Birth Certificate (film)
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Birth Certificate (film)
''Birth Certificate'' (Polish: ''Świadectwo urodzenia'') is a Polish war film from 1961 directed by Stanisław Różewicz, based on a screenplay co-written with the director's brother, Tadeusz Różewicz. The film consists of three separate novellas, each narrated from the perspective of children affected by the events of World War II. The film was critically acclaimed, winning prestigious awards at youth-oriented film festivals in Cannes and Venice. The third novella, depicting the struggle of an orphaned Jewish girl to survive, garnered particular interest from critics and researchers. However, the novella's ending – and that of the entire film – sparked controversy. ''Birth Certificate'', with its director distancing himself from debates on Polish wartime heroism, is considered part of the plebeian trend within the Polish Film School movement. Plot ''Birth Certificate'' is divided into three novellas. The first, ''Na drodze'' (''On the Road''), takes place in September ...
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Stanisław Różewicz
Stanisław Roch Różewicz (16 August 1924 – 9 November 2008) was a Polish film director and screenwriter. He directed 26 films between 1947 and 1989. His 1967 film ''Westerplatte (film), Westerplatte'' was entered into the 5th Moscow International Film Festival where it won a Silver Prize. His 1985 film ''Woman in a Hat'' was entered into the 14th Moscow International Film Festival where it won the Silver Prize. He was a younger brother of Polish poet, dramatist and writer Tadeusz Różewicz. Selected filmography * ''Warsaw Premiere'' (1951) * ''Free City'' (1958) * ''Birth Certificate'' (1961) * ''Westerplatte (film), Westerplatte'' (1967) * ''Passion (movie 1977), Passion'' (1977) * ''Woman in a Hat'' (1985) * ''Night Guest'' (1989) References External links

* 1924 births 2008 deaths Polish film directors People from Radomsko 20th-century Polish screenwriters Polish male screenwriters 20th-century Polish male writers Recipients of the Medal of the 40th Anniv ...
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Zdzisław Mrożewski
Zdzisław Mrożewski (21 May 1909 – 5 July 2002) was a Polish actor. He appeared in 30 films between 1932 and 1981. He starred in the 1977 film '' Death of a President'', which was entered into the 28th Berlin International Film Festival, where it won the Silver Bear for an outstanding artistic contribution. Partial filmography * ''Ulani, ulani, chlopcy malowani'' (1932) * ''Warsaw Premiere'' (1951) - Count Alfred * ''Niedaleko Warszawy'' (1954) - Engineer Antoni Przewlocki * ''Podhale w ogniu'' (1956) - Gadra * ''Farewells'' (1958) - Pawel's Father * ''Rok pierwszy'' (1960) - dziedzic Woloka * ''Rzeczywistosc'' (1961) * ''Dzis w nocy umrze miasto'' (1961) - Professor * '' Swiadectwo urodzenia'' (1961) - Doctor Orzechowski (segment "Kropla krwi") * ''Drugi czlowiek'' (1961) * ''Glos z tamtego swiata'' (1962) - Professor Choberski, Urszula's Father * ''Pevnost na Rýne'' (1962) - General Gordon * ''Glos ma prokurator'' (1965) * ''Westerplatte'' (1967) - Lt. Col. Wincenty S ...
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Piotrków Trybunalski
Piotrków Trybunalski (; also known by #Etymology, alternative names), often simplified to Piotrków, is a city in central Poland with 71,252 inhabitants (2021). It is the capital of Piotrków County and the second-largest city in the Łódź Voivodeship. Founded in the late Middle Ages, Piotrków was once a Royal city in Poland, royal city and holds an important place in Polish history; the first Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, parliament sitting was held here in the 15th century. It then became the seat of a Crown Tribunal, the highest court of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The city also hosted one of Poland's oldest History of Jews in Poland, Jewish communities, which was entirely destroyed by the Holocaust. The old town in Piotrków features many historical and architectural monuments, including tenements, churches, synagogues and the medieval Piotrków Trybunalski Castle, Royal Castle. Etymology and other names According to tradition, but not confirmed ...
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Spała
Spała is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Inowłódz, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies on the Pilica River, approximately west of Inowłódz, east of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and south-east of the regional capital Łódź. The village gives its name to the protected area called Spała Landscape Park. Notable occurrences * Spała was the location of a hunting lodge owned by Emperor Nicholas II of Russia. In 1912 Grigori Rasputin allegedly healed the Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich, who suffered from haemophilia, from a near-fatal hemorrhage Bleeding, hemorrhage, haemorrhage or blood loss, is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels. Bleeding can occur internally, or externally either through a natural opening such as the mouth, nose, ear, urethra, .... * Spała was the site of the Central European Jamboree in 1935, and of the International Young Physicists' Tournament in 19 ...
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Łódź
Łódź is a city in central Poland and a former industrial centre. It is the capital of Łódź Voivodeship, and is located south-west of Warsaw. Łódź has a population of 655,279, making it the country's List of cities and towns in Poland, fourth largest city. Łódź first appears in records in the 14th century. It was granted city rights, town rights in 1423 by the Polish King Władysław II Jagiełło and it remained a private town of the Kuyavian bishops and clergy until the late 18th century. In the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, Łódź was annexed to Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia before becoming part of the Napoleonic Duchy of Warsaw; the city joined Congress Poland, a Russian Empire, Russian client state, at the 1815 Congress of Vienna. The Second Industrial Revolution (from 1850) brought rapid growth in textile manufacturing and in population owing to the inflow of migrants, a sizable part of which were Jews and Germans. Ever since the industrialization of the ...
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The Independent
''The Independent'' is a British online newspaper. It was established in 1986 as a national morning printed paper. Nicknamed the ''Indy'', it began as a broadsheet and changed to tabloid format in 2003. The last printed edition was published on Saturday 26 March 2016, leaving only the online edition. The daily edition was named National Newspaper of the Year at the 2004 British Press Awards. ''The Independent'' won the Brand of the Year Award in The Drum Awards for Online Media 2023. History 1980s Launched in 1986, the first issue of ''The Independent'' was published on 7 October in broadsheet format.Dennis Griffiths (ed.) ''The Encyclopedia of the British Press, 1422–1992'', London & Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1992, p. 330. It was produced by Newspaper Publishing plc and created by Andreas Whittam Smith, Stephen Glover and Matthew Symonds. All three partners were former journalists at ''The Daily Telegraph'' who had left the paper towards the end of Lord Hartwell' ...
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Tadeusz Konwicki
Tadeusz Konwicki (22 June 1926 – 7 January 2015) was a Polish writer and film director, as well as a member of the Polish Language Council. Life Konwicki was born in 1926 as the only son of Jadwiga Kieżun and Michał Konwicki in Naujoji Vilnia, where he spent his early childhood. His father died early and Konwicki lived with his great-aunt and great-uncle who he later depicted in his novels. He attended a local Sigismund Augustus Gymnasium in Vilnius. World War II Immediately following the outbreak of World War II, Vilnius was occupied by the Soviet Union and subsequently by Nazi Germany, and all education for Poles was discontinued. Konwicki continued his studies underground and joined the Home Army's that took part in Operation Tempest and Operation Ostra Brama. He later disarmed and went into hiding from the Soviet Army. In November 1944, he joined Tur's (Witold Turonek) unit and fought until April 28, 1945 - one of the last guerrilla units in the area. After the ...
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Jerzy Toeplitz
Jerzy Bonawentura Toeplitz (24 November 190924 July 1995) was a Polish film educator and theorist. He was a co-founder of the national film school in Łódź, Poland, now known as now known as Łódź Film School, which had a significant impact on Polish cinema, as well as foundation director of the Australian Film, Television and Radio School (AFTRS) in Sydney in 1973, which has been the training ground for many of Australia's most well-known filmmakers. Early life and education Jerzy Bonawentura Toeplitz was born in 24 November 1909 in Kharkiv, Kharkov (Kharkiv), then in the Russian Empire, now in Ukraine. He was one of four children of social activist and town planner Teodor Toeplitz and his wife Halina (née Odrzywolska), who were History of the Jews in Poland, Jewish. In 1910 the family moved to Warsaw in 1910, where Teodor became a member of the Warsaw city council in 1919. Toeplitz studied law at the University of Warsaw, graduation with a Master of Laws in 1933, but ...
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Aleksander Ścibor-Rylski
Aleksander Ścibor-Rylski (16 March 1928 – 3 April 1983) was a Polish screenwriter and film director. He wrote for more than 25 films between 1951 and 1981. he was born in aristocratic family of Clan Ostoja. Selected filmography * ''Rok pierwszy'' (1960) * ''The Impossible Goodbye'' (1962) * ''Black Wings (film), Black Wings'' (1963) * ''The Ashes (film), The Ashes'' (1965) * ''Man of Marble'' (1976) * ''Dagny (film), Dagny'' (1977) * ''Man of Iron'' (1981) See also * Zbigniew Ścibor-Rylski * Clan Ostoja * Ostoja coat of arms References External links

* 1928 births 1983 deaths Polish film directors People from Grudziądz 20th-century Polish screenwriters Polish male screenwriters 20th-century Polish male writers Recipients of the Medal of the 10th Anniversary of the People's Republic of Poland {{Poland-film-director-stub ...
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Jan Rybkowski
Jan Izydor Rybkowski (4 April 1912 – 29 December 1987) was a Polish film director. He directed 30 films between 1949 and 1984. His 1961 film ''Tonight a City Will Die'' was entered into the 2nd Moscow International Film Festival. Two years later, he was a member of the jury at the 3rd Moscow International Film Festival. Selected filmography * ''Warsaw Premiere'' (1951) * ''Nikodem Dyzma'' (1956) * ''Kapelusz pana Anatola'' (1957) * ''Pan Anatol szuka miliona'' (1958) * ''Inspekcja pana Anatola'' (1959) * ''Tonight a City Will Die'' (1961) * ''Spotkanie w "Bajce"'' aka ''Meeting in the Fable'' (1962) * ''Chłopi'' (TV series) (1972) * ''The Peasants (1973 film), The Peasants'' (1973) * ''Gniazdo'' (1974) * ''Rodzina Połanieckich'' (TV series) (1978) * ''Kariera Nikodema Dyzmy'' (TV series) (1980) References External links

* 1912 births 1987 deaths Polish film directors People from Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski 20th-century Polish screenwriters Polish male screenwrit ...
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Leonard Andrzejewski
Leonard Henryk Andrzejewski (1 March 1924 – 18 October 1997) was a Polish actor. He appeared in the television series '' Ballada o Januszku'' in 1988-89. He was a winner of the Medal of the 10th Anniversary of People's Poland The Medal of the 10th Anniversary of People's Poland (Polish: ''Medal 10-lecia Polski Ludowej'') is a former Polish civil state award established by the Council of State on 23 May 1954 to recognize services to the state. It was created to mark ... in 1955 and the Meritorious Activist of Culture in 1977. References Polish male actors 1924 births 1997 deaths 20th-century Polish male actors Recipients of the Meritorious Activist of Culture badge Recipients of the Medal of the 10th Anniversary of the People's Republic of Poland {{Poland-actor-stub ...
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Janusz Paluszkiewicz
Janusz Paluszkiewicz (20 March 1912 – 19 February 1990) was a Polish actor. He appeared in more than 50 films and television shows between 1952 and 1988. Filmography References External links * 1912 births 1990 deaths Polish male film actors Male actors from Łódź Recipients of the Medal of the 40th Anniversary of the People's Republic of Poland {{Poland-actor-stub ...
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