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Battle Of Choloki (1918)
The Battle of Choloki was a battle between the Ottoman Empire and Transcaucasian Commissariat, Transcaucasian troops on the Caucasus campaign, Caucasian front of the World War I. Background On March 3, 1918, between Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Soviet Russia and German Empire, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottomans and Bulgaria, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Brest-Litovsk Armistice Agreement was signed, according to which Russia withdrew from the World War I. According to the truce, Russia had to give Batumi and Kars districts to the Ottoman Empire. At that time South Caucasus, Transcaucasia was actually independent from the RSFSR and was governed by Transcaucasian Seim, Transcaucasia Seim and Transcaucasian Commissariat, Transcaucasia Commissariat, although it had not declared independence. The Ottoman Empire demanded the surrender of the territories belonging to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk from the Transcaucasian government as well. The Seim tried to solve the probl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Choloki
The Choloki ( ka, ჩოლოქი, also Cholok) in Georgia (country), Georgia forms the border between the autonomous province of Ajaria and the province of Guria. For a time in the 19th century it formed the border between Turkey and Imperial Russia. History During the Crimean War the Turks crossed it in 1853 and were driven back the following year during the Battle of Choloki. Another Battle of Choloki (1918), military episode took place on April 16, 1918, when the Georgian National Guard under General-Lieutenant Giorgi Mazniashvili repelled a Turkish invasion force. The bridge over Choloki river that was a main road link between Ajaria and the rest of Georgia was blown up on May 2, 2004, by the ousted leadership of the Autonomy. Ajarian leader Aslan Abashidze called the decision to blow up the bridges in the Kobuleti border region "a preventive measure against the possible attempt of military action by the central Georgian authorities." References {{Rivers of Ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trebizond Peace Conference
The Trebizond Peace Conference was a conference held between 14 March and 13 April 1918 in Trebizond between the Ottoman Empire and a delegation of the Transcaucasian Diet ( Transcaucasian Seim) and government. The opening session was on 14 March 1918. The representatives were Rear-Admiral Hüseyin Rauf Bey for the Ottoman Empire, and Akaki Chkhenkeli, Khalil bey Khasmammadov, Alexander Khatisian etc. as the Transcaucasian delegation. The Armistice of Erzincan signed by the Russian and Ottomans in Erzincan on December 5, 1917, ended the armed conflicts between Russia and Ottoman Empire in the Persian Campaign and Caucasus Campaign of the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. Tadeusz Swietochowski, ''Russian Azerbaijan 1905-1920'', page 119 The armistice was followed by the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on March 3, 1918, between the Russian SFSR and the Central Powers, marking Russia's exit from World War I. The Ottoman Empire and the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Rep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Likhauri
Likhauri ( ka, ლიხაური) is a village in the Ozurgeti district of Guria in western Georgia. References * Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia The ''Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia'' ( ka, ქართული საბჭოთა ენციკლოპედია, tr, ქსე) is the first universal encyclopedia in the Georgian language, printed in Tbilisi from 1965, the editor ... Vol. 6, p. 270, 1977. Geography of Georgia (country) {{Georgia-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isidore Ramishvili
Isidore Ramishvili ( ka, ისიდორე რამიშვილი) (7 June 1859 – 14 November 1937) was a Georgian Social Democratic politician, journalist, and one of the leaders of Menshevik movement in Imperial Russia. Ramishvili rose to prominence during the 1905 Russian Revolution as an outspoken critic of the Tsar government in the Duma and an eloquent speaker at mass rallies or party meetings. Repeatedly arrested and exiled by both Tsarist and Bolshevik authorities, he is considered a symbol of resistance and resilience. Early years Born to a poor family in a remote mountainous gorge of Guria, Ramishvili finished the Ozurgeti theological school before entering the Tiflis Theological Seminary. He graduated from the seminary in 1885, being deeply critical of the Tsarist regime and sympathetic to the Narodniks. Ramishvili refused to continue his theological studies and chose to create educational places where the poorest people could gain some knowledge. In 1887 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lanchkhuti
Lanchkhuti () is a city in the Georgian region of Guria. It has a population of about 6,395. Lanchkhuti received city status in 1961. Under the USSR, it was the centre of the Georgian SSR Lanchkhuti area and today continues to serve as the capital of the eponymous district within the Guria region. Lanchkhuti is an industrial town with a tea processing factory, cannery, meat and dairy factory and a brick and tile factory. The town is served by a railway station on the Samtredia-Batumi line. International relations Twin towns — Sister cities * Cody, Wyoming, United States * Kupiškis District Municipality, Lithuania Sports The local football club is FC Guria Lanchkhuti, who play their home games at the Evgrapi Shevardnadze Stadium. They played one season in the Soviet Top League and won the 1990 Georgian Cup. See also * Guria Guria ( ka, გურია) is a region (''mkhare'') in Georgia (country), Georgia, in the western part of the country, bordered by the eastern e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kobuleti
Kobuleti ( ka, ქობულეთი, ) is a town in Adjara, western Georgia (country), Georgia, situated on the eastern coast of the Black Sea. It is the seat of Kobuleti Municipality and a seaside resort. It was known as ''Çürüksu'' during Ottoman Empire, Ottoman rule.https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/188259 Çürüksu Kazası (District of Çürüksu) Kodaman, B and İpek, N. (1992), On Dokuz Mayıs University Education Faculty Journal, Vol. 7, No. 1, 103-124 Geography The city is situated in the south-western part of Georgia (country), Georgia, i.e. the northern part of the Autonomous Republic of Ajara. It borders with Ozurgeti Region to the north. The Regional centre is Kobuleti City, which stretches along the Black Sea shore. After the civil wars of 1990–1993, the once sophisticated sanatoriums remained abandoned and plundered until 2004. In the meantime Kobuleti has developed into an upscale tourist center again. Kobuleti Region consists of one mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ironclad Train Of Georgian Democratic Republic
An ironclad was a steam-propelled warship protected by steel or iron armor constructed from 1859 to the early 1890s. The ironclad was developed as a result of the vulnerability of wooden warships to explosive or incendiary shells. The first ironclad battleship, , was launched by the French Navy in November 1859, narrowly preempting the British Royal Navy. However, Britain built the first completely iron-hulled warships. Ironclads were first used in warfare in 1862 during the American Civil War, when they operated against wooden ships, and against each other at the Battle of Hampton Roads in Virginia. Their performance demonstrated that the ironclad had replaced the unarmored ship of the line as the most powerful warship afloat. Ironclad gunboats became very successful in the American Civil War. Ironclads were designed for several uses, including as high-seas battleships, long-range cruisers, and coastal defense ships. Rapid development of warship design in the late 19th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noe Zhordania
Noe Zhordania ( ka, ნოე ჟორდანია ; ; born – January 11, 1953)შველიძე დ., საქართველოს დემოკრატიული რესპუბლიკა (1918–1921): ენციკლოპედია-ლექსიკონი. გვ. 321-322. was a Georgia (country), Georgian journalist and Social Democratic Labour Party of Georgia, Menshevik politician. He played an eminent role in the socialist revolutionary movement in the Russian Empire, and later chaired the government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia from July 24, 1918, until March 18, 1921, when the Russian SFSR, Bolshevik Russian Red Army invasion of Georgia forced him into exile to France. There Zhordania led the Government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia in exile, government-in-exile until his death in 1953. Biography Early life and background Zhordania was born on to a petty landowner family living in the village of Lanchkhuti in Guria, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Council Of Georgia
The National Council of Georgia ( ka, საქართველოს ეროვნული საბჭო, ''sakartvelos erovnuli sabcho'') was the first delegated legislative body formed by Georgia's major political parties and social organizations on November 19, 1917, during the Russian Revolution. The Council presided over the declaration of independence of the Democratic Republic of Georgia on May 26, 1918, and was renamed into the Parliament of Georgia (საქართველოს პარლამენტი, ''sakartvelos parlament'i'') on October 4, 1918. It was succeeded by the Constituent Assembly of Georgia, a legislative body elected through the nationwide general elections on February 14, 1919. Formation The National Council of Georgia (NCG) was elected at the National Congress of Georgia held in the State Treasury Theater in Tiflis (now Tbilisi Opera and Ballet Theatre) from November 19 to 23, 1917, and attended by 329 delegates from Georgia’s all m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chakvi
Chakvi ( ka, ჩაქვი ), also known as Chakva, is a resort town in Georgia by the Black Sea coast. It is part of Kobuleti Municipality. Economy Chakvi is known throughout Georgia as being the birthplace of tea production in Georgia. Chakvi was one of several tea producing areas that produced tea for the Soviet Union. Wild tea plants can still be found, and some limited tea production still continues, in the hills above Chakvi. In July 2007 the $600,000 Chakvi radar station was constructed through oversight of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is the military engineering branch of the United States Army. A direct reporting unit (DRU), it has three primary mission areas: Engineer Regiment, military construction, and civil wor ... Europe District. It serves both the commercial and military port. See also * Adjara References External links Cities and towns in Adjara Populated places in Kobuleti Municipal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ozurgeti
Ozurgeti ( ka, ოზურგეთი ) is the capital of the western Georgia (country), Georgian province of Guria. It was formerly known as Macharadze or Makharadze (named in honor of Filipp Makharadze). It is a regional center of tea and hazelnut processing. Ozurgeti is also administrative center of Ozurgeti Municipality, Ozurgeti District. Geography Ozurgeti is Above mean sea level, above sea level. Most of the town is located between the Bzhuzhi and Natanebi rivers. The Natanebi is a subterranean river in Ozurgeti, with a good deal of the city built on top of it, while the Bzhuzhi flows above ground. The city is bounded by hills in the north and south. Ozurgeti sits on a slope that was leveled into three broad terraces: The market district, containing bazaars and small shops, as well as a plaza overlooked by a statue of a mermaid, is on the lowermost level. Most of the city’s public buildings—including municipal buildings, the cinema, the theater, and museums—as we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caucasus
The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region spanning Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, comprising parts of Southern Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range, have conventionally been considered as a natural barrier between Europe and Asia, bisecting the Eurasian landmass. Mount Elbrus, Europe's highest mountain, is situated in the Western Caucasus area of Russia. On the southern side, the Lesser Caucasus includes the Javakheti Plateau and the Armenian highlands. The Caucasus is divided into the North Caucasus and South Caucasus, although the Western Caucasus also exists as a distinct geographic space within the North Caucasus. The Greater Caucasus mountain range in the north is mostly shared by Russia and Georgia as well as the northernmost parts of Azerbaijan. The Lesser Caucasus mountain range in the south is mostly located on the territory of sout ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
