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Biatora Pausiaca
''Biatora pausiaca'' is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), leprose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. Found in the United States, it was formally described as a new species in 2003 by the lichenologists Christian Printzen and Tor Tønsberg. Its are 3.5–6.5 μm wide, and it does not contain any lichen products detectable with thin-layer chromatography. It is closely related to ''Biatora vezdana''; these two species form a clade that itself has a sister A sister is a woman or a girl who shares parents or a parent with another individual; a female sibling. The male counterpart is a brother. Although the term typically refers to a familial relationship, it is sometimes used endearingly to ref ... relationship with '' Biatora radicicola''. References pausiaca Lichen species Lichens described in 2003 Lichens of the Northwestern United States Taxa named by Tor Tønsberg Taxa named by Christian Printzen {{Lecanorales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tor Tønsberg
Tor Tønsberg (born 1948 in Oslo) is a Norwegian lichenologist who has made significant contributions to the taxonomy, chemistry, floristics, and phytogeography of lichens and lichenicolous fungi. Throughout his career, he has described more than one hundred species and genera new to science, advancing the knowledge of lichens in Europe and North America. Early life and education Tønsberg grew up in Bekkelagshøgda, Nordstrand, in the eastern part of Oslo. He developed an early interest in nature, frequently visiting the nearby lake Østensjøvannet and the forests of Østmarka with his younger brother Knut. His systematic nature and passion for collecting began in childhood, where he organized a "museum" in the basement of his parents' house. Summers at his family's farm, Myrvang, in Majavatn in Grane Municipality in northern Norway, also played a significant role in fostering his love for the natural world. His grandfather, a frequent companion on hikes and fishing tours ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corticolous Lichen
A corticolous lichen is a lichen that grows on bark.Alan Silverside's Lichen Glossary (a-f), Alan Silverside/ref> This is contrasted with lignicolous lichen, which grows on wood that has had the bark stripped from it,Alan Silverside's Lichen Glossary (g-o), Alan Silverside/ref> and saxicolous lichen, which grows on rock.Alan Silverside's Lichen Glossary (p-z), Alan Silverside/ref> Examples of corticolous lichens include the crustose lichen Crustose lichens are lichens that form a crust which strongly adheres to the Substrate (biology), substrate (soil, rock, tree bark, etc.), making separation from the substrate impossible without destruction. The basic structure of crustose lichen ... '' Graphis plumierae'', foliose lichen '' Melanohalea subolivacea'' and the fruticose '' Bryoria fuscescens''.Náttúrufræðistofnun Íslands celandic Institute of Natural History(1996). Válisti 1: Plöntur.' (in Icelandic) Reykjavík: Náttúrufræðistofnun Íslands. See also * Phyllopsora ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leprose Lichen
Lichens are symbiotic organisms made up of multiple species: a fungus, one or more photobionts (an alga and/or a cyanobacteria) and sometimes a yeast. They are regularly grouped by their external appearance – a characteristic known as their growth form. This form, which is based on the appearance of vegetative part of the lichen (its thallus), varies depending on the species and the environmental conditions it faces. Those who study lichens (lichenologists) have described a dozen of these forms: areolate, byssoid, calicioid, cladoniform, crustose, filamentous, foliose, fruticose, gelatinous, leprose, placodioid and squamulose. Traditionally, crustose lichen, crustose (flat), foliose lichen, foliose (leafy) and fruticose lichen, fruticose (shrubby) are considered to be the three main forms. In addition to these more formalised, traditional growth types, there are a handful of informal types named for their resemblance to the lichens of specific genera. These include alectorioid, c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramalinaceae
The Ramalinaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Lecanorales. First proposed by Carl Adolph Agardh in 1821, the family now comprises 63 genera and about 750 species. Ramalinaceae lichens exhibit diverse growth forms, including crustose, fruticose, squamulose, leprose, and byssoid thalli, and form symbiotic relationships primarily with green algae of the genus ''Trebouxia''. The family is characterised by pale-coloured thalli, apothecia (fruiting bodies) that are typically pale but may darken with age, and ascospores that vary in shape and septation. Members of the Ramalinaceae are found in a wide range of habitats worldwide, from coastal fog deserts to boreal, temperate, and tropical forests. Some genera, such as '' Namibialina'', '' Vermilacinia'', and '' Niebla'', are endemic to specific coastal desert regions, whilst others like '' Ramalina'' have an almost worldwide distribution. Several species within the family face conservation challenges due to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Description
A species description is a formal scientific description of a newly encountered species, typically articulated through a scientific publication. Its purpose is to provide a clear description of a new species of organism and explain how it differs from species that have been previously described or related species. For a species to be considered valid, a species description must follow established guidelines and naming conventions dictated by relevant nomenclature codes. These include the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) for animals, the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) for plants, and the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) for viruses. A species description often includes photographs or other illustrations of type material and information regarding where this material is deposited. The publication in which the species is described gives the new species a formal scientific name. Some 1.9 million ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichen Product
Lichen products, also known as lichen substances, are organic compounds produced by a lichen. Specifically, they are secondary metabolites. Lichen products are represented in several different chemical classes, including terpenoids, orcinol derivatives, chromones, xanthones, depsides, and depsidones. Over 800 lichen products of known chemical structure have been reported in the scientific literature, and most of these compounds are exclusively found in lichens. Examples of lichen products include usnic acid (a dibenzofuran), atranorin (a depside), lichexanthone (a xanthone), salazinic acid (a depsidone), and isolichenan, an α-glucan. Many lichen products have biological activity, and research into these effects is ongoing. Biosynthesis Most lichen products are biochemically synthesized via the acetyl-polymalonyl pathway (also known as polyketide pathway), while only a few originate from the mevalonate and shikimate biosynthetic pathways. Occurrence Lichen products accumu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thin-layer Chromatography
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatography technique that separates components in non-volatile mixtures. It is performed on a TLC plate made up of a non-reactive solid coated with a thin layer of adsorbent material. This is called the stationary phase. The sample is deposited on the plate, which is eluted with a solvent or solvent mixture known as the mobile phase (or eluent). This solvent then moves up the plate via capillary action. As with all chromatography, some compounds are more attracted to the mobile phase, while others are more attracted to the stationary phase. Therefore, different compounds move up the TLC plate at different speeds and become separated. To visualize colourless compounds, the plate is viewed under UV light or is stained.Jork, H., Funk, W., Fischer, W., Wimmer, H. (1990): Thin-Layer Chromatography: Reagents and Detection Methods, Volume 1a, VCH, Weinheim, Testing different stationary and mobile phases is often necessary to obtain well-defined an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biatora Vezdana
''Biatora'' is a genus of lichens in the family Ramalinaceae. Originally circumscribed in 1817,Fries EM, Sandberg A. (1817). ''Lichenum dianome nova''. Lund. the genus consists of crustose and squamulose lichens with green algal photobionts, biatorine apothecia, colorless, simple to 3-septate ascospores, and bacilliform pycnospores. Description ''Biatora'' species are crustose lichens with a spreading () thallus that may appear thin and somewhat membranous in places. The surface is often cracked () and, in species that grow in association with mosses, may be or warted. The thallus is typically creamy white, dull green, glaucous green, or green-grey and lacks a distinct outer protective layer (). Some species produce soredia, small reproductive that facilitate dispersal. A , the initial fungal layer that some lichens form before developing a full thallus, is absent. The photosynthetic partner () is a alga, a group characterized by spherical to broadly ellipsoidal cells. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clade
In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach to taxonomy adopted by most biological fields. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or Extant taxon, extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed ''monophyletic'' (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming Taxon, taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not Monophyly, monophyletic. Some of the relationships between organisms that the molecul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister Group
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and taxon B are sister groups to each other. Taxa A and B, together with any other extant or extinct descendants of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), form a monophyletic group, the clade AB. Clade AB and taxon C are also sister groups. Taxa A, B, and C, together with all other descendants of their MRCA form the clade ABC. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree which offers yet more sister group relationships, both among the leaves and among larger, more deeply rooted clades. The tree structure shown connects through its root to the rest of the universal tree of life. In cladistic standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens, species, genera, or any other taxonomic units. If A and B are at the same taxono ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biatora Radicicola
''Biatora radicicola'' is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) and saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. It is found in various locations in Europe, where it grows in sheltered and humid microhabitats, often on exposed root bark at the base of trees. Taxonomy The lichen was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Christian Printzen, Zdeněk Palice, and Josef Halda. The type specimen was collected by Halda from Nové Město nad Metují at an altitude of ; there, the lichen was found growing on the bark of the exposed roots of ''Carpinus betulus''. The species epithet ''radicicola'' combines the Latin word ''rādīce'' (root) and the suffix ''-cola'' ("one who inhabits") to refer to its preferred habitat. Description The dull green-grey to olive-green crustose thallus of ''Biatora radicicola'' has irregular cracks and sometimes tiny warts on an otherwise smooth surface. There is no visible hypothallus, and the lichen also lacks the veget ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biatora
''Biatora'' is a genus of lichens in the family Ramalinaceae. Originally circumscribed in 1817,Fries EM, Sandberg A. (1817). ''Lichenum dianome nova''. Lund. the genus consists of crustose and squamulose lichens with green algal photobionts, biatorine apothecia, colorless, simple to 3-septate ascospores, and bacilliform pycnospores. Description ''Biatora'' species are crustose lichens with a spreading () thallus that may appear thin and somewhat membranous in places. The surface is often cracked () and, in species that grow in association with mosses, may be or warted. The thallus is typically creamy white, dull green, glaucous green, or green-grey and lacks a distinct outer protective layer (). Some species produce soredia, small reproductive that facilitate dispersal. A , the initial fungal layer that some lichens form before developing a full thallus, is absent. The photosynthetic partner () is a alga, a group characterized by spherical to broadly ellipsoidal cells. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
