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Bir IV
Bir IV (Biri bin Dunama) was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1444–1445, ruling during a century-long chaotic period of internal and external conflict. Life Bir's father was named Dunama, perhaps the same figure as ''mai'' Dunama IV (r. 1423–1425). In 1444, ''mai'' Kade III was defeated and killed by his rival Dunama V Ahmad Dunama V Ahmad (Aḥmad Dunama bin Biri) was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1445–1449, ruling during a century-long chaotic period of internal and external conflict. Life Dunama Ahmad was a son of Bir III Othman Bir III Othman (B .... Bir IV was then made ''mai''. Bir ruled very briefly, being succeeded by Dunama V Ahmad as ''mai'' in 1445. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Bir 04 Rulers of the Bornu Empire 15th-century monarchs in Africa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Mais Of Kanem–Bornu
The ''mai'' (sometimes translated as king or emperor) was the monarch of the Kanem–Bornu Empire from its foundation 700 until the ''mai''s were replaced as rulers by the List of shehus of Bornu, ''shehu''s in the mid-19th century. The line of ''mai''s is largely reconstructed through the ''girgam'', the empire's royal chronicle. The ''girgam'' was preserved through oral tradition before transcriptions by European scholars in the mid-19th century. The ''girgam'' is not entirely reliable since it was preserved orally and contains some contradictions between different versions. There is however a large degree of agreement across different versions of the ''girgam'' as to the names of rulers and the lengths of their reigns. Because the slightly different versions of the ''girgam'' and a lack of precise dates, names and lengths of reign assigned to the ''mai''s may differ in different sources. For the sake of comparison, this list includes dates from different authors for each ruler. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kanem–Bornu Empire
The Kanem–Bornu Empire was an empire based around Lake Chad that once ruled areas which are now part of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Libya, Algeria, Sudan, and Chad. The empire was sustained by the prosperous trans-Saharan trade and was one of the oldest and longest-lived List of kingdoms and empires in African history, empires in African history. The foundation and early history of the Kanem–Bornu Empire is poorly known. The state is typically dated to have been founded around the year 700, though it may have been established centuries earlier or later. The ruling Duguwa dynasty ruled from their capital Njimi in the Kanem (region), Kanem region and used the ruling title ''List of mais of Kanem–Bornu, mai''. By the 11th century, the Duguwa had been replaced by the Sayfawa dynasty and the empire had converted to Islam. Economic factors and conflict with the Bilala people caused the empire to lose Kanem in the 14th century. ''Mai'' Omar I of Kanem, Omar I re-centered the empire i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kade III
Kade III (Kade bin ʿUthmān) was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1440–1444, ruling during a century-long chaotic period of internal and external conflict. Life Later Kanem–Bornu chronicles designate Kade as a son of Othman, though it is unclear if Othman I, Othman II, or Othman III Kalinumuwa is meant. The German researcher Dierk Lange believes Kade to have been a son of Othman III Kalinumuwa. In 1440, Kade murdered the unpopular ''mai'' Ibrahim II. Ibrahim was also a "son of Othman" and may thus have been Kade's brother. After a short reign, Kade was defeated and killed by a rival, Dunama V Ahmad. He was succeeded as ''mai'' by Bir IV Bir IV (Biri bin Dunama) was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1444–1445, ruling during a century-long chaotic period of internal and external conflict. Life Bir's father was named Dunama, perhaps the same figure as ''mai'' Dunama I .... References {{DEFAULTSORT:Kade 03 Rulers of the Bornu Empire 15th-cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dunama V Ahmad
Dunama V Ahmad (Aḥmad Dunama bin Biri) was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1445–1449, ruling during a century-long chaotic period of internal and external conflict. Life Dunama Ahmad was a son of Bir III Othman Bir III Othman (Biri, Biri ʿUthmān, or ʿUthmān bin Idrīs) was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1390–1422, ruling during a century-long chaotic period of internal and external conflict. Life Bir Othman was a son of Idris I and ... (r. 1390–1422). Dunama Ahmad is first recorded as a rival of ''mai'' Kade III, whom he defeated and killed in 1444. Kade was succeeded as ''mai'' by Bir IV, who ruled only until 1445, when Dunama Ahmad became ''mai''. Dunama Ahmad ruled until 1449, when he was succeeded as ''mai'' by Muhammad III. Dunama and his consort Zainab had at least one son, Ali I Gaji. Notes References {{DEFAULTSORT:Dunama 05 Ahmad Rulers of the Bornu Empire 15th-century monarchs in Africa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dunama IV
Dunama IV (Dunama bin ʿUmar) was the ''mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1423–1425, ruling during a century-long chaotic period of internal and external conflict. Life Dunama was a son of Omar I. Dunama became ''mai'' in 1423, succeeding Othman III Kalinumuwa Othman III Kalinumuwa (ʿUthmān Kalinumuwa bin Dāwūd), also spelled Kalinumawa, was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1422–1423, ruling during a century-long chaotic period of internal and external conflict. Life Othman Kalinumuwa ..., his first cousin once removed, who had been overthrown by the ''kaigama'' (chief general) Nikale bin Ibrahim and the ''yerima'' (another high official) Kade. Dunama was murdered after a short reign and was succeeded as ''mai'' by his brother Abdullah III Dakumuni. Notes References {{DEFAULTSORT:Dunama 04 Rulers of the Bornu Empire 15th-century monarchs in Africa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rulers Of The Bornu Empire
A ruler, sometimes called a rule, scale, line gauge, or metre/meter stick, is an instrument used to make length measurements, whereby a length is read from a series of markings called "rules" along an edge of the device. Usually, the instrument is rigid and the edge itself is a straightedge ("ruled straightedge"), which additionally allows one to draw straighter lines. Rulers are an important tool in geometry, geography and mathematics. They have been used since at least 2650 BC. Variants Rulers have long been made from different materials and in multiple sizes. Historically, they were mainly wood but plastics have also been used. They can be created with length markings instead of being scribed. Metal is also used for more durable rulers for use in the workshop; sometimes a metal edge is embedded into a wooden desk ruler to preserve the edge when used for straight-line cutting. Typically in length, though some can go up to 100 cm, it is useful for a ruler to be on a des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
