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Bhopal Disaster
On 3 December 1984, over 500,000 people in the vicinity of the Union Carbide India Limited pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India were exposed to the highly toxic gas methyl isocyanate, in what is considered the world's worst industrial disaster. A government affidavit in 2006 stated that the leak caused 558,125 injuries, including 38,478 temporary partial injuries and approximately 3,900 severely and permanently disabling injuries. Estimates vary on the death toll, with the official number of immediate deaths being 2,259. Others estimate that 8,000 died within two weeks, and another 8,000 or more have since died from gas-related diseases. In 2008, the Government of Madhya Pradesh paid compensation to the family members of 3,787 victims killed in the gas release, and to 574,366 injured victims. The owner of the factory, Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL), was majority-owned by the Union Carbide Corporation (UCC) of the United States, with Indian government-contro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhopal
Bhopal (; ISO 15919, ISO: Bhōpāl, ) is the capital (political), capital city of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh and the administrative headquarters of both Bhopal district and Bhopal division. It is known as the ''City of Lakes,'' due to presence of various natural and artificial lakes near the city boundary. It is also one of the greenest cities in India. It is the List of cities in India by population#1 to 50, 16th largest city in India and 131st in the world. After the formation of Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal was part of the Sehore district. It was bifurcated in 1972 and a new district, Bhopal, was formed. Flourishing around 1707, the city was the capital of the former Bhopal State, a princely state of the British ruled by the Nawabs of Bhopal until India's independence in 1947. India achieved independence on 15 August 1947. Bhopal was one of the last states to sign the ‘Instrument of Accession’. The ruler of Bhopal acceded to the Indian government, and Bhopal became an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eveready Industries India
Eveready Industries India Ltd. (EIIL) (originally known as Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL)) is an Indian company that manufactures and markets batteries, lighting products, and related products. The Eveready brand has been present in India since 1905. Eveready was responsible for the Bhopal disaster in 1984, one of the world's largest industrial disasters. It led to over 500,000 injuries and at least 3,787 deaths. EIIL is the world's third largest producer of carbon zinc batteries, selling more than a billion units a year. EIIL is India's largest selling brand of dry cell batteries and flashlights (torches), with dominant market shares of about 46% and 85% respectively. The Group's operating facilities are located at Kolkata, Bengaluru, Noida, Haridwar, Lucknow and Matia (Assam). History Early history EIIL started its operation in India in 1905. The first dry cell batteries were imported from the US and sold in the major cities of the country. These batteries were prim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phosgene
Phosgene is an organic chemical compound with the formula . It is a toxic, colorless gas; in low concentrations, its musty odor resembles that of freshly cut hay or grass. It can be thought of chemically as the double acyl chloride analog of carbonic acid, or structurally as formaldehyde with the hydrogen atoms replaced by chlorine atoms. In 2013, about 75–80 % of global phosgene was consumed for isocyanates, 18% for polycarbonates and about 5% for other fine chemicals. Phosgene is extremely poisonous and was used as a chemical weapon during World War I, where it was responsible for 85,000 deaths. It is a highly potent pulmonary irritant and quickly filled enemy trenches due to it being a heavy gas. It is classified as a Schedule 3 substance under the Chemical Weapons Convention. In addition to its industrial production, small amounts occur from the breakdown and the combustion of organochlorine compounds, such as chloroform. Structure and basic properties Phosgene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methylamine
Methylamine, also known as methanamine, is an organic compound with a formula of . This colorless gas is a derivative of ammonia, but with one hydrogen atom being replaced by a methyl group. It is the simplest primary amine. Methylamine is sold as a solution in methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, or water, or as the anhydrous gas in pressurized metal containers. Industrially, methylamine is transported in its anhydrous form in pressurized railcars and tank trailers. It has a strong odor similar to rotten fish. Methylamine is used as a building block for the synthesis of numerous other commercially available compounds. Industrial production Methylamine has been produced industrially since the 1920s (originally by Commercial Solvents Corporation for dehairing of animal skins). This was made possible by and his wife Eugenia who discovered amination of alcohols, including methanol, on alumina or kaolin catalyst after WWI, filed two patent applications in 1919 and published an a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbaryl
Carbaryl (1-naphthyl methylcarbamate) is a chemical in the carbamate family used chiefly as an insecticide. It is a white crystalline solid previously sold under the brand name Sevin, which was a trademark of the Bayer Company. Union Carbide discovered carbaryl and introduced it commercially in 1958. Bayer purchased Aventis CropScience in 2002, a company that included Union Carbide pesticide operations. Carbaryl was the third-most-used insecticide in the United States for home gardens, commercial agriculture, and forestry and rangeland protection. As a veterinary drug, it is known as carbaril ( INN). Production Carbaryl is often inexpensively produced by direct reaction of methyl isocyanate with 1-naphthol. :C10H7OH + CH3NCO → C10H7OC(O)NHCH3 Alternatively, 1-naphthol can be treated with excess phosgene to produce 1- naphthyl chloroformate, which is then converted to carbaryl by reaction with methylamine. The former process was used in the chemical plant that caused the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law Of India
The List of national legal systems, legal system of India consists of Civil law (common law), civil law, common law, customary law, religious law and corporate law within the legal framework inherited from the colonial era and various legislation first introduced by the British are still in effect in modified forms today. Since the drafting of the Indian Constitution, Indian laws also adhere to the United Nations guidelines on human rights law and the environmental law. Personal law is fairly complex, with each religion adhering to its own specific laws. In most states, registering of marriages and divorces is not compulsory. Separate laws govern Hindus including Sikhs, Jains and Buddhist, Muslims, Christians, and followers of other religions. The exception to this rule is in the state of Goa, where a uniform civil code is in place, in which all religions have a common law regarding marriages, divorces, and adoption. On February 7, 2024, the Indian state of Uttarakhand also i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keshub Mahindra
Keshub Mahindra (9 October 1923 – 12 April 2023) was an Indian businessman and the chairman emeritus of the Mahindra Group, a diversified Indian conglomerate with interests spanning automobiles, software services, hospitality, aerospace and defence. He was the son of K. C. Mahindra, the co-founder of the Mahindra Group. Mahindra retired as chairman in August 2012 after heading the group for nearly five decades, handing over the position to his nephew, Anand Mahindra. Mahindra served on the boards of many Indian companies including Tata Chemicals, Steel Authority of India, Indian Hotels Company Limited, ICICI Bank, and Tata Steel. He was the founding chairman of Housing and Urban Development Corporation, an Indian public sector undertaking focused on housing finance and infrastructure project finance. Biography Mahindra was born on 9 October 1923 in Shimla, in the present-day Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. His father was the industrialist K. C. Mahindra. He gradu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CBS News
CBS News is the news division of the American television and radio broadcaster CBS. It is headquartered in New York City. CBS News television programs include ''CBS Evening News'', ''CBS Mornings'', news magazine programs ''CBS News Sunday Morning'', ''60 Minutes'', and ''48 Hours (TV program), 48 Hours'', and Sunday morning talk show, Sunday morning political affairs program ''Face the Nation''. CBS News Radio produces hourly newscasts for hundreds of radio stations, and also oversees CBS News podcasts like ''Major Garrett, The Takeout Podcast''. CBS News also operates CBS News 24/7, a 24-hour digital news network. Up until April 2021, the president and senior executive producer of CBS News was Susan Zirinsky, who assumed the role on March 1, 2019. Zirinsky, the first female president of the network's news division, was announced as the choice to replace David Rhodes (CBS News President), David Rhodes on January 6, 2019. The announcement came amid news that Rhodes would step do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of the longest-running newspapers in the United States, the ''Times'' serves as one of the country's Newspaper of record, newspapers of record. , ''The New York Times'' had 9.13 million total and 8.83 million online subscribers, both by significant margins the List of newspapers in the United States, highest numbers for any newspaper in the United States; the total also included 296,330 print subscribers, making the ''Times'' the second-largest newspaper by print circulation in the United States, following ''The Wall Street Journal'', also based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' is published by the New York Times Company; since 1896, the company has been chaired by the Ochs-Sulzberger family, whose current chairman and the paper's publ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
District Courts Of India
The district courts of India are the district courts of the state governments in India for every district or for one or more districts together taking into account of the number of cases, population distribution in the district. They administer justice in India at a Districts of India, district level. The civil court/district court is judged by the district and sessions judge who is the judicial head of a district with a limited control over administration also. It is the principal court of Original jurisdiction, original civil law (common law), civil jurisdiction besides the high court of the state and which derives its jurisdiction in civil matters primarily from the Code of Civil Procedure (India), Code of Civil Procedure. The district court is also a court of sessions when it exercises its jurisdiction on criminal matters under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita. The district court is presided over by a district judge appointed by the Governor (India), governor of the st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warren Anderson (American Businessman)
Warren M Anderson (November 29, 1921 – September 29, 2014) was an American businessman who was the chair and CEO of the Union Carbide Corporation (UCC) at the time of the Bhopal disaster in 1984. He was charged with manslaughter by Indian authorities. In 1989 UCC paid $479 million dollars to the Indian government (equivalent to $1.21 billion dollars in 2025) to settle litigation stemming from the disaster. Personal life Anderson was born in 1921 in the Bay Ridge section of Brooklyn, New York, to Swedish immigrants. He was named after the American president Warren Harding. He later attended the naval pre-flight school in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. He married Lillian Anderson. They lived in Bridgehampton, Long Island, New York, and owned houses in Vero Beach, Florida, and Greenwich, Connecticut. He died at a nursing home in Vero Beach, Florida, on September 29, 2014. Bhopal disaster The Bhopal disaster took place in a plant belonging to Union Carbide's Indian subsidiary, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Criminal Law
Criminal law is the body of law that relates to crime. It proscribes conduct perceived as threatening, harmful, or otherwise endangering to the property, health, safety, and Well-being, welfare of people inclusive of one's self. Most criminal law is established by statute, which is to say that the laws are enacted by a legislature. Criminal law includes the punishment and Rehabilitation (penology), rehabilitation of people who violate such laws. Criminal law varies according to jurisdiction, and differs from Civil law (common law), civil law, where emphasis is more on dispute resolution and victim compensation, rather than on punishment or Rehabilitation (penology), rehabilitation. Criminal procedure is a formalized official activity that authenticates the fact of commission of a crime and authorizes punitive or rehabilitative treatment of the Criminal, offender. History The first Civilization, civilizations generally did not distinguish between Civil law (area), civil law and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
