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Baztan (comarca)
Baztan ( eu, Baztanaldea) is a rural comarca located in a wide valley in Navarre, Spain, with the Baztan river running through it. Down the valley, the river is one of two forming the Bidasoa, on the Atlantic basin. The valley belongs to the , a historic administrative unit of Navarre. The valley provides the access to the French Basque regions of Lapurdi and Lower Navarre by means of the Izpegi Pass and . History Early in the 15th century the Baztan people earned their freedom from nobility as a consequence of their legendary bravery in the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. This gave them a right to self-rule, with several important consequences: It strengthened territorial organization and helped demographic balance by preventing migration into a valley with limited resources, the major exception being the Agotes (cf. the Cagots). As in many other Basque areas, the inhabitants of Baztan were considered yeomen (nobles) universally, and some Baztan inhabitants made a fortune at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comarcas Of Navarre
The Chartered Community of Navarre is divided in 12 regions —named ''eskualdeak'' in basque and ''comarcas'' in Spanish—, which are juridical figures constituted as local administrative divisions designed to provide local proximity services. They follow the ancient divisions of the Kingdom of Navarre, which include figures such as the ''merindade'' or the ''almiradio''. Currently, Navarre is divided into 12 eskualdeak/comarcas (''regions'') and 4 azpieskualdeak/subcomarcas (''subregions'') since the 04/2019 Foral Law approved by the Barkos government on 2019. However, the process of dissolution of the old entities and creation of the new ones was stopped by the following Chivite government Chivite is a traditional winery in Navarra Navarre (; es, Navarra ; eu, Nafarroa ), officially the Chartered Community of Navarre ( es, Comunidad Foral de Navarra, links=no ; eu, Nafarroako Foru Komunitatea, links=no ), is a foral autonomo ..., making it today still unachieved, eve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Las Navas De Tolosa
The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, known in Islamic history as the Battle of Al-Uqab ( ar, معركة العقاب), took place on 16 July 1212 and was an important turning point in the '' Reconquista'' and the medieval history of Spain. The Christian forces of King Alfonso VIII of Castile were joined by the armies of his rivals, Sancho VII of Navarre and Peter II of Aragon, in battle against the Almohad Muslim rulers of the southern half of the Iberian Peninsula. The caliph al-Nasir ('' Miramamolín'' in the Spanish chronicles) led the Almohad army, made up of people from all over the Almohad Caliphate. Background In 1195, the Almohads defeated Alfonso VIII of Castile in the Battle of Alarcos. After this victory, they took several important cities: Trujillo, Plasencia, Talavera, Cuenca, and Uclés. Then, in 1211, Muhammad al-Nasir crossed the Strait of Gibraltar with a powerful army, invaded Christian territory, and captured Salvatierra Castle, the stronghold of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comarcas Of Navarra
The Chartered Community of Navarre is divided in 12 regions —named ''eskualdeak'' in basque and ''comarcas'' in Spanish—, which are juridical figures constituted as local administrative divisions designed to provide local proximity services. They follow the ancient divisions of the Kingdom of Navarre, which include figures such as the ''merindade'' or the ''almiradio''. Currently, Navarre is divided into 12 eskualdeak/comarcas (''regions'') and 4 azpieskualdeak/subcomarcas (''subregions'') since the 04/2019 Foral Law approved by the Barkos government on 2019. However, the process of dissolution of the old entities and creation of the new ones was stopped by the following Chivite government Chivite is a traditional winery in Navarra Navarre (; es, Navarra ; eu, Nafarroa ), officially the Chartered Community of Navarre ( es, Comunidad Foral de Navarra, links=no ; eu, Nafarroako Foru Komunitatea, links=no ), is a foral autonomo ..., making it today still unachieved, ev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baztan, Navarre
Baztan is a municipality from the Chartered Community of Navarre, northern Spain. It is located from Pamplona, the capital of Navarre. It is the largest municipality in Navarre, with around 376.8 km2 and just over 8,000 inhabitants. Settlements The capital of the valley is Elizondo, and includes 15 other villages, as follows: * Amaiur-Maya *Aniz * Arraioz *Almandoz *Arizkun *Azpilkueta *Berroeta *Elbete * Erratzu *Gartzain *Irurita *Lekaroz * Erratzu * Oronoz-Mugairi * Ziga Geography The territory of the Baztan valley extends over an area of 377 square km of which much is common land jointly owned by the residents of the Baztan valley and primarily used as grazing ground for flocks of sheep and herds of semi-wild horses. The Baztan Valley borders with the French Basque regions of Lapurdi and Lower Navarre which is accessed by the Izpegi Pass to the east of the valley and Dantxarinea to the north. This vicinity to France and its ties with its Basque neighbours has grea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Errázuriz Family
Errázuriz is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: *Blanca Errázuriz (1894–1940), Chilean socialite *Crescente Errázuriz (1839–1931), Chilean Roman Catholic friar and archbishop, professor, writer and historian *Eugenia Errázuriz (1860–1951), Chilean patron of the arts and a style leader *Federico Errázuriz: ** Federico Errázuriz Zañartu (1825–1877), president of Chile from 1871 to 1876 **Federico Errázuriz Echaurren (1850–1901), president of Chile from 1896 to 1901 *Francisco Errázuriz: ** Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa, Chilean Catholic cardinal **Francisco Javier Errázuriz Larraín (1711–1767), Chilean merchant, farmer and politician ** Francisco Javier Errázuriz Talavera, Chilean politician ** Federico Errázuriz Zañartu (1825–1877), Chilean politician *Jaime Errázuriz (born 1923), Chilean alpine skier *José Antonio Errázuriz (1747–1821), Chilean Roman Catholic priest and politician * Juan Ignacio González Errázuriz (born 1956), C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basque Witch Trials
The Basque Witch Trials of the seventeenth century represent the last attempt at rooting out supposed witchcraft from Navarre by the Spanish Inquisition, after a series of episodes erupted during the sixteenth century following the end of military operations in the conquest of Iberian Navarre, until 1524. The trial of the Basque witches began in January 1609 at Logroño, near Navarre, bordering Basque territory. It was influenced by similar persecutions conducted by Pierre de Lancre in the bordering Labourd, French Basque Country. Although the number of people executed was small in comparison to other similar persecutions in Europe, it is considered the biggest single event of its kind in terms of the number of people investigated: by the end of the phenomena, some 7,000 cases had been examined by the Inquisition. Process Logroño, though not a Basque city, was the setting for an Inquisition tribunal responsible for the Kingdom of Navarre, and for the provinces of Alav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urdax
Urdazubi/Urdax is a village and municipality located in the autonomous community of Navarre, in the north of Spain. Caves Well known because of its caves, Urdax is an interesting place for speleology at a basic level. Urdax caves were created by the underground river Urtxuma 14,000 years ago, and nowadays only a single cave can be visited by the public. The only cave that is opened to those interested in it, is the Ikaburu cave where visitors can enjoy a guided visit through its corridors and stances. The Ikaburu cave tour includes more than seeing the wonderful stalactites and stalagmites, but also stories of witches, shepherds, monks, Spanish Civil War, or even contrabandists. Monastery The Monastery of Urdax is said to have been established during the 11th century by an Augustinian Congregation who built a pilgrim hospital there for those who were doing the Way of St James. Even if the monastery is there, the original building does not longer exist due to a fire that happe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zugarramurdi
Zugarramurdi is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre in northern Spain. It passed into history as the setting of alleged occult activity featured in the infamous Basque witch trials held in Logroño in the seventeenth century. The town is home to the Basque witch museum and the ''Witch Caves''. Every year, spectacular fires are lit in the caves near Zugarramurdi for the celebration of the ‘day of the witch’ on the summer solstice. Etymology Zugarramurdi is a toponym with unknown meaning, even though it comes from Basque. The philologist Koldo Mitxelena proposed that the etymology of the name could be “place with abundancy of ruined elms”, coming from zugar (elm) + andur (ruined) + the suffix –di (it indicates abundancy). However, Mitxelena himself admitted not having proof about this theory. In Basque and in Spanish it seems that the name of the village is transcribed in the same way, although the z is pronounced differe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francis Xavier
Francis Xavier (born Francisco de Jasso y Azpilicueta; Latin: ''Franciscus Xaverius''; Basque: ''Frantzisko Xabierkoa''; French: ''François Xavier''; Spanish: ''Francisco Javier''; Portuguese: ''Francisco Xavier''; 7 April 15063 December 1552), venerated as Saint Francis Xavier, was a Spanish Catholic missionary and saint who was a co-founder of the Society of Jesus. Born in Javier (Xavier in Old Spanish and in Navarro-Aragonese, or Xabier, a Basque word meaning "new house"), in the Kingdom of Navarre (in present-day Spain), he was a companion of Ignatius of Loyola and one of the first seven Jesuits who took vows of poverty and chastity at Montmartre, Paris in 1534. He led an extensive mission into Asia, mainly the Portuguese Empire in the East, and was influential in evangelisation work, most notably in early modern India. He was extensively involved in the missionary activity in Portuguese India. In 1546, Francis Xavier proposed the establishment of the Goa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Navarre
The Kingdom of Navarre (; , , , ), originally the Kingdom of Pamplona (), was a Basque kingdom that occupied lands on both sides of the western Pyrenees, alongside the Atlantic Ocean between present-day Spain and France. The medieval state took form around the city of Pamplona during the first centuries of the Iberian Reconquista. The kingdom has its origins in the conflict in the buffer region between the Carolingian Empire and the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba that controlled most of the Iberian Peninsula. The city of Pamplona (; ), had been the main city of the indigenous Vasconic population and was located amid a predominantly Basque-speaking area. In an event traditionally dated to 824, Íñigo Arista was elected or declared ruler of the area around Pamplona in opposition to Frankish expansion into the region, originally as vassal to the Córdoba Emirate. This polity evolved into the Kingdom of Pamplona. In the first quarter of the 10th century, the Kingdom was able to br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Conquest Of Iberian Navarre
The Spanish conquest of the Iberian part of Navarre was initiated by Ferdinand II of Aragon and completed by his grandson and successor Charles V in a series of military campaigns lasting from 1512 to 1524. Ferdinand was both the king of Aragon and regent of Castile in 1512. When Pope Julius II declared a Holy League against France in late 1511, Navarre attempted to remain neutral. Ferdinand used this as an excuse to attack Navarre, conquering it while its potential protector, France, was beset by England, Venice, and Ferdinand's own Italian armies. Several attempts were made to reconquer Iberian Navarre immediately following the Castilian invasion. There was a half-hearted attempt in 1516 and a full-fledged Franco-Navarrese campaign in 1521. All attempts were defeated by the Spanish and clashes came to a halt in 1528, when Spanish troops withdrew from Lower Navarre north of the Pyrenees. The Treaty of Cambrai between Spain and France in 1529 sealed the division of Navarre alon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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