Bishr Ibn Al-Muʿtamir
Abū Sahl Bishr ibn al-Muʿtamir ibn Bishr al-Ḥilālī (died 825) was a Muʿtazilite–Zaydi, Zaydite theologian and founder of the Bishriyya school in Baghdad. Life The place of Bishr's birth is unknown. Baghdad, Kūfa and Baṣra have all been proposed. Likewise, the date of his birth is unknown, although he was an old man at his death. He studied Muʿtazilite (theology) in Baṣra under Bishr ibn Saʿīd, Abū ʿUthmān al-Zaʿfarānī and Muʿammar ibn ʿAbbād al-Sulamī. He later moved to Baghdad to teach. Among his most prominent students were Thumāma ibn Ashras and Abū Mūsā al-Murdār. Article translated by Keven Brown. In Baghdad, Bishr worked as a slave trader. He was an ardent Zaydite missionary, who once promised to convert two people per day, and a staunch advocate of ''jihad'', who financed individual warriors. Caliph Hārūn al-Rashīd (), an opponent of Muʿtazilism, imprisoned Bishr for his alleged Rāfiḍī sympathies. Bishr denied the charge. In prison, ...
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Muʿtazilite
Mu'tazilism (, singular ) is an Islamic schools and branches, Islamic theological school that appeared in early Islamic history and flourished in Basra and Baghdad. Its adherents, the Mu'tazilites, were known for their neutrality in the dispute between Ali and his opponents after the death of the third caliph, Uthman. By the 10th century the term ''al-muʿtazilah'' had come to refer to a distinctive Islamic school of speculative theology (''kalām'').Muʿtazilah
", ''Encyclopaedia Britannica''. This school of theology was founded by Wasil ibn Ata. The later Mu'tazila school developed an Islamic type of rationalism, partly influenced by ancient Greek philosophy, based around three fundamental principles: the oneness (''Tawhid'') and justice (''Theodicy, Al-'adl'') of God in Islam, God,
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