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Bergvall System
The Bergvall system was a variation of the traditional knockout tournament system. It was used at the 1912, 1920 and 1924 Summer Olympics after being devised by Erik Bergvall, a Swedish water polo player, journalist and sports official who wanted to improve on the traditional knockout method used in Olympic competitions. Believing that the traditional knockout system was only fair in deciding the gold medal winner, Bergvall advocated separate competitions should also be held for the silver and bronze medals, probably not knowing a similar system had been in use for sports competitions in the United States as early as 1884. Bergvall also believed that teams knocked out in the early rounds of the main gold medal tournament should be given a second chance: all the teams knocked out by the gold medal winner, including the losing finalist, should compete in another knockout competition for the silver medal, then all the teams knocked out by the gold and silver medallists would comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Knockout Tournament
A single-elimination knockout, or sudden-death tournament is a type of elimination tournament where the loser of a match-up is immediately eliminated from the tournament. Each winner will play another in the next round, until the final match-up, whose winner becomes the tournament champion(s). Some match-ups may be a single match or several, for example two-legged ties in European sports or best-of series in North American pro sports. Defeated competitors may play no further part after losing, or may participate in "consolation" or "classification" matches against other losers to determine the lower final rankings; for example, a third place playoff between losing semi-finalists. In a shootout poker tournament, there are more than two players competing at each table, and sometimes more than one progresses to the next round. Some competitions are held with a pure single-elimination tournament system. Others have many phases, with the last being a single-elimination final stage, oft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1912 Summer Olympics
The 1912 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the V Olympiad () and commonly known as Stockholm 1912, were an international multi-sport event held in Stockholm, Sweden, between 6 July and 22 July 1912. The opening ceremony was held on 6 July. Twenty-eight nations and 2,408 competitors, including 48 women, competed in 102 events in 14 sports. With the exception of tennis (starting on 5 May) and football and shooting (both starting on 29 June), the games were held within a month with an official opening on 6 July. It was the last Olympics to issue solid gold medals and, with Japan at the 1912 Summer Olympics, Japan's debut, the first time an official team from an Asian nation participated. Stockholm was the only bid for the games, and was selected in 1909. The games were the first to have Art competitions at the 1912 Summer Olympics, art competitions, Diving at the 1912 Summer Olympics, women's diving, Swimming at the 1912 Summer Olympics, women's swimming, and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1920 Summer Olympics
The 1920 Summer Olympics (; ; ), officially known as the Games of the VII Olympiad (; ; ) and commonly known as Antwerp 1920 (; Dutch language, Dutch and German language, German: ''Antwerpen 1920''), were an international multi-sport event held in 1920 in Antwerp, Belgium. In March 1912, during the 13th session of the IOC, Belgium's bid to host the 1920 Summer Olympics was made by Baron Édouard de Laveleye, president of the Belgian Olympic Committee and of the Royal Belgian Football Association. No fixed host city was proposed at the time. The 1916 Summer Olympics, to have been held in Berlin, capital of the German Empire, were cancelled due to World War I. When the Olympic Games resumed after the war, Antwerp was awarded hosting the 1920 Summer Games as a tribute to the Belgian people. The Aftermath of World War I, aftermath of the war and the Paris Peace Conference, 1919 affected the Olympic Games not only due to new states being created, but also by sanctions against the nati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1924 Summer Olympics
The 1924 Summer Olympics (), officially the Games of the VIII Olympiad () and officially branded as Paris 1924, were an international multi-sport event held in Paris, France. The opening ceremony was held on 5 July, but some competitions had already started on 4 May. The Games were the second to be hosted by Paris (after 1900 Summer Olympics, 1900), making it the first city to host the Olympics twice. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921. The cost of these Games was estimated to be 10,000,000 French franc, F (equivalent to in ). With total receipts at 5,496,610 F (equivalent to in ), the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite daily crowds of up to 60,000. The United States won the most gold and overall medals, having 229 athletes competing compared to France's 401. Highlights ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erik Bergvall
Erik Gustaf Bergvall (7 April 1880 – 4 February 1950) was a Swedish water polo player, journalist and sports official. He also promoted the Bergvall system, a variation of the traditional knockout tournament system which was used at the 1912, 1920 and 1924 Summer Olympics. Water polo player As a water polo player, Bergvall represented Sweden at the 1908 Summer Olympics and helped the national water polo team gain the bronze medal in the water polo. At club level, Bergvall represented Stockholms KK. Sports official In 1904, Bergvall was among the founding member of the Swedish Swimming Federation and served as its secretary between 1904 and 1908 and as chairman between 1909 and 1932. He was also a member of the board of the Swedish Sports Confederation from its foundation in 1903 until 1945. He also served as assistant secretary of the Swedish Olympic Committee in 1906 and again between 1913 and 1924. In addition he was among the founders of the Fédération Internationale d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Polo
Water polo is a competitive sport, competitive team sport played in water between two teams of seven players each. The game consists of four quarters in which the teams attempt to score goals by throwing the water polo ball, ball into the opposing team's goal (sport), goal. The team with more goals at the end of the game wins the match. Each team is made up of six field players and one Goalkeeper (water polo), goalkeeper. Excluding the goalkeeper, players participate in both offensive and defensive roles. It is typically played in an all-deep swimming pool, pool where players cannot touch the bottom. A game consists mainly of the players swimming to move about the pool, treading water (mainly using the eggbeater kick), passing the ball, and shooting at the goal. Teamwork, tactical thinking and awareness are also highly important aspects. Water polo is a highly physical and demanding sport and has frequently been cited as one of the most difficult to play. Special equipment for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Polo At The Summer Olympics
Water polo has been part of the Summer Olympic Games, Summer Olympics program since the second games, in 1900 Summer Olympics, 1900. A women's water polo tournament was introduced for the 2000 Summer Olympics. Hungary at the Olympics, Hungary has been the most successful country in men's tournament, while the United States at the Olympics, United States is the only team to win multiple times at the women's tournament since its introduction. Italy at the Olympics, Italy was the first to win both the men's and women's water polo tournaments. History The history of water polo as a team sport began in mid-19th century England and Scotland, where water sports were a feature of county fairs and festivals. Water polo has been included in every Summer Olympic Games as a men's competition Olympic sports, sport, except 1896. Women's water polo made its debut in the Summer Olympics in 2000. Beginnings Men's water polo was among the first team sports introduced at the modern Olympic Ga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Football At The 1920 Summer Olympics
Football was one of the 154 events at the 1920 Summer Olympics, held in Antwerp, Belgium. It was the fifth time association football was on the Olympic schedule. The tournament expanded to 15 countries, including a non-European nation (Egypt) for the first time.Olympic Football Tournament, Antwerp 1920 – Overview on FIFA.com As these were the first Olympics after World War I, the football teams representing the were not invited (, |
Ice Hockey At The 1920 Summer Olympics
Ice hockey was introduced to the Olympic Games at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp. The tournament also served as the first World Championships. The matches were played between April 23 and April 29, 1920. Canada, represented by the Winnipeg Falcons, won the gold medal. The silver went to the United States and Czechoslovakia took the bronze. Summary The organizing committee for the hockey matches included Paul Loicq, the captain of the Belgian team and a future president of the Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace (LIHG). The games used the Canadian ice hockey rules, and the Bergvall system to determine medal winning teams. The Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) chose the Winnipeg Falcons as the 1920 Allan Cup champions to represent the Canada men's national team, instead of forming a national all-star team on short notice.Podnieks, Andrew; Hockey Hall of Fame (2005), pp. 28–29 Canada's manager W. A. Hewitt, introduced the CAHA rules of play to the LIHG ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tug Of War At The 1920 Summer Olympics
The tug of war contest at the 1920 Summer Olympics was held on August 17, 1920, and on August 18, 1920. All medals were decided by using the Bergvall system. This was the last time the tug of war was in the Olympic program. The British team entirely consisted of City of London Police officers and so the gold medal is still at that force's museum. Medal summary Participating nations A total of 40''(*)'' tug of war competitors from 5 nations competed at the Antwerp Games: * * * * * ''(*) NOTE: Only competitors who participated in at least one pull are counted.'' Two Italian reserves are known. Results Gold medal round Silver medal round Bronze medal round External links * International Olympic Committee results database References {{Tug of war at the Summer Olympics Events at the 1920 Summer Olympics 1920 Events January * January 1 ** Polish–Soviet War: The Russian Red Army increases its troops along the Polish border from 4 divisions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NCAA
The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) is a nonprofit organization that regulates College athletics in the United States, student athletics among about 1,100 schools in the United States, and Simon Fraser University, 1 in Canada. It also organizes the Athletics (physical culture), athletic programs of colleges and helps over 500,000 college student athletes who compete annually in college sports. The headquarters is located in Indianapolis, Indiana. Until the 1956–57 academic year, the NCAA was a single division for all schools. That year, the NCAA split into the NCAA University Division, University Division and the NCAA College Division, College Division. In August 1973, the current three-division system of NCAA Division I, Division I, NCAA Division II, Division II, and NCAA Division III, Division III was adopted by the NCAA membership in a special convention. Under NCAA rules, Division I and Division II schools can offer athletic scholarships to students. Divi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tournament Systems
A tournament is a competition involving at least three competitors, all participating in a sport or game. More specifically, the term may be used in either of two overlapping senses: # One or more competitions held at a single venue and concentrated into a relatively short time interval. # A competition involving a number of matches, each involving a subset of the competitors, with the overall tournament winner determined based on the combined results of these individual matches. These are common in those sports and games where each match must involve a small number of competitors: often precisely two, as in most team sports, racket sports and combat sports, many card games and board games, and many forms of competitive debating. Such tournaments allow large numbers to compete against each other in spite of the restriction on numbers in a single match. These two senses are distinct. All golf tournaments meet the first definition, but while match play tournaments meet the secon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
