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Biatora Pacifica
''Biatora pacifica'' is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. It is found in Russia, Japan, and South Korea, where it grows along the Pacific coast. It inhabits the bark of a variety of coniferous and deciduous plants. Taxonomy The species was formally described as new to science in 2016 by lichenologists Christian Printzen, Tor Tønsberg, and Göran Thor. The type specimen was collected on Moneron Island (Nevelsky District, Sakhalin) at an elevation between ; there, the lichen was found growing on bark at the base of an old ''Abies sachalinensis'' tree. The species epithet ''pacifica'' refers to its distribution along the Pacific Coast. Description The whitish to greenish-grey thallus surface of ''Biatora pacifica'' is thick, rough, and crumbling, (''tartareous'') with warts, and in rare instances forms areoles that are 0.1–0.25 mm in diameter. It lacks a visible hypothallus, as well as the vegetative propagules isidia and s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corticolous Lichen
A corticolous lichen is a lichen that grows on bark.Alan Silverside's Lichen Glossary (a-f), Alan Silverside/ref> This is contrasted with lignicolous lichen, which grows on wood that has had the bark stripped from it,Alan Silverside's Lichen Glossary (g-o), Alan Silverside/ref> and saxicolous lichen, which grows on rock.Alan Silverside's Lichen Glossary (p-z), Alan Silverside/ref> Examples of corticolous lichens include the crustose lichen Crustose lichens are lichens that form a crust which strongly adheres to the Substrate (biology), substrate (soil, rock, tree bark, etc.), making separation from the substrate impossible without destruction. The basic structure of crustose lichen ... '' Graphis plumierae'', foliose lichen '' Melanohalea subolivacea'' and the fruticose '' Bryoria fuscescens''.Náttúrufræðistofnun Íslands celandic Institute of Natural History(1996). Válisti 1: Plöntur.' (in Icelandic) Reykjavík: Náttúrufræðistofnun Íslands. See also * Phyllopsora ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photobiont
A lichen ( , ) is a hybrid colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among filaments of multiple fungus species, along with yeasts and bacteria embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. . Lichens are the lifeform that first brought the term symbiosis (as ''Symbiotismus'') into biological context. Lichens have since been recognized as important actors in and producers which many higher trophic feeders feed on, such as reindeer, gastropods, nematodes, mites, and springtails. Lich ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acer Mono
''Acer pictum'' subsp. ''mono'', commonly known as painted maple or mono maple in English, or in Japan, wu jiao feng () in China, or gorosoe () or gorosoenamu () in Korea, is a species of maple. Description ''Acer pictum'' subsp. ''mono'' grows 15-20m tall and a trunk that is 60–100 cm wide. Its leaves have 5-7 lobes. Taxonomy The tree has the following synonyms: * ''Acer laetum'' var. ''parviflorum'' Regel * ''Acer mono'' Maxim. (basionym) * ''Acer pictum'' var. ''mono'' (Maxim.) Maxim. ex Franch. * ''Acer truncatum'' subsp. ''mono'' (Maxim.) A. E. Murray Distribution The tree is native to Japan, Korea, China, Mongolia, and the Russian Far East The Russian Far East ( rus, Дальний Восток России, p=ˈdalʲnʲɪj vɐˈstok rɐˈsʲiɪ) is a region in North Asia. It is the easternmost part of Russia and the Asia, Asian continent, and is coextensive with the Far Easte .... References Aceraceae Acer pictum Thunb. subsp. mono ( Maxim. ) H.Oha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abies Koreana
''Abies koreana'' (, ''Gusang namu''), the Korean fir, is a species of fir native to the higher mountains of South Korea, including Jeju Island. It grows at altitudes of in temperate rainforest with high rainfall and cool, humid summers, and heavy winter snowfall. Description It is a small to medium-sized evergreen coniferous tree growing to tall with a trunk diameter of up to , smaller and sometimes shrubby at the tree line. The bark is smooth with resin blisters and grey-brown in colour. The leaves are needle-like, flattened, long and wide by thick, glossy dark green above, and with two broad, vividly white bands of stomata below, and slightly notched at the tip. The leaf arrangement is spiral on the shoot, but with each leaf variably twisted at the base so they lie mostly either side of and above the shoot, with fewer below the shoot. The shoots are green-grey at first, maturing pinkish-grey, with scattered fine pubescence. The cones are long and broad, dark purple-blue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biatora Pontica
''Biatora pontica'' is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), leprose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. It is a widely distributed species, having been recorded in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. Taxonomy ''Biatora pontica'' was formally described as a new species in 2003 by lichenologists Christian Printzen and Tor Tønsberg. The type specimen was collected by the first author in the Trebizond vilayet southeast of Uzungöl, at an altitude of ; there, in a dense ''Picea orientalis'' forest, it was found growing on the bark of a middle-aged tree. The species epithet ''pontica'' refers to the presence of "pontica" pigments in the lichen. Description The thallus of ''Biatora pontica'' is formed from , or small rounded areas. These areoles, in the non-sorediate parts, can either be embedded within or superficially connected to the . Their colour can range from a verdant green to yellowish-grey, and each areola can reach up to 1.2 mm in diameter. Bright green to y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivanpisutia Oxneri
''Biatora oxneri'' is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. It is found in the Russian Far East and in South Korea. Taxonomy The species was formally described as new to science in 2015 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Laszlo Lőkös, and Jae-Seoun Hur. The type specimen was collected along the Kamenisty stream (Khasan district, Primorsky Krai); there, in a deciduous forest, the lichen was found growing on the bark of a deciduous tree, closely associated with an individual of '' Ochrolechia pallescens'' that had itself been damaged by '' Opegrapha verseghyklarae''. The species epithet honours Ukrainian lichenologist Alfred M. Oxner (1898–1973), who, according to the authors, "made important contributions to our current knowledge of Eastern and Northern Asian lichens". Kondratyuk and colleagues initially placed the taxon in genus '' Ivanpisutia''. Christian Printzen and Sonja Kistenich transferred the taxon to ''Biatora'' in 2018 follow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biological Pigment
A biological pigment, also known simply as a pigment or biochrome, is a substance produced by living organisms that have a color resulting from selective Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), color absorption. Biological pigments include plant pigments and flower pigments. Many biological structures, such as skin, eyes, feathers, fur and hair contain pigments such as melanin in specialized cells called chromatophores. In some species, pigments accrue over very long periods during an individual's lifespan. Pigment color differs from structural color in that it is the same for all viewing angles, whereas structural color is the result of selective Reflection (physics), reflection or iridescence, usually because of multilayer structures. For example, butterfly wings typically contain structural color, although many butterflies have cells that contain pigment as well. Biological pigments See conjugated systems for electron bond chemistry that causes these molecules to have pigm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthone
Xanthone is an organic compound with the molecular formula C13H8O2. It is a white solid. In 1939, xanthone was introduced as an insecticide and it currently finds uses as ovicide for codling moth eggs and as a larvicide. Xanthone is also used in the preparation of xanthydrol, which is used in the determination of urea levels in the blood. It can also be used as a photocatalyst. Synthesis Xanthone can be prepared by the heating of phenyl salicylate: Six methods have been reported for synthesizing xanthone derivatives: *The Michael-Kostanecki method uses an equimolar mix of a polyphenol and an ''O''-hydroxybenzoic acid, which are heated with a dehydrating agent. *The Friedel-Crafts method has a benzophenone intermediate. *The Robinson-Nishikawa method is a variant of the Hoesch synthesis but with low yields. *The Asahina-Tanase method synthesizes some methoxylated xanthones, and xanthones with acid-sensitive substituents. *The Tanase method is used to synthesize po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thin-layer Chromatography
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatography technique that separates components in non-volatile mixtures. It is performed on a TLC plate made up of a non-reactive solid coated with a thin layer of adsorbent material. This is called the stationary phase. The sample is deposited on the plate, which is eluted with a solvent or solvent mixture known as the mobile phase (or eluent). This solvent then moves up the plate via capillary action. As with all chromatography, some compounds are more attracted to the mobile phase, while others are more attracted to the stationary phase. Therefore, different compounds move up the TLC plate at different speeds and become separated. To visualize colourless compounds, the plate is viewed under UV light or is stained.Jork, H., Funk, W., Fischer, W., Wimmer, H. (1990): Thin-Layer Chromatography: Reagents and Detection Methods, Volume 1a, VCH, Weinheim, Testing different stationary and mobile phases is often necessary to obtain well-defined an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Septum
In biology, a septum (Latin language, Latin for ''something that encloses''; septa) is a wall, dividing a Body cavity, cavity or structure into smaller ones. A cavity or structure divided in this way may be referred to as septate. Examples Human anatomy * Interatrial septum, the wall of tissue that is a sectional part of the left and right atria of the heart * Interventricular septum, the wall separating the left and right ventricles of the heart * Lingual septum, a vertical layer of fibrous tissue that separates the halves of the tongue *Nasal septum: the cartilage wall separating the nostrils of the nose * Alveolar septum: the thin wall which separates the Pulmonary alveolus, alveoli from each other in the lungs * Orbital septum, a palpebral ligament in the upper and lower eyelids * Septum pellucidum or septum lucidum, a thin structure separating two fluid pockets in the brain * Uterine septum, a malformation of the uterus * Septum of the penis, Penile septum, a fibrous w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascospore
In fungi, an ascospore is the sexual spore formed inside an ascus—the sac-like cell that defines the division Ascomycota, the largest and most diverse Division (botany), division of fungi. After two parental cell nucleus, nuclei fuse, the ascus undergoes meiosis (halving of genetic material) followed by a mitosis (cell division), ordinarily producing eight genetically distinct haploid spores; most yeasts stop at four ascospores, whereas some moulds carry out extra post-meiotic divisions to yield dozens. Many asci build turgor, internal pressure and shoot their spores clear of the calm boundary layer, thin layer of still air enveloping the fruit body, whereas subterranean truffles depend on animals for biological dispersal, dispersal. Ontogeny, Development shapes both form and endurance of ascospores. A hook-shaped crozier aligns the paired nuclei; a double-biological membrane, membrane system then parcels each daughter nucleus, and successive wall layers of β-glucan, chitosan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascus
An ascus (; : asci) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or species can occur in numbers of one (e.g. '' Monosporascus cannonballus''), two, four, or multiples of four. In a few cases, the ascospores can bud off conidia that may fill the asci (e.g. '' Tympanis'') with hundreds of conidia, or the ascospores may fragment, e.g. some '' Cordyceps'', also filling the asci with smaller cells. Ascospores are nonmotile, usually single celled, but not infrequently may be coenocytic (lacking a septum), and in some cases coenocytic in multiple planes. Mitotic divisions within the developing spores populate each resulting cell in septate ascospores with nuclei. The term ocular chamber, or oculus, refers to the epiplasm (the portion of cytoplasm not used in ascospore formation) that is surrounded by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
