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Battle Of Kidal (2023)
The battle of Kidal took place between November 10 and 14, 2023, during the Kidal offensive in renewed conflict between the CSP-PSD and the Malian Armed Forces and allied Wagner Group mercenaries during the Mali War. The city of Kidal had been under rebel control since 2014, and the 2015 Algiers Agreement enacted a ceasefire and Kidal Region subsequently was de facto controlled by rebel groups. When Malian and Wagner forces captured the city on November 14, it marked the first time in nine years that all Malian regional capitals were fully under Malian government control. Background During the initial Tuareg rebellion of 2012 that began the Mali War, Kidal was a flashpoint of conflict between the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA), the Malian government, and jihadist groups. The first seizure of the city was in March 2012 by Ansar Dine and AQIM jihadists. The jihadists abandoned the city in January 2013 in the wake of Operation Serval, and was captured by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kidal
Kidal ( Tuareg Berber: ⴾⴸⵍ, KDL, Kidal) is a town and commune in the desert region of northern Mali. The town lies northeast of Gao and is the capital of the Kidal Cercle and the Kidal Region. The commune has an area of about and includes the town of Kidal and 31 other settlements. History On 30 March 2012, Kidal and its military base were captured by the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad as part of the Tuareg rebellion for the independence of Azawad. A spokesman for the Malian military junta said "To preserve the life of the people of Kidal, the military command decided not to prolong the battle". Gao and Timbuktu were captured within the next 48 hours, and on 6 April, the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad declared the independence of Azawad from Mali. In the course of the conflict the MNLA lost their control to Islamist militias. On 30 January 2013 French and Malian forces moved into the town to bring it back under government control. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algiers Accords (2015)
The Algiers Accords, officially referred to as the Accord for Peace and Reconciliation in Mali, is a 2015 agreement to end the Mali War. The agreement was signed on May 15 and June 20, 2015, in Bamako, following negotiations in Algiers between the Republic of Mali and Coordination of Azawad Movements (CMA). The agreement was eventually terminated by the Malian government on January 25, 2024, amid open conflict with the CMA that sprung from the withdrawal of MINUSMA peacekeepers and presence of Wagner Group forces. Background In 2012, Mali experienced a deep political and security crisis due to the insurgency in its northern regions. A military coup in Bamako and the rise of armed Tuareg groups, such as the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) and jihadist elements, destabilised the region further. By 2013, the Malian government, supported by French forces under Operation Serval, as well as troops from Chad and other African nations, managed to recapture much of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MINUSMA
The United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (, MINUSMA) was a United Nations peacekeeping mission in Mali. MINUSMA was established on 25 April 2013 by United Nations Security Council Resolution 2100 to stabilise the country after the Tuareg rebellion of 2012, and was terminated over a decade later on 30 June 2023. Officially deployed on 1 July 2013, MINUSMA was the UN's deadliest peacekeeping mission. While UNIFIL, the mission in Lebanon, has lost more peacekeepers overall, by incident type the majority of those deaths at 135 are officially listed as "accidents." At 175 deaths by "malicious act," MINUSMA was officially the deadliest Peacekeeping mission of all time. During MINUSMA's existence, there were two further international peace operations in Mali. These were the European Union missions EUCAP Sahel Mali and EUTM Mali. History In 2012, Tuareg and other peoples in northern Mali's Azawad region started an insurgency in the north under th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Léré, Mali
Léré is a small town and rural commune of the Cercle of Niafunké in the Tombouctou Region of Mali. The commune covers an area of approximately 1,342 square kilometers and contains the town and 18 villages. In the 2009 census the commune had a population of 16,072. The town is around 60 km east of the Mauritanian border. A weekly market is held in the town on Fridays that attracts people from the surrounding settlements. Léré was allegedly captured by Tuareg rebels The Tuareg people (; also spelled Twareg or Touareg; endonym, depending on variety: ''Imuhaɣ'', ''Imušaɣ'', ''Imašeɣăn'' or ''Imajeɣăn'') are a large Berber ethnic group, traditionally nomadic pastoralists, who principally inhabit the S ... in September 2023 following the departure of a United Nations peacekeeping mission from the country. References External links * . Communes of Tombouctou Region {{Tombouctou-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bourem
Bourem is a commune and small town in the Gao Region of northeastern Mali. The town sits on the left bank of the River Niger. It was the site of an attack by the Permanent Strategic Framework for Peace, Security, and Development (CSP-PSD) on the Malian Armed Forces and their Wagner Group The Wagner Group (), officially known as PMC Wagner (, ), is a Russian state-funded private military company (PMC) controlled 2023 Wagner Group plane crash, until 2023 by Yevgeny Prigozhin, a former close ally of Russia's president Vladimir Pu ... allies on 12 September 2023. References External links *. Communes of Gao Region Communities on the Niger River {{Gao-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ber, Mali
Ber is a village and commune of the Cercle of Timbuktu in the Tombouctou Region of Mali. The village lies 8 km north of the Niger River and 53 km east of Timbuktu Timbuktu ( ; ; Koyra Chiini: ; ) is an ancient city in Mali, situated north of the Niger River. It is the capital of the Tombouctou Region, one of the eight administrative regions of Mali, having a population of 32,460 in the 2018 census. .... In the 2009 census the commune had a population of 9,128. The commune is mainly sand dunes and extends for 35,280 km2. References External links Communes of Tombouctou Region {{Tombouctou-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Permanent Strategic Framework For Peace, Security, And Development
The Strategic Framework for the Defense of the People of Azawad (; CSP-DPA) was a coalition of political and military movements in northern Mali that was formed on 6 May 2021, as an alliance of the Coordination of Azawad Movements (CMA) and Platform. In September 2023, Platform left the CSP-PSD due to the CMA's war with the Malian government. In April 2024, the CSP-DPA was renamed from the Permanent Strategic Framework for Peace, Security, and Development (; CSP-PSD). History Throughout the 2010s, there were brief clashes between the CMA and Platform, so the two groups began talks in late 2020 on reconciling their differences over the Algiers Agreement of 2015. The CSP-PSD was created officially on 6 May 2021, after two days of discussion in Rome. Their first provisional president was Bilal Ag Acherif, leader of the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA), vice-president Fahad Ag Al-Mahmoud, and their spokesperson was Moussa Ag Acharatoumane. On 12 December 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Kidal (2016)
The battle of Kidal took place between July 21 and 22, 2016 between GATIA, a pro-government militia consisting of Imghad Tuaregs, against the Coordination of Azawad Movements, consisting of Ifoghas Tuaregs. Prelude On May 21, 2014, the city of Kidal came under control of three Tuareg rebel groups; the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA), High Council for the Unity of Azawad (HCUA), and the Arab Movement of Azawad (MAA) during the Second Battle of Kidal. The rebels came together a few weeks later to form the Coordination of Azawad Movements (CMA), and later signed the Algiers Agreement in 2015. The CMA remained in control of Kidal during the talks, and fighting broke out shortly afterwards between the CMA and the pro-government Platform of the June 14, 2014 movements of Algiers (Platform), which included GATIA. Discussions in Anefif in late 2015 led to Platform and the CMA to cease confrontations. Between February 1 and 2, 2016, several hundred to a thousan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
