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Belyak (unit)
Belyak was a fief or administrative subdivision in Medieval Volga Finnic states. Etymology The same as '' beylik'', equivalent of ''county'' in other parts of Europe. Medieval Volga Finnic States Temnikov Principality and Mordvin Horde were divided into belyaks. After Russian Colonization they transformed into uyezds, modern day raions and ''aimaks'' in Mordovia. See also *Aimak – administrative subdivision in Mordovia * El, ancient Volga Finnic term for ''country'', ''state''. See Mari El The Mari El Republic (russian: Респу́блика Мари́й Эл, ''Respublika Mariy El''; Meadow Mari: ; Hill Mari: ) is a republic of Russia. It is in the European Russia region of the country, along the northern bank of the Volga Rive ..., Udmurt Elkun, Moxel ( Mokshaland) References Sources * * External links * * * {{rus-hist-stub Volga basin Volga Finns Volga Tatars Types of administrative division ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volga Finns
The Volga Finns (sometimes referred to as Eastern Finns) are a historical group of indigenous peoples of Russia living in the vicinity of the Volga, who speak Uralic languages. Their modern representatives are the Mari people, the Erzya and the Moksha Mordvins, as well as speakers of the extinct Merya, Muromian and Meshchera languages. The Permians are sometimes also grouped as Volga Finns. The modern representatives of Volga Finns live in the basins of the Sura and Moksha rivers, as well as (in smaller numbers) in the interfluve between the Volga and the Belaya rivers. The Mari language has two dialects, the Meadow Mari and the Hill Mari. Traditionally the Mari and the Mordvinic languages ( Erzya and Moksha) were considered to form a ''Volga-Finnic'' or ''Volgaic'' group within the Uralic language family, accepted by linguists like Robert Austerlitz (1968), Aurélien Sauvageot & Karl Heinrich Menges (1973) and Harald Haarmann (1974), but rejected by others like Björn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Temnikov Principality
, conventional_long_name = Bekhanid Principality of Tümen , common_name = Tümen , era = Middle Ages , status = Principality , status_text = Grand Duchy of Moscow protectorate since 1684 , empire = Golden Horde , government_type = Monarchy , year_start = 1388 , year_end = 1684 , image_flag = Golden Horde flag 1339.svg , flag_type = Flag during the reign of Öz Beg Khan as shown in Dulcert’s 1339 map (other sources claim that the Golden Horde was named for the yellow banner of the khan). , event_start = First mention of the principality , event_end = protectorate of Grand Duchy of Moscow , p1 = Mukhsha Ulus , flag_p1 = Golden Horde flag 1339.svg , image_coat = , s1 = Grand Duchy of Moscow , flag_s1 = Banner of Dmitry Donskoy.svg , s2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mukhsha Ulus
Mukhsha Ulus ( tt-Cyrl, Мухша олысы}, , ), or Naruchat Duchy ( tt-Cyrl, Наручат бәклегел, , ; mdf, Мурунза, ''Murunza''; cu, Нароучадская орда, ''Naruchad Horde'') was a subdivision of Golden Horde in Middle Mokshaland, modern Mordovia, Penza Oblast and Tambov Oblast of Russia in 13th-15th centuries with the capital in Mukhsha. Population was mainly Mokshas, Mişär Tatars, and Burtas. In 1313–1367 years coined own money. Population was mostly agricultural. Some were cattle-breeders and craftsmen. The main territory of the ''ulus'' (district) was situated between rivers Sura and Tsna. History The territory of the Medieval Moksha kingdom Murunza was conquered by Batu Khan in 1237 In Latin sources mentioned as Moxel (Mokshaland). Russian Laurentian Codex mentions the name of the Moksha king, Puresh. In 1313-1342 Mukhsha became the administrative center of Mukhsha Ulus and residence of Öz Beg Khan. In 1395 it suffered th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Territorial Evolution Of Russia
The borders of Russia changed through military conquests and by ideological and political unions in the course of over five centuries (1533–present). Russian Tsardom and Empire The name ''Russia'' for the Grand Duchy of Moscow began to appear in the late 15th century, and became official in 1547 when the Tsardom of Russia was established. The Grand Duchy of Moscow was one of the successors in part of the territory of medieval Kievan Rus'. Another important starting point was the official end in 1480 of the overlordship of the Tatar Golden Horde over Moscovy, after its defeat in the Great Stand on the Ugra River. Ivan III (reigned 1462–1505) and Vasili III (reigned 1505–1533) had already expanded Muscovy's borders considerably by annexing the Novgorod Republic (1478), the Grand Duchy of Tver in 1485, the Pskov Republic in 1510, the Appanage of Volokolamsk in 1513, and the principalities of Ryazan in 1521 and Novhorod-Siverskyi in 1522. After a period of political insta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uyezd
An uezd (also spelled uyezd; rus, уе́зд, p=ʊˈjest), or povit in a Ukrainian context ( uk, повіт), or Kreis in Baltic-German context, was a type of administrative subdivision of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Russian Empire, and the early Russian SFSR, which was in use from the 13th century. For most of Russian history, uezds were a second-level administrative division. By sense, but not by etymology, ''uezd'' approximately corresponds to the English "county". General description Originally describing groups of several volosts, they formed around the most important cities. Uezds were ruled by the appointees ('' namestniki'') of a knyaz and, starting from the 17th century, by voyevodas. In 1708, an administrative reform was carried out by Peter the Great, dividing Russia into governorates. The subdivision into uyezds was abolished at that time but was reinstated in 1727, as a result of Catherine I's administrative reform. By the Soviet administrative reform of 192 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raion
A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is commonly translated as "district" in English. A raion is a standardized administrative entity across most of the former Soviet Union and is usually a subdivision two steps below the national level, such as a subdivision of an oblast. However, in smaller USSR republics, it could be the primary level of administrative division. After the fall of the Soviet Union, some of the republics kept the ''raion'' (e.g. Azerbaijan, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan) while others dropped it (e.g. Georgia, Uzbekistan, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Armenia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan). In Bulgaria, it refers to an internal administrative subdivision of a city not related to the administrative division of the country as a whole, or, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mordovia
The Republic of Mordovia (russian: Респу́блика Мордо́вия, r=Respublika Mordoviya, p=rʲɪsˈpublʲɪkə mɐrˈdovʲɪjə; mdf, Мордовия Республиксь, ''Mordovija Respublikś''; myv, Мордовия Республикась, ''Mordovija Respublikaś'') is a republic of Russia, located in Eastern Europe. Its capital is the city of Saransk. As of the 2010 Census, the population of the republic was 834,755. Ethnic Russians (53.1%) and Mordvins (39.8%) account for the majority of the population. History Early history The earliest archaeological signs of modern humans in the area of Mordovia are from the Neolithic era. Mordvins are mentioned in written sources from the 6th century. Later, Mordvins were under the influence of both Volga Bulgaria and the Kievan Rus. Mordvin princes sometimes raided Muroma and Volga Bulgaria and often despoiled each other's holdings. Mongol rule The Mongols conquered vast areas of Eastern Europe in the 13th cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aimag
An aimag (, ; xal, әәмг, ), originally a Mongolian word meaning 'tribe', is an administrative subdivision in Mongolia, Russia, and in the Inner Mongolia region of China. Mongolia In Mongolia, an aimag is the first-level administrative subdivision. The country currently has 21 aimags. The capital Ulan Bator is administrated as an independent municipality. During the Qing dynasty, Khalkha was subdivided into four aimags ( Setsen Khan Aimag, Tüsheet Khan Aimag, Sain Noyon Khan Aimag and Zasagt Khan Aimag). An aimag was further subdivided into "banners" (''khoshuu''). Each aimag had an assembly of the local nobility, commonly named "league" in English (''chuulga'' in Mongolian). This administrative structure was kept until 1930, when the current structure with smaller aimags, subdivided into sums, was introduced. Inner Mongolia In Inner Mongolia, aimags (in the Inner Mongolian context, usually translated as "league", from ) are a prefecture-level subdivision, fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
El (stem)
EL, El or el may refer to: Religion * El (deity), a Semitic word for "God" People * EL (rapper) (born 1983), stage name of Elorm Adablah, a Ghanaian rapper and sound engineer * El DeBarge, music artist * El Franco Lee (1949–2016), American politician * Ephrat Livni (born 1972), American street artist Arts, entertainment, and media Fictional entities * El, a character from the manga series ''Shugo Chara!'' by Peach-Pit * El, short for Eleven, a fictional character in the TV series ''Stranger Things'' * El, family name of Kal-El (Superman) and his father Jor-El in '' Superman'' *E.L. Faldt, character in the road comedy film ''Road Trip'' Literature * ''Él'', 1926 autobiographical novel by Mercedes Pinto * ''Él'' (visual novel), a 2000 Japanese adult visual novel Music * Él Records, an independent record label from the UK founded by Mike Alway * ''Él'' (Lucero album), a 1982 album by Lucero * "Él", Spanish song by Rubén Blades from ''Caminando'' (album) * "Él" (Lu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mari El
The Mari El Republic (russian: Респу́блика Мари́й Эл, ''Respublika Mariy El''; Meadow Mari: ; Hill Mari: ) is a republic of Russia. It is in the European Russia region of the country, along the northern bank of the Volga River, and is administratively part of the Volga Federal District. The republic has a population of 696,459 ( 2010 Census). Yoshkar-Ola is the capital and the largest city. Mari El is one of Russia's ethnic republics, established for the indigenous Mari people, a Finnic nation who have traditionally lived along the Volga River and Kama River. The majority of the Republic's population are ethnic Russians (47.4%) and Mari (43.9%), with minority populations of Tatars and Chuvash. The official languages are Russian and Mari. Mari El is bordered by Nizhny Novgorod Oblast to the west, Kirov Oblast to the north, Tatarstan Republic to the east, and Chuvashia Republic to the south. Geography The Republic is located in the eastern part of the East ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Udmurtia
Udmurtia (russian: Удму́ртия, r=Udmúrtiya, p=ʊˈdmurtʲɪjə; udm, Удмуртия, ''Udmurtija''), or the Udmurt Republic (russian: Удмуртская Республика, udm, Удмурт Республика, Удмурт Элькун, ''Udmurt Respublika'', ''Udmurt Eľkun''), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic) in Eastern Europe, within the Volga Federal District. Its capital is the city of Izhevsk. Name The name ''Udmurt'' comes from ('meadow people'), where the first part represents the Permic root or ('meadow, glade, turf, greenery'). This is supported by a document dated 1557, in which the Udmurts are referred to as ('meadow people'), alongside the traditional Russian name . The second part means 'person' (cf. Komi , Mari ). It is probably an early borrowing from a Scythian language: or ('person, man'; cf. Urdu ), which is thought to have been borrowed from the Indo-Aryan term ('man, mortal, one who is bound to die'. cf. Old ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mokshas
The Mokshas (also ''Mokshans'', ''Moksha people'', in ) comprise a Mordvinian ethnic group belonging to the Volgaic branch of the Finno-Ugric peoples. They live in the Russian Federation, mostly near the Volga River and the Moksha River, a tributary of the Oka River. Their native language is Mokshan, one of the two surviving members of the Mordvinic branch of the Uralic language family. According to a 1994 Russian census, 49% of the autochthonal Finnic population in Mordovia identified themselves as Mokshas, totaling more than 180,000 people. Most Mokshas belong to the Russian Orthodox Church; other religions practised by Mokshas include Lutheranism and paganism. Name William of Rubruck, the Franciscan friar whom King Louis IX of France sent as an ambassador to the Mongols in the 1250s, called them "Moxel". The same term appears in the Persian/Arabic 14th-century chronicle of Rashid-al-Din. According to popular tradition the Russians first used the term "Mordva" to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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