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Beaker Street
''Beaker Street with Clyde Clifford'' was the first underground music program broadcast regularly on a commercial AM radio station in the central US. The station's signal carried far and wide. In early 1967 Beaker Street was a staple for adherents to the burgeoning underground communities in the upper Mid-West especially in Des Moines, Iowa, where it was the only access to Dr. Demento and Firesign Theatre. ''Beaker Street'' began on Little Rock, Arkansas 50,000 watt AM radio station KAAY late in 1966 and ran through 1972. The show's original announcer, Clyde Clifford, moved to FM in 1974Koch, Stephen.KAAY: The Mighty 1090 Gave Arkansas to North America" ''Arkansas Business'' 21 (8):S98, 2004-03-15.(Archive) as the rise in popularity of FM radio began to impact the operations of many AM stations. ''Beaker Street'' pre-dated the FM radio boom of the mid-1970s and foretold the rise of album-oriented Rock and Classic rock formats. History Dale Seidenschwarz, aka Clyde Cliffo ...
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Underground Music
Underground music is music with practices perceived as outside, or somehow opposed to, Popular music, mainstream popular music culture. Underground styles lack the commercial success of popular music movements, and may involve the use of avant-garde or abrasive approaches. Underground music may be perceived as expressing sincerity and creative freedom in opposition to those practices deemed formulaic or market-driven. Notions of individuality and non-conformity are also commonly deployed. The term has been applied to artists in styles such as psychedelic music, psychedelia, punk music, punk, alternative rock, electronica, industrial music, and wider strains of experimental music. Overview The term "underground music" has been applied to various artistic movements, for instance the psychedelic music movement of the mid-1960s, but the term has in more recent decades come to be defined by any musicians who tend to avoid the trappings of the mainstream commercial music industry. Fran ...
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Acid Rock
Acid rock is a loosely defined type of rock music that evolved out of the mid-1960s garage rock, garage punk movement and helped launch the psychedelia, psychedelic subculture. While the term has sometimes been used interchangeably with "psychedelic rock", acid rock also specifically refers to a more musically intense, rawer, or heavier subgenre or sibling of psychedelic rock. Named after lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), the style is generally defined by heavy, Distortion (music), distorted guitars and often contains lyrics with drug references and long improvised Jam session, jams. Compared to other forms of psychedelic rock, acid rock features a harder, louder, heavier, or rawer sound. Much of the style overlaps with Garage rock, 1960s garage punk, proto-metal, and early heavy, blues-based hard rock. It developed mainly from the American West Coast, where groups did not focus on the novelty recording effects or whimsy of British psychedelia; instead, the subgenre emphasiz ...
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Tom Paxton
Thomas Richard Paxton (born October 31, 1937) is an American folk singer-songwriter whose career spans more than sixty years. In 2009, Paxton received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.Power Of Just Plain Folk, Tom Paxton Humbly Garners Life Grammy
J. Freedom du Lac, '''', February 7, 2009, p. C01
He is a music educator as well as an advocate for folk singers to combine traditional songs with new compositions. Paxton's songs have been widely recorded, including modern standards such as "
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University Of Northern Iowa
The University of Northern Iowa (UNI) is a public university in Cedar Falls, Iowa, United States. UNI offers more than 90 majors across five colleges. The fall 2024 total enrollment was 9,283 students. The university was initially founded in 1876 as the Iowa State Normal School with the purpose of training school teachers and educators. The University of Northern Iowa is one of three public universities in Iowa, all of which are governed by the Iowa Board of Regents. History The University of Northern Iowa was founded as a result of two influential forces of the nineteenth century. First, Iowa wanted to care for orphans of its Civil War veterans, and secondly, Iowa needed a public teacher training institution. In 1876, when Iowa no longer needed an orphan home, legislators Edward G. Miller and H. C. Hemenway started the Iowa State Normal School.University of Northern Iowa, Gerald L. Peterson, Aracadia Publishing, 2000. The school's first building opened in 1867 and was known ...
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Progressive Rock (radio Format)
Progressive rock (sometimes known as underground rock) is a radio station programming format that emerged in the late 1960s,Thomas Staudter"On the Radio With a Mix Very Distinctly His Own" ''The New York Times'', March 24, 2002. Accessed March 23, 2008. in which disc jockeys are given wide latitude in what they may play, similar to the freeform format but with the proviso that some kind of rock music is almost always played.Fritz E. Froehlich, Allen S. Kent, Carolyn M. Hall (eds.), "FM Commercialization in the United States", ''The Froehlich/Kent Encyclopedia of Telecommunications'', CRC Press, 1991. . p. 179. It enjoyed the height of its popularity in the late 1960s and 1970s. The name for the format began being used circa 1968, when serious disc jockeys were playing "progressive 'music for the head and discussing social issues in between records.Mike Olszewski, ''Radio Daze: Stories from the Front in Cleveland's FM Air Wars'', Kent State University Press, 2003. . p. xi. D ...
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Freeform (radio Format)
Free-form, or free-form radio, is a radio station programming format in which the disc jockey is given wide or total control over what music to play, regardless of music genre or commercial interests. Freeform radio stands in contrast to most commercial radio stations, in which DJs have little or no influence over programming structure or playlists. In the United States, freeform DJs are still bound by Federal Communications Commission regulations. History in the United States Many shows claim to be the first free-form radio program, but the earliest on record is "Nightsounds" on KPFA-FM in Berkeley, California, D.J.'d by John Leonard. Probably the best-remembered in the Midwest is Beaker Street, which ran for almost 10 years on KAAY "The Mighty 1090" in Little Rock, Arkansas, beginning in 1966, making it also probably the best-known such show on an AM station; its signal reached from Canada to Mexico and Cuba, blanketing the Midwest and Midsouth of the U.S. WFMU is curren ...
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Rock And Roll
Rock and roll (often written as rock & roll, rock-n-roll, and rock 'n' roll) is a Genre (music), genre of popular music that evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. It Origins of rock and roll, originated from African American music such as jazz, rhythm and blues, boogie-woogie, electric blues, gospel music, gospel, and jump blues, as well as from country music. While rock and roll's formative elements can be heard in blues records from the 1920s and in country records of the 1930s,Peterson, Richard A. Creating Country Music: Fabricating Authenticity' (1999), p. 9, . the genre did not acquire its name until 1954. According to the journalist Greg Kot, "rock and roll" refers to a style of popular music originating in the United States in the 1950s. By the mid-1960s, rock and roll had developed into "the more encompassing international style known as rock music, though the latter also continued to be known in many circles as rock and roll".Kot, Greg"Rock ...
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Midwest
The Midwestern United States (also referred to as the Midwest, the Heartland or the American Midwest) is one of the four census regions defined by the United States Census Bureau. It occupies the northern central part of the United States. It was officially named the North Central Region by the U.S. Census Bureau until 1984. It is between the Northeastern United States and the Western United States, with Canada to the north and the Southern United States to the south. The U.S. Census Bureau's definition consists of 12 states in the north central United States: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. The region generally lies on the broad Interior Plain between the states occupying the Appalachian Mountain range and the states occupying the Rocky Mountain range. Major rivers in the region include, from east to west, the Ohio River, the Upper Mississippi River, and the Missouri River. The 20 ...
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Counterculture
A counterculture is a culture whose values and norms of behavior differ substantially from those of mainstream society, sometimes diametrically opposed to mainstream cultural mores.Eric Donald Hirsch. ''The Dictionary of Cultural Literacy''. Houghton Mifflin. . (1993) p. 419. "Members of a cultural protest that began in the U.S. In the 1960s and Europe before fading in the 1970s... fundamentally a cultural rather than a political protest." A countercultural movement expresses the ethos and aspirations of a specific population during a well-defined era. When oppositional forces reach critical mass, countercultures can trigger dramatic cultural changes. Countercultures differ from subcultures. Prominent examples of countercultures in the Western world include the Levellers (1645–1650), Bohemianism (1850–1910), the more fragmentary counterculture of the Beat Generation (1944–1964), and the globalized counterculture of the 1960s which in the United States consisted prim ...
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Jaime Brockett
Jaime Brockett is a New England–based folk singer. He enjoyed cult status in the 1969-early 1970s era. In the mid-to-late 1960s, he was a regular performer at many Boston, Massachusetts, clubs and coffeehouses, including the White Whale, Beverly, MA; Damaged Angel and Quest, Boston, MA; and Club 47, Cambridge, Massachusetts. On his debut album, '' Remember the Wind and the Rain'', he plays guitar, banjo, and dulcimer. Brockett was a favorite of devotees of late night progressive rock FM radio stations, particularly with his thirteen-minute-long adaptation of Lead Belly's (via Blind Lemon Jefferson) "The Titanic", rechristened ''The Legend of the U.S.S. Titanic'', co-written with Chris Smither. Brockett has released several albums over his career, including North Mountain Velvet, which has guest appearances by Ramblin' Jack Elliott and all of the members of The Seldom Scene. Brockett has lived in New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Colorado, Wyoming, Towanda Pennsylvania, and ...
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KMJX
KMJX (105.1 FM) is a radio station in Little Rock, Arkansas. It has been on the air since 1967, making it one of the oldest stations to broadcast in Little Rock. The station's studios are located in West Little Rock, and the transmitter tower is located on Shinall Mountain, near the Chenal Valley neighborhood of Little Rock. KMJX has been 105.1 "The Wolf" broadcasting a classic country format since 2008. History Originally known as Magic 105, playing the classic rock format, with Tommy Smith's Rock and Roll breakfast in the morning. For most of its run it was always among top five stations in the Little Rock market. However, ratings began to slip in the late 2000s. On February 22, 2008, KMJX began stunting with all-Beatles in preparation of a frequency-swap with 106.7FM KHKN "The Wolf", and a classic country format, and KHKN and became TOM FM playing "variety hits" or "adult hits," similar to Jack FM stations in other parts of the country. KKPT "94.1 The Point" was the ...
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Joni Mitchell
Roberta Joan Mitchell (née Anderson; born November 7, 1943) is a Canadian and American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and painter. As one of the most influential singer-songwriters to emerge from the 1960s folk music circuit, Mitchell became known for her personal lyrics and unconventional compositions, which grew to incorporate elements of pop music, pop, jazz, rock music, rock, and other genres. Among her accolades are eleven Grammy Awards, and induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997. ''Rolling Stone'', in 2002, named her "one of the greatest songwriters ever", and AllMusic, in a 2011 biography, stated "Joni Mitchell may stand as the most important and influential female recording artist of the late 20th century." Mitchell began singing in small nightclubs in Saskatoon and throughout western Canada, before moving on to the nightclubs of Toronto. She moved to the United States and began touring in 1965. Some of her original songs ("Urge for Going", "C ...
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