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Birmingham Stock Exchange
The Birmingham Stock Exchange originally opened in 1845. The imposing offices on the corner of Great Charles Street and Margaret Street, now a Grade II listed building, were home to the city's stock exchange from 1928 onwards, and were the centre of Birmingham stockbroking until their closure in 1986 after the Big Bang The Big Bang event is a physical theory that describes how the universe expanded from an initial state of high density and temperature. Various cosmological models of the Big Bang explain the evolution of the observable universe from t .... Its function was to raise capital through joint stock issues for manufacturers, mineral extractors and railway companies. The Birmingham Stock Exchange Association was formed in 1845, though an association of share brokers was apparently in existence before that date. It first met in the old Royal Hotel, then, after being held in various hired rooms in Waterloo Passage from , it moved in to Newhall Street, where ...
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Grade II Listed Buildings In Manchester
There are many Grade II listed buildings in the City of Manchester, England. The majority of Manchester's listed buildings date from the Victorian (1837–1901) and Edwardian era (1901–1911), most as a consequence of the Industrial Revolution. In England and Wales the authority for listing is granted by the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 and is administered by English Heritage, an agency of the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. There are three categories of listing – Grade I, Grade II* and Grade II. Grade I is the highest listing category usually reserved for buildings of international stature; only 2.5% of listed buildings are Grade I. Grade II* comprises 5.5% of all listed building and are historic works worthy of special interest. The lowest and most common listing is Grade II, reserved for works which are architecturally, culturally or historically notable and warrant preservation. Manchester has fifteen Grade I listed buildin ...
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Big Bang (financial Markets)
The phrase Big Bang, used in reference to the sudden deregulation of financial markets, was coined to describe measures, including abolition of fixed commission charges and of the distinction between stockjobbers and stockbrokers on the London Stock Exchange and change from open outcry to screen-based electronic trading, effected by UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in 1986. History Big Bang was the result of an agreement in 1983 by the Thatcher government and the London Stock Exchange to settle a wide-ranging antitrust case that had been initiated during the previous government by the Office of Fair Trading against the London Stock Exchange under the Restrictive Trade Practices Act 1956. These restrictive practices included the London Stock Exchange's rules establishing fixed minimum commissions, the "single capacity" rule (which enforced a separation between brokers acting as agents for their clients on commission and jobbers who made the markets and theoretically provi ...
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Joint Stock Company
A joint-stock company is a business entity in which shares of the company's stock can be bought and sold by shareholders. Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion, evidenced by their shares (certificates of ownership). Shareholders are able to transfer their shares to others without any effects to the continued existence of the company. In modern-day corporate law, the existence of a joint-stock company is often synonymous with incorporation (possession of legal personality separate from shareholders) and limited liability (shareholders are liable for the company's debts only to the value of the money they have invested in the company). Therefore, joint-stock companies are commonly known as corporations or limited companies. Some jurisdictions still provide the possibility of registering joint-stock companies without limited liability. In the United Kingdom and in other countries that have adopted its model of company law, they are known as unlimited companies. In ...
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Financial Services Companies Established In 1845
Finance is the study and discipline of money, currency and capital assets. It is related to, but not synonymous with economics, the study of Production (economics), production, Distribution (economics), distribution, and Consumption (economics), consumption of money, assets, goods and services (the discipline of financial economics bridges the two). Finance activities take place in Financial system, financial systems at various scopes, thus the field can be roughly divided into Personal finance, personal, Corporate finance, corporate, and public finance. In a financial system, assets are bought, sold, or traded as Financial instrument, financial instruments, such as Currency, currencies, Loan, loans, Bond (finance), bonds, Share (finance), shares, Stock, stocks, Option (finance), options, Futures contract, futures, etc. Assets can also be Bank, banked, Investment, invested, and Insurance, insured to maximize value and minimize loss. In practice, Financial risk, risks are alway ...
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Grade II Listed Buildings In Birmingham
Grade most commonly refers to: * Grade (education), a measurement of a student's performance * Grade, the number of the year a student has reached in a given educational stage * Grade (slope), the steepness of a slope Grade or grading may also refer to: Music * Grade (music), a formally assessed level of profiency in a musical instrument * Grade (band), punk rock band * Grades (producer), British electronic dance music producer and DJ Science and technology Biology and medicine * Grading (tumors), a measure of the aggressiveness of a tumor in medicine * The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach * Evolutionary grade, a paraphyletic group of organisms Geology * Graded bedding, a description of the variation in grain size through a bed in a sedimentary rock * Metamorphic grade, an indicatation of the degree of metamorphism of rocks * Ore grade, a measure that describes the concentration of a valuable natural material in the surroundi ...
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