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Binocular Vision
Binocular vision is seeing with two eyes. The Field_of_view, field of view that can be surveyed with two eyes is greater than with one eye. To the extent that the visual fields of the two eyes overlap, #Depth, binocular depth can be perceived. This allows objects to be recognized more quickly, camouflage to be detected, spatial relationships to be perceived more quickly and accurately (#Stereopsis, stereopsis) and perception to be less susceptible to optical illusions, optical illusions. In secion #Medical, Medical attention is paid to the occurrence, defects and sharpness of binocular vision. In section #Biological, Biological the occurrence of binocular vision in animals is described. Geometric terms When the left eye (LE) and the right eye (RE) observe two objects X and Y, the following concepts are important:Krol J.D.(1982),"Perceptual ghosts in stereopsis, a ghosly problem in binocular vision", PhD thesis ISBN 90-9000382-7.Koenderink J.J.;van Doorn A.J. (1976) "Geometry of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Field Of View
The field of view (FOV) is the angle, angular extent of the observable world that is visual perception, seen at any given moment. In the case of optical instruments or sensors, it is a solid angle through which a detector is sensitive to electromagnetic radiation. It is further relevant in ''angle of view, photography''. Humans and animals In the context of human and primate vision, the term "field of view" is typically only used in the sense of a restriction to what is visible by external apparatus, like when wearing spectacles or virtual reality goggles. Note that eye movements are allowed in the definition but do not change the field of view when understood this way. If the analogy of the eye's retina working as a sensor is drawn upon, the corresponding concept in human (and much of animal vision) is the visual field. It is defined as "the number of degrees of visual angle during stable fixation of the eyes".Strasburger, Hans; Pöppel, Ernst (2002). Visual Field. In G. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyclopean Image
Cyclopean image is a single mental image of a scene created by the brain through the process of combining two images received from both eyes. The mental process behind the Cyclopean image is crucial to stereo vision. Autostereograms take advantage of this process in order to trick the brain to form an apparent Cyclopean image from seemingly random patterns. These random patterns often appear in daily life, such as in art, children's books, and architecture. Cyclopean image is named after the mythical being, Cyclops, a creature possessing one single eye. The single refers to the way stereo sighted viewers perceive the center of their fused visual field as lying between the two physical eyes, as if seen by a cyclopean eye. Alternative terms for cyclopean eye include third central imaginary eye and binoculus. The term ''cyclopean stimuli'' refer to a form of visual stimuli that is defined by binocular disparity alone. It was named after the one-eyed Cyclops of Homer’s ''Odyssey''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Double-nail Illusion
The double-nail illusion is a #Multi-modal_illusion, multi-modal illusion in which two similar physical objects, that are located the one behind the other in depth, do not appear to be visually behind each other but next to each other, in depth approximately halfway between the two physically present objects. This observation cannot be explained on the basis of classical theories of Stereopsis, binocular depth perception (Krol 1982, p. 28-33), but it can be explained with binocular #Ghosts_in_a_neural_network, ghosts in a neural network. The basic setup was mentionned in 1950 by Rønne and rediscovered and systematically investigated in 1978 by Krol, see the #Research_history, reaearch history. The conditions for the illusion and the main observations are described under #Basic_double-nail_illusion, basic double-nail illusion, under #Measurements_of_ghost_images, measurements of ghost images and under #Variations, variations. Related observations are listed under #Edges_and_s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Wheatstone
Sir Charles Wheatstone (; 6 February 1802 – 19 October 1875) was an English physicist and inventor best known for his contributions to the development of the Wheatstone bridge, originally invented by Samuel Hunter Christie, which is used to measure an unknown electrical resistance, and as a major figure in the development of telegraphy. His other contributions include the English concertina, the stereoscope (a device for displaying three-dimensional images) and the Playfair cipher (an encryption technique). Life Charles Wheatstone was born in Barnwood, Gloucestershire. His father, W. Wheatstone, was a music-seller in the town, who moved to 128 Pall Mall, London, four years later, becoming a teacher of the flute. Charles, the second son, went to a village school, near Gloucester, and afterwards to several institutions in London. One of them was in Kennington, and kept by a Mrs. Castlemaine, who was astonished at his rapid progress. From another he ran away, but was captured ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Types Of Stereopsis
Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * Type (Unix), a command in POSIX shells that gives information about commands. * Type safety, the extent to which a programming language discourages or prevents type errors. * Type system, defines a programming language's response to data types. Mathematics * Type (model theory) * Type theory, basis for the study of type systems * Arity or type, the number of operands a function takes * Type, any proposition or set in the intuitionistic type theory * Type, of an entire function ** Exponential type Biology * Type (biology), which fixes a scientific name to a taxon * Dog type, categorization by use or function of domestic dogs Lettering * Type is a design concept for lettering used in typography which helped bring about modern textual printi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metric Depth
Metric or metrical may refer to: Measuring * Metric system, an internationally adopted decimal system of measurement * An adjective indicating relation to measurement in general, or a noun describing a specific type of measurement Mathematics In mathematics, metric may refer to one of two related, but distinct concepts: * A function which measures distance between two points in a metric space * A metric tensor, in differential geometry, which allows defining lengths of curves, angles, and distances in a manifold Natural sciences * Metric tensor (general relativity), the fundamental object of study in general relativity, similar to the gravitational field in Newtonian physics * Senses related to measurement: ** Metric system, an internationally adopted decimal system of measurement ** Metric units, units related to a metric system ** International System of Units, or ''Système International'' (SI), the most widely used metric system * METRIC, a model that uses Landsat satell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Binocular Rivalry
Binocular rivalry is a phenomenon of visual perception in which perception alternates between different images presented to each human eye, eye. When one image is presented to one eye and a very different image is presented to the other (also known as dichoptic presentation), instead of the two images being seen superimposed, one image is seen for a few moments, then the other, then the first, and so on, stochastic, randomly for as long as one cares to look. For example, if a set of vertical lines is presented to one eye, and a set of horizontal lines to the same region of the retina of the other, sometimes the vertical lines are seen with no trace of the horizontal lines, and sometimes the horizontal lines are seen with no trace of the vertical lines. At transitions, brief, unstable composites of the two images may be seen. For example, the vertical lines may appear one at a time to obscure the horizontal lines from the left or from the right, like a traveling wave, switching sl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Utrocular Discrimination
Binocular vision is seeing with two eyes. The field of view that can be surveyed with two eyes is greater than with one eye. To the extent that the visual fields of the two eyes overlap, binocular depth can be perceived. This allows objects to be recognized more quickly, camouflage to be detected, spatial relationships to be perceived more quickly and accurately (stereopsis) and perception to be less susceptible to optical illusions. In secion Medical attention is paid to the occurrence, defects and sharpness of binocular vision. In section Biological the occurrence of binocular vision in animals is described. Geometric terms When the left eye (LE) and the right eye (RE) observe two objects X and Y, the following concepts are important:Krol J.D.(1982),"Perceptual ghosts in stereopsis, a ghosly problem in binocular vision", PhD thesis ISBN 90-9000382-7.Koenderink J.J.;van Doorn A.J. (1976) "Geometry of binocular vision and a model of stereopsis", Biol. Cybern. 21, 29-35. Egocen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panum's Fusion Area
In vision science, the horopter was originally defined in geometric terms as the locus of points in space that make the same angle at each eye with the fixation point, although more recently in studies of binocular vision it is taken to be the locus of points in space that have the same disparity as fixation. This can be defined theoretically as the points in space that project on corresponding points in the two retinas, that is, on anatomically identical points. The horopter can be measured empirically in which it is defined using some criterion. The concept of horopter can then be extended as a geometrical locus of points in space where a specific condition is met: * the binocular horopter is the locus of iso-disparity points in space; * the oculomotor horopter is the locus of iso-vergence points in space. As other quantities that describe the functional principles of the visual system, it is possible to provide a theoretical description of the phenomenon. The measurement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Disparity
Disparity and disparities may refer to: in healthcare: * Health disparities in finance: * Income disparity between females and males. ** Male–female income disparity in the United States ** Income gender gap * Economic inequality * Income inequality metrics * International inequality ** Income inequality in the United States ** Wealth inequality in the United States in science: * Stereopsis, the perception of depth and structure derived from binocular vision * Binocular disparity, binocular cue to determine depth or distance of an object * Ecological disparity, the number of different guilds occupying an ecosystem * Phenotypic disparity, variation of observable characteristics within biological groups * Running disparity, the number of 1 bits minus the number of 0 bits ** Paired disparity code, a pattern that keeps the running disparity close to zero in social science: * Social inequality * Social equality * Social stratification Social stratification refers to a soc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
