Bingata Dyeing
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Bingata Dyeing
() is a traditional stencilled resist dyeing technique originating in Okinawa Prefecture. typically features a busy pattern of repeating nature motifs such as fish, flowers and fauna in a number of bright colours. is worn during traditional Ryukyuan festivals and traditional arts performances. dates from the Ryūkyū Kingdom period (14th century), when the island of Okinawa experienced an influx of foreign goods and manufacturing techniques. It is believed to have developed as a synthesis of Indian, Chinese, and Javanese dyeing processes. Terminology The term was noted in the early 20th century Okinawan usage by Dr. Yoshitaro Kamakura, a Japanese scholar, to refer to painting with dyes. was then defined by Kamakura after he had studied the ancient records as connoting cochineal red with cinnabar, which was imported from Fujian, China. Cinnabar red is the most important colour in the production of . Kamakura then concluded that the terminology of "applying " eventually ...
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Cochineal
The cochineal ( , ; ''Dactylopius coccus'') is a scale insect in the suborder Sternorrhyncha, from which the natural dye carmine is derived. A primarily sessility (motility), sessile parasitism, parasite native to tropical and subtropical South America through North America (Mexico and the Southwest United States), this insect lives on Cactus, cacti in the genus ''Opuntia'', feeding on plant moisture and nutrients. The insects are found on the pads of prickly pear cacti, collected by brushing them off the plants, and dried. The insect produces carminic acid that deters predation by other insects. Carminic acid, typically 17–24% of dried insects' weight, can be extracted from the body and eggs, then mixed with aluminium or calcium salts to make carmine dye, also known as cochineal. Today, carmine is primarily used as a Food coloring, colorant in food and in lipstick (Carmine, E120 or Carminic acid, Natural Red 4). Carmine dye was used in the Americas for coloring fabrics and ...
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Ryukyuan Culture
Ryukyuan culture (琉球の文化, ''Ryūkyū no bunka'') are the cultural elements of the indigenous Ryukyuan people, an ethnic group native to Okinawa Prefecture and parts of Kagoshima Prefecture in southwestern Japan. The cultural elements of the Ryukyuans are far from a unified entity, with different islands having their own distinct subculture and practices. Furthermore, the inhabitants of the Tokara and Ōsumi Islands are of Yamato Japanese descent, akin to the inhabitants of mainland Japan. Music There are many styles of music exclusive to the Ryukyu Islands. The most popular one is arguably the genre of eisa from the Okinawa Islands. It typically incorporates dancing, taiko drums and the three-stringed sanshin (Okinawan shamisen). In the Amami Islands of Kagoshima, a musical style known as shima-uta has gained recent popularity in mainland Japan as a result of its usage by contemporary singers. Besides eisa and shima-uta, there are many more traditional styles of ...
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Printed Fabrics
Printing is a process for mass reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The earliest known form of printing as applied to paper was woodblock printing, which appeared in China before 220 AD for cloth printing. However, it would not be applied to paper until the seventh century.Shelagh Vainker in Anne Farrer (ed), "Caves of the Thousand Buddhas", 1990, British Museum publications, Later developments in printing technology include the movable type invented by Bi Sheng around 1040 AD and the printing press invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century. The technology of printing played a key role in the development of the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution and laid the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy and the spread of learning to the masses. History Woodblock printing Woodblock p ...
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Japanese Art Terminology
Japanese may refer to: * Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia * Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan * Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture ** Japanese diaspora, Japanese emigrants and their descendants around the world * Japanese citizens, nationals of Japan under Japanese nationality law ** Foreign-born Japanese, naturalized citizens of Japan * Japanese writing system, consisting of kanji and kana * Japanese cuisine, the food and food culture of Japan See also * List of Japanese people * * Japonica (other) * Japanese studies , sometimes known as Japanology in Europe, is a sub-field of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on Japan. It incorporates fields such as the study of Japanese language, history, culture, litera ... {{disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ...
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List Of Traditional Crafts Of Japan
The is a series of Japanese crafts specially recognized and designated as such by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry (formerly, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Minister of International Trade and Industry) in accordance with the 1974 . As of 17 October 2024, 243 crafts have been so designated. Background As set out in Article 1 of the 1974 Act, the purpose of Traditional Craft industries and their promotion is to enrich the lives of the citizens and, due to their particular geographic nature, contribute to the development of local economies and, thereby, that of the nation as a whole. This economic angle helps distinguish the designation of Traditional Crafts under the 1974 Act from that of traditional crafts as Intangible Cultural Property (Japan), Intangible Cultural Properties under the Cultural Property (Japan)#Present 1950 Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, 1950 Law for the Protection of Cultural ...
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Yaeyama Jofu
is a traditional Japanese textile made from the ramie plant that is produced mainly on Ishigaki Island in the Yaeyama Islands, Okinawa. Known for its lightness and breathability, the fabric features distinctive patterns and is used for summer kimono and obi. In 2024, Sakchiko Arakaki of Ishigaki Island was officially recognized as a Living National Treasure (Japan), Living National Treasure (Holder of Important Intangible Cultural Property) for her mastery of Yaeyama Jofu weaving. History The production of ramie cloth in the Yaeyama Islands is believed to have begun by the 15th century. Under the Ryukyu Kingdom, the cloth was presented as tribute. After the Satsuma Domain invaded the Ryukyu Islands in 1609, residents were taxed with fabric production, and head poll tax was levied in the form of handwoven cloth. During the 18th and 19th centuries, Yaeyama jofu developed its own identity, distinct from Miyako jofu, with a focus on bold kasuri patterns. A new technique called w ...
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Miyako Jofu
is a traditional Japanese textile made from the ramie plant that is produced in Miyakojima, Okinawa. It often features a design and has a glossy finish and high breathability. In 1975, was recognized as a traditional craft by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI). In 1978, it was designated as Intangible Cultural Property by the Japanese government. The manufacturing method of ramie thread for , known as was chosen as a Selected Conservation Technique in 2003. History Records of ramie textile production dating back to the 15th century have been found in the Joseon Korean text . According to one origin story, the textile was presented to the Ryukyu kingdom by a Miyako woman, Toji Inaishi, following her husband's appointment as a funeral priest. Another story suggests that the wife of a shipbuilder had woven cloth from ramie to show her gratitude to the Ryukyu king when her husband was awarded a land grant. With the invasion of the Ryukyu Islands by the Satsuma ...
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Kimono
The is a traditional Japanese garment and the national dress of Japan. The kimono is a wrapped-front garment with square sleeves and a rectangular body, and is worn Garment collars in hanfu#Youren (right lapel), left side wrapped over right, unless the wearer is deceased. The kimono is traditionally worn with a broad sash, called an , and is commonly worn with accessories such as zōri sandals and socks. Kimonos have a set method of construction and are typically made from a long, narrow bolt of cloth known as a , though Western-style fabric bolts are also sometimes used. There are different types of kimono for men, women, and children, varying based on the occasion, Seasonal Wardrobe Change in Japan, the season, the wearer's age, and – less commonly in the modern day – the wearer's marital status. Despite the kimono's reputation as a formal and difficult-to-wear garment, there are types of kimono suitable for both formal and informal occasions. The way a person wear ...
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Aleurone
Aleurone (from Greek ''aleuron'', flour) is a protein found in protein granules of maturing seeds and tubers. The term also describes one of the two major cell types of the endosperm, the aleurone layer. The aleurone layer is the outermost layer of the endosperm, followed by the inner starchy endosperm. This layer of cells is sometimes referred to as the peripheral endosperm. It lies between the pericarp and the hyaline layer of the endosperm. Unlike the cells of the starchy endosperm, aleurone cells remain alive at maturity. The ploidy of the aleurone is (3n) s a result of double fertilization Description The aleurone layer surrounds the endosperm tissue of grass seeds and is morphologically and biochemically distinct from it. Starchy endosperm cells are large, irregularly shaped cells and contain starch grains while aleurone cells are cuboidal in shape and contain aleurone grains. In most cultivated cereals ( wheat">wheat species, rye, oats">rye.html" ;"title="wheat">wheat speci ...
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Indian Ink
India ink (British English: Indian ink; also Chinese ink) is a simple black or coloured ink once widely used for writing and printing and now more commonly used for drawing and outlining, especially when inking comic books and comic strips. India ink is also used in medical applications. Compared to other inks, such as the iron gall ink previously common in Europe, India ink is noted for its deep, rich black color. It is commonly applied with a paintbrush (such as an ink brush) or a dip pen. In East Asian traditions such as ink wash painting and Chinese calligraphy, India ink is commonly used in a solid form called an inkstick. Composition Basic India ink is composed of a variety of fine soot, known as ''lampblack'', combined with water to form a liquid. No binder material is necessary: the carbon molecules are in colloidal suspension and form a waterproof layer after drying. A binding agent such as gelatin or, more commonly, shellac may be added to make the ink more durable ...
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