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Berdibeg
Berdi Beg or Berdibek ( Turki/ Kypchak: بیردی بک; Persian: محمد بیردی بیگ; – 1359) was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1357 to 1359, having succeeded his father Jani Beg. Berdi Beg was the last khan to rule before the beginning of a long cycle of civil wars in the Golden Horde known as the Great Troubles. Early life When Jani Beg conquered the Chupanid kingdom in Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran in 1357, he left his son Berdi Beg as viceroy in Tabriz. However, Jani Beg became seriously ill on his return home, and either at his prompting or on his own initiative, his officer Tughluq Beg secretly communicated this information to Berdi Beg. The latter immediately rushed home, with a mere 10 companions. Jani Beg's condition improved, and when he discovered his son's return he was concerned about Berdi Beg's intentions. Although Jani Beg's wife Toqai Toghlu Khatun, Berdi Beg's mother, reassured the khan that his son was no threat, worried about Jani Beg's suspicio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Illustrated Chronicle Of Ivan The Terrible
The Illustrated Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible (; 1560-1570s) is the largest compilation of historical information ever assembled in medieval Russia. It is also informally known as the Tsar Book (Царь-книга), in an analogy with the Tsar Bell and Tsar Cannon. (retrieved May 10, 2015) The set of manuscripts was commissioned by tsar Ivan the Terrible and was made by group of anonymous manuscript illuminators in the Tsar's palace in Alexandrov, Vladimir Oblast, Alexandrovskaya Sloboda and Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vsevolod Of Tver
Vsevolod Aleksandrovich (; – 1364) was Prince of Tver from 1346 to 1349. He was the third son of Aleksandr I of Tver. Early life Vsevolod was the third son of Aleksandr I of Tver by his wife Anastasia. He was born in the city of Pskov around 1328, when his father was there in exile. Vsevolod was given as an appanage shortly before his father and elder brother Fyodor were executed at the Horde in 1339. His uncle Konstantin was given the patent for the principality by the khan.Тверские (великие и удельные князья) Russian Biographical Dictionary. Konstantin began to quarrel with Vsevolod and Anastasia towards the end of his reign. The '' |
Toqoqan
Toqoqan was a member of the ruling family of the Mongol Empire. He was a son of the khan of the Golden Horde, Batu. Through his father, he was also a great-grandson of the Mongol emperor Genghis Khan. Though Toqoqan never reigned himself, many subsequent khans were descended from him. His chief wife was Köchü Khatun, also known as Buka Ujin of the Oirats Oirats (; ) or Oirds ( ; ), formerly known as Eluts and Eleuths ( or ; zh, 厄魯特, ''Èlǔtè'') are the westernmost group of Mongols, whose ancestral home is in the Altai Mountains, Altai region of Siberia, Xinjiang and western Mongolia. .... Her father (or possibly brother) was Buqa-Temür, who was a grandson of Genghis Khan through his daughter Checheikhen. Toqoqan had five sons, of whom the eldest, Tartu, became father of the Khan Talabuga. Two further sons, Mengu-Timur and Tode Mongke, both by Köchü Khatun, were also khans of the Golden Horde. See also * List of khans of the Golden Horde References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jochi
Jochi (; ), also spelled Jüchi, was a prince of the early Mongol Empire. His life was marked by controversy over the circumstances of his birth and culminated in his estrangement from his family. He was nevertheless a prominent Military of the Mongol Empire, military commander and the progenitor of the family who ruled over the khanate of the Golden Horde. Jochi was the son of Börte, the first wife of the Mongols, Mongol leader Temüjin, now Genghis Khan. For many months before Jochi's birth, Börte had been a captive of the Merkit, Merkit tribe, one of whom forcibly married and raped her. Although there was thus considerable doubt over Jochi's parentage, Temüjin considered him his son and treated him accordingly. Many Mongols, most prominently Börte's next son Chagatai Khan, Chagatai, disagreed; these tensions eventually led to both Chagatai and Jochi being excluded from the line of succession to the Mongol throne. After Temüjin founded the Mongol Empire in 1206 and took ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan (born Temüjin; August 1227), also known as Chinggis Khan, was the founder and first khan (title), khan of the Mongol Empire. After spending most of his life uniting the Mongols, Mongol tribes, he launched Mongol invasions and conquests, a series of military campaigns, conquering large parts of Mongol conquest of China, China and Mongol invasion of Central Asia, Central Asia. Born between 1155 and 1167 and given the name Temüjin, he was the eldest child of Yesugei, a Mongol chieftain of the Borjigin, Borjigin clan, and his wife Hö'elün. When Temüjin was eight, his father died and his family was abandoned by its tribe. Reduced to near-poverty, Temüjin killed Behter, his older half-brother to secure his familial position. His charismatic personality helped to attract his first followers and to form alliances with two prominent Eurasian Steppe, steppe leaders named Jamukha and Toghrul; they worked together to retrieve Temüjin's newlywed wife Börte, who had b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tokhtamysh
Tokhtamysh ( Turki/ Kypchak and Persian: توقتمش; ; ; – 1406) was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1380 to 1395. He briefly succeeded in consolidating the Blue and White Hordes into a single polity. Tokhtamysh belonged to the House of Borjigin, tracing his ancestry to Genghis Khan. Spending most of his younger years fighting against his father's cousin Urus Khan and his sons, Tokhtamysh sought help from the Turco-Mongol warlord Timur, with whose help he succeeded in defeating his enemies. Tokhtamysh rose to power during a tumultuous period in the Golden Horde, which was severely weakened after a long period of division and internecine conflict. From a fugitive, Tokhtamysh had become a powerful monarch, quickly solidifying his authority in both wings of the Golden Horde. Encouraged by his success, as well as the growth of his manpower and wealth, Tokhtamysh went on a military expedition to the Russian principalities, sacking Moscow in 1382. He reasserted the Tatar–Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mamai
Mamai (Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet, Mongolian Cyrillic: Мамай, ; 1325?–1380/1381) was a powerful Turco-Mongol tradition, Turko-Mongol military commander in Beylerbey rank of the Golden Horde from Kiyat clan. Contrary to popular misconception, he was not a Khan (title), khan (king), but was a kingmaker for several khans, and dominated parts or all of the Golden Horde for almost two decades in the 1360s and 1370s. Although he was unable to stabilize central authority during the 14th-century Golden Horde war of succession known as the Great Troubles, Mamai remained a remarkable and persistent leader for decades, while others came and went in rapid succession. His defeat in the Battle of Kulikovo marked the beginning of the decline of the Horde, as well as his own rapid downfall. Origins Unlike the khans of the so-called Golden Horde, Mamai was not a descendant of Genghis Khan and his son Jochi, but belonged to the powerful Turco-Mongol tradition, Turko-Mongol Kiyat clan that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batu Khan
Batu Khan (–1255) was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Golden Horde, a constituent of the Mongol Empire established after Genghis Khan's demise. Batu was a son of Jochi, thus a grandson of Genghis Khan. His '' ulus'' ruled over the Kievan Rus', Volga Bulgaria, Cumania, and the Caucasus for around 250 years. Personality and appearance According to Giovanni da Pian del Carpine, Batu was "kind enough to his own people, but he is greatly feared by them. He is, however, most cruel in fight; he is very shrewd and extremely crafty in warfare, for he has been waging war for a long time." He received the nickname of сайн (), by which he was referred to by Marco Polo. William of Rubruck described him as about the height of his lord John de Beaumont and as having his entire face covered with reddish spots. Early years After his son Jochi's death, Genghis Khan assigned Jochi's appanages to his sons. The Great Khan installed Batu as Khan of the Golden Horde (also known as t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexius, Metropolitan Of Kiev
Alexius (, ''Aleksii''; before 1296–1378) was Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus' from 1354. He presided over the Muscovite government during Dmitrii Donskoi's minority. Biography Alexius, whose name at birth was Eleutherius, was a son of Феодор ( Theodore) Biakont and Mary, his father was a boyar from Chernigov who settled in Moscow and founded the Pleshcheev boyar family. He took monastic vows at the Epiphany Monastery of Moscow around 1313, at which time he was given the religious name of Alexius. In 1333 or so, he joined the household of Metropolitan Theognostus. In 1340, Alexius was appointed the metropolitan's deputy in Vladimir and twelve years later was consecrated as Bishop of Vladimir. By the will of Symeon the Proud, Alexius was appointed adviser to his brothers – Ivan and Andrew. After visiting Constantinople, he was chosen to become the Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus' in 1354. When Dmitry Donskoy and Vladimir the Bold were young, Alexius ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Orthodox Church
The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; ;), also officially known as the Moscow Patriarchate (), is an autocephaly, autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox Christian church. It has 194 dioceses inside Russia. The Primate (bishop), primate of the ROC is the patriarch of Moscow and all Rus'. The History of the Russian Orthodox Church, history of the ROC begins with the Christianization of Kievan Rus', which commenced in 988 with the baptism of Vladimir the Great and his subjects by the clergy of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople. Starting in the 14th century, Moscow served as the primary residence of the Russian List of metropolitans and patriarchs of Moscow, metropolitan. The ROC declared autocephaly in 1448 when it elected its own metropolitan. In 1589, the metropolitan was elevated to the position of patriarch with the consent of Constantinople. In the mid-17th century, a series of reforms led to Schism of the Russian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sudak
Sudak ( Ukrainian and Russian: ; ; ; sometimes spelled Sudac or Sudagh) is a city, multiple former Eastern Orthodox bishopric and double Latin Catholic titular see. It is of regional significance in Crimea, a territory recognized by most countries as part of Ukraine but annexed by Russia as the Republic of Crimea. Sudak serves as the administrative center of Sudak Municipality, one of the regions Crimea is divided into. It is situated to the west of Feodosia (the nearest railway station) and to the east of Simferopol, the republic's capital. Population: A city of antiquity, today it is a popular resort, best known for its Genoese fortress, the best preserved on the northern shore of the Black Sea. History Foundation and early Middle Ages The date and circumstances of the city's foundation are uncertain. The first written reference to the city dates to the 7th century (in the ''Ravenna Cosmography''), but later local tradition places its foundation in 212 CE, and arch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taydula Khatun
Taydula Khatun (Turki/ Kypchak and ; died 1360) was a queen consort of the Mongol Golden Horde as the wife of Öz Beg Khan () and possibly Nawruz Beg Khan (1360). She was also the mother of the khans Tini Beg () and Jani Beg (), and the grandmother of Berdi Beg (). The favorite of her husband, she gained and retained a lasting importance during the reigns of her sons and grandson, and attempted to hold on to power by appointing the latter's successors. Name The name of the queen is rendered variously in her own time as ''Ṭayṭughlī Ḫātūn'' (by Ibn Baṭṭūṭa), ''Thaythalu-Katon'' (by the Venetian Doge Andrea Dandolo), and ''Taydula'' (by Russian sources and translations of Mongol documents). It is rationalized and interpreted variously, too, as ''Tayd-oghli'', or more likely ''Tay-Tughuli'', "having a foal tail (standard)," more comparable with the apparent form ''Tay-Dūla''. Ibn Baṭṭūṭa's description of Taydula Khatun According to Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
