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Berga Concentration Camp
Berga an der Elster was a Subcamps of Buchenwald, subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp. The Berga Arbeitslager, forced labour camp was located on the outskirts of the village of Schlieben. Workers were supplied by Buchenwald concentration camp and from a German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II, prisoner-of-war camp, Stalag IX-B; the latter contravened the provisions of the Third Geneva Convention and the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907, Hague Treaties. Many prisoners died as a result of malnutrition, sickness (including Respiratory disease, pulmonary disease due to dust inhalation from tunnelling with explosives), and beatings, including 73 American POWs. The labor camp formed part of Germany's secret plan to use hydrogenation to transform Lignite, brown coal into usable fuel for tanks, planes, and other military machinery. However, the camp's additional purpose was ''Vernichtung durch Arbeit'' ("extermination through labour, extermination through labor"), and pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buchenwald Berga-Elster Bystander American Soldier
Buchenwald (; 'beech forest') was a German Nazi concentration camp established on Ettersberg hill near Weimar, Nazi Germany, Germany, in July 1937. It was one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps within the Altreich (pre-1938 Nazi Germany), Altreich (Old Reich) territories. Many actual or suspected communists were among the first internees. Prisoners came from all over Europe and the Soviet Union, and included Jews, Polish people, Poles, and other Slavs, the mentally ill, and physically disabled, political prisoners, Romani people, Roma, Freemasonry, Freemasons, and prisoners of war. There were also ordinary criminals and those perceived as sexual deviants by the Nazi regime. All prisoners worked primarily as forced labor in local armaments factories. The insufficient food and poor conditions, as well as deliberate executions, led to 56,545 deaths at Buchenwald of the 280,000 prisoners who passed through the camp and its List of subcamps of Buchenwald, 139 sub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allied Forces (World War II)
The Allies, formally referred to as the United Nations from 1942, were an international military coalition formed during World War II (1939–1945) to oppose the Axis powers. Its principal members were the " Big Four" – the United Kingdom, United States, Soviet Union, and China. Membership in the Allies varied during the course of the war. When the conflict broke out on 1 September 1939, the Allied coalition consisted of the United Kingdom, France, and Poland, as well as their respective dependencies, such as British India. They were joined by the independent dominions of the British Commonwealth: Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. Consequently, the initial alliance resembled that of the First World War. As Axis forces began invading northern Europe and the Balkans, the Allies added the Netherlands, Belgium, Norway, Greece, and Yugoslavia. The Soviet Union, which initially had a nonaggression pact with Germany and participated in its invasion of Poland, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mittelbau-Dora Concentration Camp
Mittelbau-Dora (also Dora-Mittelbau and Nordhausen-Dora) was a Nazi concentration camp located near Nordhausen in Thuringia, Germany. It was established in late summer 1943 as a subcamp of Buchenwald concentration camp, supplying slave labour from many Eastern countries occupied by Germany (including evacuated survivors of eastern extermination camps), for extending the nearby tunnels in the Kohnstein and for manufacturing the V-2 rocket and the V-1 flying bomb. In the summer of 1944, ''Mittelbau'' became an independent concentration camp with numerous subcamps of its own. In 1945, most of the surviving inmates were sent on death marches or crammed in trains of box-cars by the SS. On 11 April 1945, US troops freed the remaining prisoners. The inmates at Dora-Mittelbau were treated in a brutal and inhumane manner, working 14-hour days and being denied access to basic hygiene, beds, and adequate rations. Around one in three of the roughly 60,000 prisoners who were sent to Dora- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Occupation Zone Of Germany
The Soviet occupation zone in Germany ( or , ; ) was an area of Germany that was occupied by the Soviet Union as a communist area, established as a result of the Potsdam Agreement on 2 August 1945. On 7 October 1949 the German Democratic Republic (GDR), commonly referred to in English as East Germany, was Foundation of East Germany, formally established in the Soviet occupation zone. The SBZ was one of the four Allied-occupied Germany, Allied occupation zones of Germany created at the end of World War II with the Allied victory. According to the Potsdam Agreement, the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (German initials: SMAD) was assigned responsibility for the middle portion of Germany. Eastern Germany beyond the Oder-Neisse line, equal in territory to the SBZ, was Oder–Neisse line, to be annexed by the Polish People's Republic and its Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II, population expelled, pending a final peace conference with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
106th Infantry Division (United States)
The 106th Infantry Division was a division of the United States Army formed for service during World War II. Two of its three regiments were overrun and surrounded in the initial days of the Battle of the Bulge, and they were forced to surrender to German forces on 19 December 1944. The division was never officially added to the troop list following the war, despite having been almost completely organized in Puerto Rico by 1948; subsequently, the War Department determined the division was not needed and inactivated the division headquarters in 1950. Lineage * Constituted on paper on 5 May 1942 in the Army of the United States. * Activated on 15 March 1943 with a cadre from the 80th Infantry Division at Fort Jackson, South Carolina. * Moved to Camp Atterbury, Indiana, on 28 March 1944. * Staged at Camp Miles Standish, Massachusetts on 10 October 1944. * Was sent back to New York Port of Embarkation and sailed to England * Arrived in England, 17 November 1944, and traine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Willy Hack
Willy Hack (26 March 1912 – 26 July 1952) was a German SS officer and concentration camp official. He was born in the town of Reutlingen, Baden-Württemberg, and trained as an engineer before joining the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) in 1934. Following the outbreak of World War II, Hack served in the ''Waffen-SS'' on the Eastern Front. In February 1942 he was promoted to the rank of '' SS-Obersturmführer'' and transferred to '' Amtsgruppe C'' (Buildings and Works) at the SS-Main Economic and Administrative Office in Berlin. In 1943 Hack was assigned to the staff of the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp. While at Dora he served as director of construction for the sub-camp of Niedersachswerfen.Jens-Christian Wagner, ''Production of Death: The Mittelbau-Dora'', Göttingen, 2001 S. 666th. Hack oversaw hundreds of slave-laborers who were employed in building a large subterranean aircraft engine factory that would be used to produce components for Germany’s V-2 guided missiles. In Nov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gestapo
The (, ), Syllabic abbreviation, abbreviated Gestapo (), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe. The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Free State of Prussia, Prussia into one organisation. On 20 April 1934, oversight of the Gestapo passed to the head of the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS), Heinrich Himmler, who was also appointed Chief of German Police by Hitler in 1936. Instead of being exclusively a Prussian state agency, the Gestapo became a national one as a sub-office of the (SiPo; Security Police). From 27 September 1939, it was administered by the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA). It became known as (Dept) 4 of the RSHA and was considered a sister organisation to the (SD; Security Service). The Gestapo committed widespread atrocities during its existence. The power of the Gestapo was used to focus upon political opponents, ideological dissenters (clergy and religious org ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Westview Press
Westview Press was an American publishing company headquartered in Boulder, Colorado founded in 1975. Field of work Westview primarily publishes textbooks. History Westview Press was founded by Frederick A. Praeger in 1975. Praeger sold Westview in 1991. Westview was purchased by HarperCollins. HarperCollins and Westview had difficulty working together due to very different corporate cultures and values. Perseus bought Westview in March 1998 from HarperCollins. In April 2016, Perseus Books Group's publishing operations, including Westview, were purchased by Hachette Book Group. Hachette Book Group's Perseus Books Group division sold it to Taylor & Francis Taylor & Francis Group is an international company originating in the United Kingdom that publishes books and academic journals. Its parts include Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, Routledge, F1000 (publisher), F1000 Research and Dovepress. It i ... in 2017. Book series Series published 1975–1990 (Frederick A. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Righteous Among The Nations
Righteous Among the Nations ( ) is a title used by Yad Vashem to describe people who, for various reasons, made an effort to assist victims, mostly Jews, who were being persecuted and exterminated by Nazi Germany, Fascist Romania, Fascist Italy, and other local close allies and collaborators, during the The Holocaust, Holocaust. The term originates from the concept of , a legal term used to refer to non-Jewish observers of the Seven Laws of Noah. Endowment Criteria of the Knesset When Yad Vashem, the Shoah Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority, was established in 1953 by the Knesset, one of its tasks was to commemorate the "Righteous Among the Nations". The Righteous were defined as non-Jews who risked their lives to save Jews during the Holocaust. Since 1963, a commission headed by a justice of the Supreme Court of Israel has been charged with the duty of awarding the honorary title "Righteous Among the Nations". Guided in its work by certain criteria, the commission m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roddie Edmonds
Roderick Waring Edmonds (August 20, 1919 – August 8, 1985), known to the public as Roddie Edmonds, was a U.S. Army Infantry, infantryman renowned for his courageous stand during World War II. As the highest-ranking American non-commissioned officer captured by German forces in December 1944, Edmonds was interned at Stalag IX-A, a Prisoner-of-war camp in Ziegenhain, Ziegenhain, Germany. On January 27, 1945, Edmonds was ordered by German officers to identify Jewish-American soldiers for separate execution, Edmonds defiantly declared, "We are all Jews here," compelling the captors to relent and sparing the lives of approximately 200 Jewish Prisoners-of-war.Julie Hirschfeld Davis"Saying 'We Are All Jews,' Obama Honors Americans' Lifesaving Efforts in Holocaust,"January 27, 2017, ''New York Times,'' retrieved April 12, 2018 Despite risking his own life for approximately 200 Jewish people, Edmonds' actions exemplified profound moral courage and leadership. He was posthumously recogn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Master Sergeant
A master sergeant is the military rank for a senior non-commissioned officer in the armed forces of some countries. Israel Defense Forces The (abbreviated "", master sergeant) is a non-commissioned officer () rank in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Because the IDF is an integrated force, they have a unique rank structure. IDF ranks are the same in all services (army, navy and air force). The ranks are derived from those of the paramilitary developed in the Mandatory Palestine, British Mandate of Palestine period to protect the . This origin is reflected in the slightly compacted Israel Defense Forces ranks, IDF rank structure. Philippines Master sergeant is used by the Armed Forces of the Philippines as a non-commissioned officer rank. It is used by the Philippine Army, Philippine Air Force and the Philippine Marine Corps (under the Philippine Navy. The rank is below Senior master sergeant and above Technical sergeant. As of February 8, 2019, a new ranking classificati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
