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Biji Kurdistan
Biji Kurdistan (, ; ) is a popular slogan expressing Kurdish patriotism and support for the independence of Kurdistan. The phrase is widely used in Kurdish nationalist and cultural movements. Despite its Kurdish nationalist nature, the president of Iran, Ebrahim Raisi, shouted the phrase during his trip to Sanandaj in 2022. In Turkey, Its use has led to legal repercussions; in 2024, a Kurdish academic was detained for posting it online, and another was warned by a university for similar actions. Critics argue that criminalizing the slogan violates freedom of speech and stifles peaceful dialogue. Usage and significance "Biji Kurdistan" is chanted during political rallies, festivals, and activism, symbolizing Kurdish unity and resistance. It is prominent in diaspora activism, such as weekly vigils in abroad demanding freedom for Abdullah Öcalan. The phrase gained additional significance during celebrations of Kurdish resistance against the Islamic State in 2014. See also * Ku ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bijî Serok Apo
Bijî Serok Apo, Kurdish for "Long live leader Apo," is a slogan used by supporters of Abdullah Öcalan, the leader of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). Apo is an abbreviation for Abdullah, but it can also mean uncle. The slogan can lead to prosecution in Turkey and Germany. History Its origin can be traced back to a concert at the University of Cologne, Germany on 11 May 1984, when Koma Berxwedan gave a concert in support of the PKK. The party organ Serxwebûn reported that the crowd shouted Bijî Serok Apo at the end of the concert. Since then, it has become a common slogan for Kurdish political activists. More recently, it was heard during a 2009 press conference in Batman, Turkey, where politicians of the Democratic Society Party (DTP) read a press statement on the 10th anniversary of the abduction of Abdullah Öcalan. In 2014, it was shouted during a march against the terror designation of the PKK in Cologne, Germany. The phrase is also used by fighters of the People ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freedom Of Speech By Country
Freedom of speech is the concept of the inherent human right to voice one's opinion publicly without fear of censorship or punishment. "Speech" is not limited to public speaking and is generally taken to include other forms of expression. The right is preserved in the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights and is granted formal recognition by the laws of most nations. Nonetheless, the degree to which the right is upheld in practice varies greatly from one nation to another. In many nations, particularly those with authoritarian forms of government, overt government censorship is enforced. Censorship has also been claimed to occur in other forms and there are different approaches to issues such as hate speech, obscenity, and defamation laws. The following list is partially composed of the respective countries' government claims and does not fully reflect the '' de facto'' situation, however many sections of the page do contain information about the validity of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Catchphrases
Politics () is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of status or resources. The branch of social science that studies politics and government is referred to as political science. Politics may be used positively in the context of a "political solution" which is compromising and non-violent, or descriptively as "the art or science of government", but the word often also carries a negative connotation.. The concept has been defined in various ways, and different approaches have fundamentally differing views on whether it should be used extensively or in a limited way, empirically or normatively, and on whether conflict or co-operation is more essential to it. A variety of methods are deployed in politics, which include promoting one's own political views among people, negotiation with other political subjects, making laws, and exercising internal and external f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurdish Culture
Kurdish culture is a group of distinctive cultural traits practiced by Kurdish people. The Kurdish culture is a legacy from ancient peoples who shaped modern Kurds and their society. Kurds are an Iranian ethnic group who live in the northern Middle East, in a region that the Kurds call Greater Kurdistan. Greater Kurdistan lies along the Zagros Mountains and the Taurus Mountains, and today comprises northeastern Iraq, northwestern Iran, northeastern Syria, and southeastern Turkey. Miscellaneous There is a lot of controversy about the Kurdish people from their origins, their history, and even their political future. Kurds are one of the largest ethnic groups that do not have an independent state recognized universally. Language Kurdish (Kurdî) is part of the North-Western division of the Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family. Folklore The Kurds have a rich folkloric tradition which is increasingly endangered as a result of modernization, urbanization, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mothers Of Diyarbakır
The Mothers of Diyarbakır () is a group of Kurds, Kurdish mothers who gather daily for a sit-in protest against the Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey), Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP), demanding the return of their children who allegedly were deceived or kidnapped by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). The sit-in takes places outside the Diyarbakır headquarters of the HDP. In contrast to the Saturday Mothers in Istanbul, who also ask for the whereabouts of their relatives and whose protests face oppression from the police, the Mothers of Diyarbakır group are supported by the Turkish police who escort them home in the evenings, and are protected by the local state prosecutor. The Media in Turkey, pro-government media also support the group. History Before the action in Diyarbakır, similar complaints arose from time to time from mothers urging their sons to surrender to the security authorities. Aytekin Yılmaz, a former PKK member who wrote books about the organization, said ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freedom Of Speech In Turkey
Censorship in Turkey is regulated by domestic and international legislation, the latter (in theory) taking precedence over domestic law, according to Article 90 of the Constitution of Turkey (so amended in 2004). Despite legal provisions, freedom of the press in Turkey has steadily deteriorated from 2010 onwards, with a precipitous decline following the attempted coup in July 2016. The Turkish government of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has arrested hundreds of journalists, closed or taken over dozens of media outlets, and prevented journalists and their families from traveling. By some accounts, Turkey currently accounts for one-third of all journalists imprisoned around the world. Since 2013, Freedom House ranks Turkey as "Not Free".Freedom HouseTurkey 2015 Press Freedom report Reporters Without Borders ranked Turkey at the 149th place out of over 180 countries, between Mexico and DR Congo, with a score of 44.16.Reporters Without BordersTurkey In the third quarter of 2015, the indep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Woman, Life, Freedom
Woman, Life, Freedom (, (), ) is a popular political Kurds, Kurdish slogan used in both the Kurdish Nationalism, Kurdish independence and Democratic confederalism, democratic confederalist movements. The slogan became a rallying cry during the Mahsa Amini protests, protests which occurred in Iran as a response to the death of Mahsa Amini. The phrase rapidly became a universal rallying cry, symbolizing resistance against oppression and the fight for women's rights. Origin The origin of the slogan can be traced to the Kurdish freedom movement of the late twentieth century. The first time that the slogan was used was by members of the Kurdish women's movement, part of the Kurdish freedom movement which was founded on grassroots activism in response to persecution from the governments of Iran, Iraq, Turkey and Syria. The slogan was popularized further by Kurdish figures such as Abdullah Öcalan, in his anti-capitalist and anti-patriarchal writings. Since its first use, the slog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic State
The Islamic State (IS), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and Daesh, is a transnational Salafi jihadism, Salafi jihadist organization and unrecognized quasi-state. IS occupied significant territory in Iraq and Syria in 2013, but lost most of it in 2019. In 2014, the group proclaimed itself to be a worldwide caliphate, and claimed religious, political, and military authority over all Muslims worldwide, a claim not accepted by the vast majority of Muslims. It is List of designated terrorist groups, designated as a terrorist organisation by the United Nations and many countries around the world, including Muslim world, Muslim countries. By the end of 2015, its self-declared caliphate ruled an area with a population of about 12 million, where they enforced their extremist interpretation of Islamic law, managed an annual budget exceeding billion, and commanded more than 30,000 fighters. After a grinding co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slogan
A slogan is a memorable motto or phrase used in a clan or a political, commercial, religious, or other context as a repetitive expression of an idea or purpose, with the goal of persuading members of the public or a more defined target group. The '' Oxford Dictionary of English'' defines a slogan as "a short and striking or memorable phrase used in advertising". A slogan usually has the attributes of being memorable, very concise and appealing to the audience. Etymology The word ''slogan'' is derived from ''slogorn'', which was an Anglicisation of the Scottish Gaelic and Irish ( 'army', 'host' and 'cry').Merriam-Webster (2003), p. 1174. Irish George E. Shankel's (1941, as cited in Denton 1980) research states that "English-speaking people began using the term by 1704". The term at that time meant "the distinctive note, phrase or cry of any person or body of persons". Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the Middle Ages; they were used primarily as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdullah Öcalan
Abdullah Öcalan ( ; ; born 4 April 1948 or 1949), also known as Apo (short for Abdullah in Turkish; Kurdish for "uncle"), is a founding member of the militant Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). Öcalan was based in Syria from 1979 to 1998. He helped found the PKK in 1978, and led it into the Kurdish–Turkish conflict in 1984. For most of his leadership, he was based in Syria, which provided sanctuary to the PKK until the late 1990s. After being forced to leave Syria, Öcalan was abducted by the Turkish National Intelligence Organization (MIT) in Nairobi, Kenya in February 1999 and imprisoned on İmralı island in Turkey, where after a trial he was sentenced to death under Article 125 of the Turkish Penal Code, which concerns the formation of armed organizations. The sentence was commuted to aggravated life imprisonment when Turkey abolished the death penalty. From 1999 until 2009, he was the sole prisoner in İmralı prison in the Sea of Marmara, where he is still held. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freedom Of Speech
Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or legal sanction. The rights, right to freedom of expression has been recognised as a Human rights, human right in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and international human rights law. Many countries have constitutional law that protects free speech. Terms like ''free speech'', ''freedom of speech,'' and ''freedom of expression'' are used interchangeably in political discourse. However, in a legal sense, the freedom of expression includes any activity of seeking, receiving, and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used. Article 19 of the UDHR states that "everyone shall have the right to hold opinions without interference" and "everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right shall include freedom to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas of all kinds, re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
