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Bavan Maval
The Bavan Maval, or Bawan Mawal was a territory of fifty two valleys and forts ruled or controlled by Koli chieftain during Maratha Empire. All these forts mostly came in the districts of Pune and Ahmednagar and each fort had a hereditary Koli Nayak or Sardar, due to which the Kolis were known as Mavala. The Koli Nayaks of the fifty-two forts of the Maval region also had a chief called the Sirnayak, headquartered at Junnar, who settled social disputes and maintained order among the Kolis. In 1650, the Bavan Mavals came under the rule of Mughals, due to which Jizya was imposed on the Kolis, due to this, they later revolted against Sultan Auranzeb in the Maval area, after which the Kolis came to be called Mard Mavala. The Mahadev Kolis of Bawan Mavals (52 forts) who were called 'Mard Mavla, had transformed into a powerful and important army of Chhatrapati Shivaji, because at the behest of Shivaji, the Mahadev Kolis revolted against the Bijapur Sultanate Sultan (; ', ) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Delhi
New Delhi (; ) is the Capital city, capital of India and a part of the Delhi, National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT). New Delhi is the seat of all three branches of the Government of India, hosting the Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Parliament House, New Delhi, Sansad Bhavan, and the Supreme Court of India, Supreme Court. New Delhi is a Municipal governance in India, municipality within the NCT, administered by the New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC), which covers mostly Lutyens' Delhi and a few adjacent areas. The municipal area is part of a larger List of districts in India, administrative district, the New Delhi district. Although colloquially ''Delhi'' and ''New Delhi'' are used interchangeably to refer to the National Capital Territory of Delhi, both are distinct entities, with the municipality and the New Delhi district forming a relatively small part within the megacity of Delhi. The National Capital Region (India), National Capital Region is an even larger entity, compris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jizya
Jizya (), or jizyah, is a type of taxation levied on non-Muslim subjects of a state governed by Sharia, Islamic law. The Quran and hadiths mention jizya without specifying its rate or amount,Sabet, Amr (2006), ''The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences'' 24:4, Oxford; pp. 99–100. and the application of jizya varied in the course of Islamic history. However, scholars largely agree that early Muslim rulers adapted some of the existing systems of taxation and modified them according to Islamic religious law.online Historically, the jizya tax has been understood in Islam as a fee for protection provided by the Muslim ruler to non-Muslims, for the exemption from military service for non-Muslims, for the permission to practice a non-Muslim faith with some communal autonomy in a Muslim state, and as material proof of the non-Muslims' allegiance to the Muslim state and its laws. The majority of Muslim jurists required adult, free, sane men, males among the dhimma community to pay ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Former Countries In South Asia
A former is an object, such as a template, gauge or cutting die, which is used to form something such as a boat's hull. Typically, a former gives shape to a structure that may have complex curvature. A former may become an integral part of the finished structure, as in an aircraft fuselage, or it may be removable, being used in the construction process and then discarded or re-used. Aircraft formers Formers are used in the construction of aircraft fuselage, of which a typical fuselage has a series from the nose cone to the empennage, typically perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft. The primary purpose of formers is to establish the shape of the fuselage and reduce the column length of stringers to prevent instability. Formers are typically attached to longerons, which support the skin of the aircraft. The "former-and-longeron" technique (also called stations and stringers) was adopted from boat construction, and was typical of light aircraft built until th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hindu States
Hindus (; ; also known as Sanātanīs) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism, also known by its endonym Sanātana Dharma.Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pp. 35–37 Historically, the term has also been used as a geographical, cultural, and later religious identifier for people living in the Indian subcontinent. It is assumed that the term ''"Hindu"'' traces back to Avestan scripture Vendidad which refers to land of seven rivers as Hapta Hendu which itself is a cognate to Sanskrit term ''Sapta Sindhuḥ''. (The term ''Sapta Sindhuḥ'' is mentioned in Rig Veda and refers to a North western Indian region of seven rivers and to India as a whole.) The Greek cognates of the same terms are "''Indus''" (for the river) and "''India''" (for the land of the river). Likewise the Hebrew cognate ''hōd-dū'' refers to India mentioned in Hebrew BibleEsther 1:1. The term "''Hindu''" also implied a geographic, ethnic or cultural identifier for people l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maharashtra
Maharashtra () is a state in the western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau. It is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, the Indian states of Karnataka and Goa to the south, Telangana to the southeast and Chhattisgarh to the east, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh to the north, and the Indian union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu to the northwest. Maharashtra is the second-most populous state in India, the third most populous country subdivision in South Asia and the fourth-most populous in the world. The state is divided into 6 divisions and 36 districts. Mumbai is the capital of Maharashtra due to its historical significance as a major trading port and its status as India's financial hub, housing key institutions and a diverse economy. Additionally, Mumbai's well-developed infrastructure and cultural diversity make it a suitable administrative center for the state, and the most populous urban are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hindavi Swarajya
Hindavi Swarajya (; "self-rule of Hindu people") is a term attributed to Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Kingdom. After Shivaji's death, the term ''swarajya'' came into widespread use, without "Hindavi" but rather associated with "Maratha". According to André Wink, the term ''Maratha Swarajya'' meant a form of zamindari sovereignty, not necessarily attached to any particular territory.: "''Maratha Svarajya'' was a form of ‘zamindari sovereignty’ not merely in the eyes of the Mughals but actually established by people who were often just one or two generations away from village or district zamindari status and the practice of ‘organizing cultivation and expelling robbers’." The term '' Swaraj'' was later adopted by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, one of the early leaders of the Indian independence movement against the British Empire. Origin Popular belief holds that the Maratha warrior Shivaji used the phrase ''Hindavi Swarajya'' in a letter to Dadaji Naras Prabhu Deshpande o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deccan Sultanates
The Deccan sultanates is a historiographical term referring to five late medieval to early modern Persianate Indian Muslim kingdoms on the Deccan Plateau between the Krishna River and the Vindhya Range. They were created from the disintegration of the Bahmani Sultanate and ruled by various dynasties: namely Ahmadnagar, Berar, Bidar, Bijapur, and Golconda. The five sultanates owed their existence to the declaration of independence of Ahmadnagar in 1490, which was followed by Bijapur and Berar in the same year. Bidar became independent in , and Golconda in 1512. Although the five sultanates were all ruled by Muslims, their founders were of diverse origins: the Nizam Shahi dynasty, the ruling family of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate, was founded by Malik Hasan Bahri, a Deccani Muslim of Brahmin origin; the Berar Sultanate by a Kannadiga Hindu Brahmin slave brought up as a Deccani Muslim; the Bidar Sultanate was founded by a Georgian slave; the Bijapur Sultanate was founded by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adil Shahi Dynasty
The Sultanate of Bijapur was an early modern kingdom in the western Deccan and South India, ruled by the Muslim Adil Shahi (or Adilshahi) dynasty. Bijapur had been a ''taraf'' (province) of the Bahmani Kingdom prior to its independence in 1490 and before the kingdom's political decline in the last quarter of the 15th century. It was one of the Deccan sultanates, the collective name of the kingdom's five successor states. The Sultanate of Bijapur was one of the most powerful states on the Indian Subcontinent at its peak, second to the Mughal Empire which conquered it in 1686 under Aurangzeb. After emigrating to the Bahmani Sultanate, Yusuf Adil Shah rose through the ranks to be appointed governor of the province of Bijapur. In 1490, he created a ''de facto'' independent Bijapur state which became formally independent with the Bahmani collapse in 1518. The Bijapur Sultanate's borders changed considerably throughout its history. Its northern boundary remained relatively stable, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shivaji
Shivaji I (Shivaji Shahaji Bhonsale, ; 19 February 1630 – 3 April 1680) was an Indian ruler and a member of the Bhonsle dynasty. Shivaji carved out his own independent kingdom from the Sultanate of Bijapur that formed the genesis of the Maratha Empire. In 1674, he was formally crowned the ''Chhatrapati'' of his realm at Raigad Fort. Shivaji offered passage and his service to the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb to invade the declining Sultanate of Bijapur. After Aurangzeb's departure for the north due to a war of succession, Shivaji conquered territories ceded by Bijapur in the name of the Mughals. Following his defeat at the hands of Jai Singh I, the senior most general ("Mirza (noble), Mirza Raja") of the Mughal Empire, in the Battle of Purandar, Shivaji entered into vassalage with the Mughal empire, assuming the role of a Mughal chief and was conferred with the title of ''Raja (title), Raja'' by Aurangzeb. He undertook military expeditions on behalf of the Mughal Empire for a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chhatrapati
Chhatrapati is a royal title from Sanskrit used to denote a king. The word "Chhatrapati" is a Sanskrit language compound word of '' chhatra'' ('' parasol'' or ''umbrella'') and '' pati'' (''master/lord/ruler''). This title was used by the House of Bhonsle, between 1674 and 1818, as the heads of state of the Maratha Empire and later by the states of Satara and Kolhapur. List of Chhatrapatis of the Maratha Empire * Shivaji I *Sambhaji * Rajaram I *Shivaji II *Shahu I * Rajaram II * Shahu II * Pratap Singh of Satara See also * List of Maratha rulers * House of Bhonsle * Maratha Empire * Maratha The Marathi people (; Marathi: , ''Marāṭhī lōk'') or Marathis (Marathi: मराठी, ''Marāṭhī'') are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group who are native to Maharashtra in western India. They natively speak Marathi, an Indo-A ... * Maratha titles Notes References * V. S. Kadam, 1993. ''Maratha Confederacy: A Study in Its Origin and Development''. Munshi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maratha Army
The Maratha Army was the land-based armed forces of the Maratha Confederacy, which existed from the late 17th to the early 19th centuries in the Indian subcontinent. 17th century Shivaji, The great the founder of Maratha Kingdom, raised a small yet effective land army. For better administration, Shivaji abolished the land-grants or ''jagir'' for military officers and instituted a system of salary or cash payment for their services. During the 17th century the Maratha Army was small in terms of numbers when compared to the Mughal Army, numbering some 100,000. Shivaji gave more emphasis to infantry compared to cavalry, considering the rugged mountainous terrain he operated in. Furthermore, Shivaji did not have access to the North Indian Mughal dominated horse markets. During this era, the armies of the Marathas were known for their agility due to the light equipment of both infantry and cavalry. Artillery was mostly confined to the Maratha fortresses, which were located on hilltop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahadev Kolis
Mahadev may refer to: *Shiva, a primary Hindu deity **Parashiva, a form of Shiva **Parameshwara (god), a form of Shiva *Mahadev, Nepal *Mahadev Peak, a mountain peak in Kashmir Valley *Kailashnath Mahadev Statue in Nepal *Para Brahman, a Hindu deity People *Mahadev Desai (1892–1942), Indian independence activist *Mahadev Govind Ranade (1842–1901), Indian scholar and social reformer See also * '' Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev'', an Indian TV series which ran 2011-2014 * Mahadeva (other) * Mahadevi Mahadevi (, , IPA: / mɐɦɑd̪eʋiː/), also referred to as Adi Parashakti, and Mahamaya, is the supreme goddess in Hinduism. According to the goddess-centric sect Shaktism, all Hindu gods and goddesses are considered to be manifestations of t ..., Hindu goddess * ''Mahadevi'' (film), 1957 Indian film by Sundar Rao Nadkarni {{dab, geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
