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Bevin Boys
Bevin Boys were young British men Civil conscription, conscripted to work in coal mines between December 1943 and March 1948, to increase the rate of coal production, which had declined through the early years of World War II. The programme was named after Ernest Bevin, the Labour Party (UK), Labour Party politician who was Minister of Labour and National Service in the wartime coalition government. Chosen by lot as 10% of all male Conscription in the United Kingdom, conscripts aged 18–25 (plus some volunteering as an alternative to military conscription) nearly 48,000 Bevin Boys performed vital and dangerous civil conscription service in coal mines. Although the last ballot took place in May 1945 (shortly before Victory in Europe Day, VE Day), the final conscripts were not released from service until March 1948. Few chose to remain working in the Coal mining in the United Kingdom, mining industry after demobilisation; most left for further education or for employment i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bevin Boy- Mining Training At Ollerton, Nottinghamshire, February 1945 D23736
Bevin may refer to: *Bevin (name) Places Real places * Bevin Court, housing project in London * Bevin Glacier, Antarctican glacier * Bevin House, Victorian mansion on Long Island * Mount Bevin, Antarctican mountain Fictional places * Bevin, a neighbourhood of the D'ni caverns in the ''Myst franchise'' of computer games See also * {{disambiguation, geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sixth Form
In the education systems of Barbados, England, Jamaica, Northern Ireland, Trinidad and Tobago, Wales, and some other Commonwealth countries, sixth form represents the final two years of secondary education, ages 16 to 18. Pupils typically prepare for A-level or equivalent examinations like the International Baccalaureate or Cambridge Pre-U. In England, Northern Ireland, and Wales, the term Key Stage 5 has the same meaning. It only refers to academic education and not to vocational education. Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago In some secondary schools in Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago, the sixth and seventh years, are called Lower and Upper Sixth respectively. England and Wales ''Sixth Form'' describes the two school years that are called by many schools the lower sixth (L6) and upper sixth (U6). The term survives from earlier naming conventions used in both the state-maintained and private school systems. Another well known term is Year 12 and 13, carried on from the year g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elizabeth II Of The United Kingdom
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 19268 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She had been queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during her lifetime and was the monarch of 15 realms at her death. Her reign of 70 years and 214 days is the longest of any British monarch, the second-longest of any sovereign state, and the longest of any queen regnant in history. Elizabeth was born in Mayfair, London, during the reign of her paternal grandfather, King George V. She was the first child of the Duke and Duchess of York (later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother). Her father acceded to the throne in 1936 upon the abdication of his brother Edward VIII, making the ten-year-old Princess Elizabeth the heir presumptive. She was educated privately at home and began to undertake public duties during the Second World War, serving i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VE Day
Victory in Europe Day is the day celebrating the formal acceptance by the Allies of World War II of Germany's unconditional surrender of its armed forces on Tuesday, 8 May 1945; it marked the official surrender of all German military operations. Most former Soviet countries, and some others, celebrate on 9 May, as Germany's unconditional surrender entered into force at 23:01 on 8 May Central European Summer Time; this corresponded with 00:01 on 9 May in Moscow Time. Several countries observe public holidays on the day each year, also called Victory Over Fascism Day, Liberation Day, or Victory Day. In the UK, it is often abbreviated to VE Day, a term which existed as early as September 1944, in anticipation of victory. History Adolf Hitler, the Nazi leader, had committed suicide on 30 April during the Battle of Berlin, and Germany's surrender was authorised by his successor, '' Reichspräsident'' Karl Dönitz. The administration headed by Dönitz was known as the Flensb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medal
A medal or medallion is a small portable artistic object, a thin disc, normally of metal, carrying a design, usually on both sides. They typically have a commemorative purpose of some kind, and many are presented as awards. They may be intended to be worn, suspended from clothing or jewellery in some way, although this has not always been the case. They may be struck like a coin by dies or die-cast in a mould. A medal may be awarded to a person or organisation as a form of recognition for sporting, military, scientific, cultural, academic, or various other achievements. Military awards and decorations are more precise terms for certain types of state decoration. Medals may also be created for sale to commemorate particular individuals or events, or as works of artistic expression in their own right. In the past, medals commissioned for an individual, typically with their portrait, were often used as a form of diplomatic or personal gift, with no sense of being an award ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bevin Boy Veteran Badge
Bevin may refer to: * Bevin (name) Places Real places * Bevin Court, housing project in London * Bevin Glacier, Antarctican glacier * Bevin House, Victorian mansion on Long Island * Mount Bevin, Antarctican mountain Fictional places * Bevin, a neighbourhood of the D'ni caverns in the '' Myst franchise'' of computer games See also * {{disambiguation, geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conscientious Objectors
A conscientious objector is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" on the grounds of freedom of conscience or freedom of religion, religion. The term has also been extended to objecting to working for the military–industrial complex due to a crisis of conscience. In some countries, conscientious objectors are assigned to an alternative civilian service as a substitute for conscription or military service. A number of organizations around the world celebrate the principle on May 15 as International Conscientious Objection Day. On March 8, 1995, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights resolution 1995/83 stated that "persons performing military service should not be excluded from the right to have conscientious objections to military service". This was re-affirmed on April 22, 1998, when resolution 1998/77 recognized that "persons [already] performing military service may ''develop'' conscientious objections". History Many cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wagon
A wagon (or waggon) is a heavy four-wheeled vehicle pulled by Working animal#Draft animals, draft animals or on occasion by humans, used for transporting goods, commodities, agricultural materials, supplies and sometimes people. Wagons are immediately distinguished from carts (which have two wheels) and from lighter four-wheeled vehicles primarily for carrying people, such as carriages. Common animals which pull wagons are horses, mules, and oxen. One animal or several, often in pairs or teams may pull wagons. However, there are examples of human-propelled wagons, such as Corf (mining), mining corfs. A wagon was formerly called a wain and one who builds or repairs wagons is a Wainwright (occupation), wainwright. More specifically, a wain is a type of horse- or oxen-drawn, load-carrying vehicle, used for agricultural purposes rather than transporting people. A wagon or cart, usually four-wheeled; for example, a haywain, normally has four wheels, but the term has now acquired s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Face (mining)
In mining, the face is the surface where the mining work is advancing. In surface hi mining it is commonly called pit face, in underground mining Mining is the extraction of valuable geological materials and minerals from the surface of the Earth. Mining is required to obtain most materials that cannot be grown through agricultural processes, or feasibly created artificially in a la ... a common term is mine face. Accordingly, face equipment is the mining equipment used immediately at the mine face used for removal and near-face transportation of the material: cutting machines, loaders, etc."SME Mining Engineering Handbook", 1992, , vol. 2p. 1555/ref> References Mining terminology {{mining-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cresswell, Derbyshire
Creswell is a village located in the Bolsover district of Derbyshire, England. At the 2011 Census population details were included in the civil parish of Elmton-with-Creswell. Today it is best known for Creswell Crags and its model village. Elmton Common is an area of allotments for the township of Creswell. The village was a mining village. Local Government services are provided by Elmton-with-Creswell Parish Council, Bolsover District Council and Derbyshire County Council. Etymology The name of Creswell is Anglo Saxon in origin meaning watercress and well meaning stream or spring. History Whilst Elmton is mentioned in the Domesday Book, Creswell remained a nearby collection of farming houses until the construction of a turnpike road along the present A616 brought added importance. The arrival of the coal-mining industry in the last decade of the 19th century had a dramatic effect on the area and Creswell became the larger community. The name Creswell arose ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Postcard
A postcard or post card is a piece of thick paper or thin cardboard, typically rectangular, intended for writing and mailing without an envelope. Non-rectangular shapes may also be used but are rare. In some places, one can send a postcard for a lower fee than a letter. Stamp collectors distinguish between postcards (which require a postage stamp) and postal cards (which have the postage pre-printed on them). While a postcard is usually printed and sold by a private company, individual or organization, a postal card is issued by the relevant postal authority (often with pre-printed postage). Production of postcards blossomed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. As an easy and quick way for individuals to communicate, they became extremely popular. The study and collecting of postcards is termed ''deltiology'' (from Greek , small writing tablet, and the also Greek ''-logy'', the study of). History 1840 to 1864 Cards with messages have been sporadically created ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bevin Boy- Mining Training At Ollerton, Nottinghamshire, February 1945 D23732
Bevin may refer to: * Bevin (name) Places Real places * Bevin Court, housing project in London * Bevin Glacier, Antarctican glacier * Bevin House, Victorian mansion on Long Island * Mount Bevin, Antarctican mountain Fictional places * Bevin, a neighbourhood of the D'ni caverns in the '' Myst franchise'' of computer games See also * {{disambiguation, geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
