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Biological Passport
An athlete biological passport is an individual electronic record for professional athletes, in which profiles of biological markers of doping and results of doping tests are collated over a period of time. Doping violations can be detected by noting variances from an athlete's established levels outside permissible limits, rather than testing for and identifying illegal substances. Although the terminology ''athlete passport'' is recent, the use of biological markers of doping has a long history in anti-doping. Maybe the first marker of doping that tries to detect a prohibited substance not based on its presence in urine or blood but instead the induced deviations in biological parameters is the testosterone over epitestosterone ratio (T/E). The T/E has been used by sports authorities since the beginning of the 1980s to detect anabolic steroids in urine samples. A decade later, in 1997, markers of blood doping were introduced by some international federations, such as the Union ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biometric Passport
A biometric passport (also known as an electronic passport, e-passport or a digital passport) is a passport that has an embedded electronic microprocessor chip, which contains biometrics, biometric information that can be used to authenticate the identity of the passport holder. It uses contactless smart card technology, including a microprocessor chip (computer chip) and antenna (for both power to the chip and communication) embedded in the front or back cover, or centre page, of the passport. The passport's critical information is printed on the data page of the passport, repeated on the Machine-readable passport, machine readable lines and stored in the chip. Public key infrastructure (PKI) is used to authenticate the data stored electronically in the passport chip, making it expensive and difficult to forge when all security mechanisms are fully and correctly implemented. Most countries are issuing biometric passports to their citizens. Malaysia was the first country to iss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Road Bicycle Racing
Road bicycle racing is the cycle sport discipline of road cycling, held primarily on Road surface, paved roads. Road racing is the most popular professional form of bicycle racing, in terms of numbers of competitors, events and spectators. The two most common competition formats are mass start events, where riders start simultaneously (though sometimes with a Handicapping, handicap) and race to a set finish point; and time trials, where individual time trial, individual riders or team time trial, teams race a course alone against the clock. Stage races or "tours" take multiple days, and consist of several mass-start or time-trial stages ridden consecutively. Professional racing originated in Western Europe, centred in France, Spain, Italy and the Low Countries. Since the mid-1980s, the sport has diversified, with races held at the professional, semi-professional and amateur levels, worldwide. The sport is governed by the (UCI). As well as the UCI's annual UCI Road World Champio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franco Pellizotti
Franco Pellizotti (born 15 January 1978) is an Italian former professional road bicycle racer, who rode professionally between 2001 and 2018 for the Alessio, , and teams. Pellizotti now works as a directeur sportif for the team. Career Early career Pellizotti was born in Latisana, Udine, Friuli-Venezia Giulia. During his career, Pellizotti was known as a climbing specialist and won Stage 10 in the 2006 Giro d'Italia, Stage 16 in the 2008 Giro d'Italia and Stage 17 in the 2009 Giro d'Italia. After finishing third overall in the 2009 Giro, he won the polka dot jersey in Paris as the best climber of the 2009 Tour de France (which has been cancelled), as well as named the Most Combative (Aggressive) Rider on Stages 9 and 17. At the start of each race, Pellizotti was seen making the sign of the cross and kissing a crucifix around his neck. Doping ban On 3 May 2010, Pellizotti's name was released by La Gazzetta dello Sport as being one of several riders under investigation by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2012 Tour De France
The 2012 Tour de France was the 99th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tour (cycling), Grand Tours. It started in the Belgian city of Liège on 30 June and finished on the Champs-Élysées stage in the Tour de France, Champs-Élysées in Paris on 22 July. The Tour consisted of 21 race stage, stages, including an opening prologue (cycling), prologue, and covered a total distance of . As well as the prologue, the first two stages took place in Belgium, and one stage finished in Switzerland. Bradley Wiggins () won the overall General classification in the Tour de France, general classification, and became the first British rider to win the Tour. Wiggins's teammate Chris Froome placed second, and Vincenzo Nibali () was third. The general classification leader's yellow jersey was worn for the first week by Fabian Cancellara (), who won the prologue. Wiggins, second in the prologue, took the leadership of the race on stage seven, the first mountainous stage, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2010 Tour De France
The 2010 Tour de France was the 97th edition of the Tour de France cycle race, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It started on with an 8.9 km prologue time trial in Rotterdam, the first start in the Netherlands since 1996. The race visited three countries: the Netherlands, Belgium and France, and finished on on the Champs-Élysées in Paris. The total length was including in time-trials. Following an opening prologue time trial, the first three stages passed through the Netherlands and Belgium on routes designed to replicate some features of the spring classic cycle races. This included seven cobblestone sectors totaling , the longest distance of cobblestones in the Tour since 1983, on stage 3. There were six mountain stages, three of them with mountaintop finishes, and two medium mountain stages. In the 100th anniversary year of their first inclusion on the Tour, the emphasis was on the Pyrenees, with two ascents of the Col du Tourmalet. The Tour was initially won by Al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2009 Tour De France
The 2009 Tour de France was the 96th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It started on 4 July in the principality of Monaco with a individual time trial which included a section of the Circuit de Monaco. The race visited six countries: Monaco, France, Spain, Andorra, Switzerland and Italy, and finished on 26 July on the Champs-Élysées in Paris. The total length was , including in time-trials. There were seven mountain stages, three of which had mountaintop finishes, and one medium-mountain stage. The race had a team time trial for the first time since 2005, the shortest distance in individual time trials since 1967, and the first penultimate-day mountain stage in the Tour's history. 2007 winner Alberto Contador won the race by a margin of 4′11″, having won both a mountain and time trial stage. His team also took the team classification. and supplied the initial third-place finisher, Lance Armstrong. Armstrong's achievement was later voided by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Denis Menchov
Denis Nikolayevich Menshov (often mistakenly romanized as Menchov, ; born 25 January 1978) is a former professional Russian road bicycle racer, who rode as a professional between 2000 and 2013. He was best known as a general classification rider, a climbing specialist, climber and an accomplished time trialist. In 2005 he finished second in the Vuelta a España and in 2007 he finished as the champion. He also won the centenary Giro d'Italia in 2009 and finished second in the Tour de France in 2010 becoming the first Russian to do so. He was later disqualified from that Tour de France, as well as the 2009 and 2012 editions, owing to adverse biological passport findings. Professional career Banesto (2000–2004) Born in Oryol, Menchov started his professional career in 2000 with the team of José Miguel Echavarri. His first success came in 2001, when he won the Tour de l'Avenir, a stage race for young professionals. A year later he won a stage in the Dauphiné Liberé. In 2003, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saunier Duval–Scott
Saunier is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Greg Saunier (born 1969), American drummer for the band Deerhoof * Matthieu Saunier (born 1990), French footballer * Pierre-Paul Saunier (1751–1818), French gardener and explorer See also *Lons-le-Saunier Lons-le-Saunier () is a commune and capital of the Jura Department, eastern France. Geography The town is in the heart of the Revermont region, at the foot of the first plateau of the Jura massif. The Jura escarpment extends to the east a ..., French commune {{surname, Saunier French-language surnames ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rubén Lobato (cyclist)
Rubén Lobato Elvira (born September 1, 1978, in San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid) is a Spanish former professional road bicycle racer who competed for (2002), Domina Vacanze-Elitron (2003) and Saunier Duval (2004–2008). On July 16, 2010, the UCI suspended him for 2 years, effective immediately, for irregularities in his BIO-passport, making him eligible for return July 16, 2012. Major results ;2001 : 2nd Overall Circuito Montañés : 8th Coppa Placci ;2002 : 7th GP du canton d'Argovie : 7th Subida al Naranco ;2003 : 1st Memorial Manuel Galera : 6th Subida al Naranco : 7th Trofeo Melinda ;2004 : 5th GP Lugano ;2005 : 1st Mountains classification, Tour de Romandie : 2nd Circuito de Getxo The Circuito de Getxo () is a single-day road bicycle race held annually in July in Getxo Getxo () (Spanish: ''Guecho'') is a town located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country (autonomous community), Basq ... : 8th GP Villafranca de Ordizia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leif Hoste
Leif Hoste (born 17 July 1977) is a retired Belgian professional road racing cyclist, who last rode for UCI Professional Continental Team team . Born in Kortrijk, Hoste's career highlights included winning two stages and the overall title at the 2006 Three Days of De Panne, the 2001, 2006 and 2007 Belgian national time trial championships, and a second-place finish at the 2004, 2006 and 2007 one-day classic Tour of Flanders. At the 2006 Paris–Roubaix, after finishing second, Hoste was disqualified by the race jury for illegally riding through a closed level crossing along with Peter Van Petegem and Vladimir Gusev (who were also disqualified). On 29 March 2013, the Belgian cycling federation began a doping case against Hoste. On 13 July 2014 it was confirmed by the UCI that Hoste had been banned for two years until 29 December 2015 for biological passport irregularities. Major results ;1998 : 1st Stage 1 Tour de l'Avenir : 1st Stage 3 Circuito Montañés ;1999 : 5th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francesco De Bonis
Francesco De Bonis (born 14 April 1982 in Isola del Liri) is an Italian former professional road cyclist. In 2008 he won the fourth stage and the mountains classification of the Tour de Romandie. He also rode in the 2009 Giro d'Italia, finishing 79th overall. On 27 May 2010, based on discrepancies in his biological passport, De Bonis was suspended for two years by the Italian Olympic Committee after a request from the International Cycling Union. Major results ;2007 : 1st GP Folignano : 1st Trofeo Internazionale Bastianelli ;2008 : Tour de Romandie The Tour de Romandie is a stage race which is part of the UCI World Tour. It runs through the Romandie region, or French-speaking part of Switzerland. The competition began in 1947, to coincide with the 50-year anniversary of Swiss Cycling. It ... ::1st Mountains classification ::1st Stage 4 References External links * 1982 births Living people People from Isola del Liri Cyclists from Lazio Italian male cyclists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pietro Caucchioli
Pietro Caucchioli (born 22 August 1975 in Bovolone, Veneto) is an Italian professional road racing cyclist. His two-stage wins at the 2001 Giro d'Italia and a podium finish (3rd place) at the 2002 Giro are his finest career accomplishments. Major results ;1992 :3rd Road race, National Junior Road Championships ;1997 :1st Circuito Belvedere ;1998 :1st Circuito Belvedere :4th Overall Giro Ciclistico d'Italia ;1999 :1st Stage 4 Giro della Provincia di Lucca :3rd Trofeo Calvià :7th Overall Vuelta a Murcia :8th Giro di Romagna :9th Trofeo Melinda :9th Trofeo dello Scalatore ;2000 :8th Overall Giro del Trentino :8th GP Industria & Artigianato Larciano :8th Giro dell'Appennino ;2001 :7th Overall Vuelta a Andalucía :8th Coppa Ugo Agostoni :9th Overall Giro d'Italia ::1st Stages 8 & 17 ;2002 :1st Stage 3 Vuelta a Aragón :3rd Overall Giro d'Italia :6th Gran Premio di Lugano :8th Trofeo Pantalica ;2003 :2nd Overall Giro della Provincia di Lucca ::1st Stage 3 :2nd Overall R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
