans'', '' C. macrodidymum'' and '' C. obtusisporum'').Occurrence of grapevine trunk disease pathogens in rootstock mother plants in South Africa. P. H. Fourie and F. Halleen, Australasian Plant Pathology, June 2004, Volume 33, Issue 2, pages 313-315, References Grapevine trunk diseases {{fungus-fruit-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Vitis Vinifera ''Vitis vinifera'', the common grape vine, is a species of flowering plant, native to the Mediterranean Basin, Mediterranean region, Central Europe, and southwestern Asia, from Morocco and Portugal north to southern Germany and east to northern Iran. There are currently between List of grape varieties, 5,000 and 10,000 varieties of ''Vitis vinifera'' grapes though only a few are of commercial significance for wine and table grape production. The wild grape is often classified as ''Vitis vinifera'' ''sylvestris'' (in some classifications considered ''Vitis sylvestris''), with ''Vitis vinifera'' ''vinifera'' restricted to cultivated forms. Domesticated vines have hermaphrodite#Botany, hermaphrodite flowers, but ''sylvestris'' is plant sexuality, dioecious (male and female flowers on separate plants) and pollination is required for fruit to develop. Grapes can be eaten fresh or dried to produce raisins, Sultana (grape)#Raisins, sultanas, and Zante currant, currants. Grape leaves ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cylindrocarpon ''Cylindrocarpon'' is a genus of fungi. Many of the species in this genus are plant pathogens. Species ''Cylindrocarpon abuense'' ''Cylindrocarpon aequatoriale'' ''Cylindrocarpon amamiense'' ''Cylindrocarpon angustum'' ''Cylindrocarpon aquaticum'' ''Cylindrocarpon austrodestructans'' ''Cylindrocarpon bambusicola'' ''Cylindrocarpon bonaerense'' ''Cylindrocarpon bondarzevii'' ''Cylindrocarpon boninense'' ''Cylindrocarpon bulborum'' ''Cylindrocarpon candidum'' ''Cylindrocarpon carneum'' ''Cylindrocarpon castaneae'' ''Cylindrocarpon castaneicola'' ''Cylindrocarpon cedri'' ''Cylindrocarpon chiayiense'' ''Cylindrocarpon chichiense'' ''Cylindrocarpon chlamydospora'' ''Cylindrocarpon cochinchinense'' ''Cylindrocarpon colchicum'' ''Cylindrocarpon congoense'' ''Cylindrocarpon curtum'' ''Cylindrocarpon decumbens'' ''Cylindrocarpon didymum'' ''Cylindrocarpon effusum'' ''Cylindrocarpon eristaviae'' ''Cylindrocarpon faginatum'' ''Cylindrocarpon formicarium'' ''Cyl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Pruning Pruning is a horticultural, arboricultural, and silvicultural practice involving the selective removal of certain parts of a plant, such as branches, buds, or roots. The practice entails the ''targeted'' removal of diseased, damaged, dead, non-productive, structurally unsound, or otherwise unwanted plant material from crop and landscape plants. Some try to remember the categories as "the 4 D's": the last general category being "deranged". In general, the smaller the branch that is cut, the easier it is for a woody plant to compartmentalize the wound and thus limit the potential for pathogen intrusion and decay. It is therefore preferable to make any necessary formative structural pruning cuts to young plants, rather than removing large, poorly placed branches from mature plants. In nature, meteorological conditions such as wind, ice and snow, and salinity can cause plants to self-prune. This natural shedding is called abscission. Specialized pruning practices may be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Grapevine Trunk Disease Grapevine trunk diseases (GTD) are the most destructive diseases of vineyards worldwide. Fungicides (such as sodium arsenite or 8-hydroxyquinoline, used to fight esca) with the potential to control GTD have been banned in Europe and there are no highly effective treatments available. Action to develop new strategies to fight these diseases are needed. The following fungal species are responsible for grapevine trunk diseases: * ''Botryosphaeria dothidea'' and other '' Botryosphaeria'' species, such as '' B. obtusa'', ''B. parva B is the second letter of the Latin alphabet. B may also refer to: Science, technology, and mathematics Astronomy * Astronomical objects in the Barnard list of dark nebulae (abbreviation B) * Latitude (''b'') in the galactic coordinate syst ...'' and '' B. australis'',Botryosphaeria spp. as grapevine trunk disease pathogens. Niekerk, J.M, P.H. Fourie, F. Halleen and P.W. Crous, Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 2006, volume 45, pages 43-54 * ''Cylindroca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Campylocarpon Fasciculare ''Campylocarpon fasciculare'' is a species of parasitic fungus in the family Nectriaceae, and the type species of the genus ''Campylocarpon''. Described as new to science in 2004, it is one of several pathogens associated with black foot disease in grape A grape is a fruit, botanically a berry (botany), berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus ''Vitis''. Grapes are a non-Climacteric (botany), climacteric type of fruit, generally occurring in clusters. The cultivation of .... References External links * Fungi described in 2004 Fungi of North America Nectriaceae Grapevine trunk diseases {{Hypocreales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Campylocarpon Pseudofasciculare ''Campylocarpon pseudofasciculare'' is a species of parasitic fungus in the family Nectriaceae. Described as new to science in 2004, it is one of several pathogens associated with black foot disease in grape A grape is a fruit, botanically a berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus ''Vitis''. Grapes are a non- climacteric type of fruit, generally occurring in clusters. The cultivation of grapes began perhaps 8,000 years ago, .... References External links * Fungi described in 2004 Fungi of North America Nectriaceae Grapevine trunk diseases {{Hypocreales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cylindrocarpon Destructans ''Nectria radicicola'' is a plant pathogen that is the causal agent of root rot. Substrates include ginseng and ''Narcissus''. It is also implicated in the black foot disease of grapevine The black foot disease is a grapevine trunk disease Grapevine trunk diseases (GTD) are the most destructive diseases of vineyards worldwide. Fungicides (such as sodium arsenite or 8-hydroxyquinoline, used to fight esca) with the potential to cont .... References Bibliography * External links Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Food plant pathogens and diseases Grapevine trunk diseases radicicola Fungi described in 1963 {{fungus-fruit-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cylindrocarpon Macrodidymum ''Cylindrocarpon'' is a genus of fungi. Many of the species in this genus are plant pathogen Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomyc ...s. Species '' Cylindrocarpon abuense'' '' Cylindrocarpon aequatoriale'' '' Cylindrocarpon amamiense'' '' Cylindrocarpon angustum'' '' Cylindrocarpon aquaticum'' '' Cylindrocarpon austrodestructans'' '' Cylindrocarpon bambusicola'' '' Cylindrocarpon bonaerense'' '' Cylindrocarpon bondarzevii'' '' Cylindrocarpon boninense'' '' Cylindrocarpon bulborum'' '' Cylindrocarpon candidum'' '' Cylindrocarpon carneum'' '' Cylindrocarpon castaneae'' '' Cylindrocarpon castaneicola'' '' Cylindrocarpon cedri'' '' Cylindrocarpon chiayiense'' '' Cylindrocarpon chichiense'' '' Cylindrocarpon chlamydospora'' '' Cylindrocarpon cochinchinense' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cylindrocarpon Obtusisporum ''Cylindrocarpon'' is a genus of fungi. Many of the species in this genus are plant pathogens. Species '' Cylindrocarpon abuense'' '' Cylindrocarpon aequatoriale'' '' Cylindrocarpon amamiense'' '' Cylindrocarpon angustum'' '' Cylindrocarpon aquaticum'' '' Cylindrocarpon austrodestructans'' '' Cylindrocarpon bambusicola'' '' Cylindrocarpon bonaerense'' '' Cylindrocarpon bondarzevii'' '' Cylindrocarpon boninense'' '' Cylindrocarpon bulborum'' '' Cylindrocarpon candidum'' '' Cylindrocarpon carneum'' '' Cylindrocarpon castaneae'' '' Cylindrocarpon castaneicola'' '' Cylindrocarpon cedri'' '' Cylindrocarpon chiayiense'' '' Cylindrocarpon chichiense'' '' Cylindrocarpon chlamydospora'' '' Cylindrocarpon cochinchinense'' '' Cylindrocarpon colchicum'' '' Cylindrocarpon congoense'' '' Cylindrocarpon curtum'' '' Cylindrocarpon decumbens'' '' Cylindrocarpon didymum'' '' Cylindrocarpon effusum'' '' Cylindrocarpon eristaviae'' '' Cylindrocarpon faginatum'' '' Cylind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]