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Battle Of Addi Qarro
The Battle of Addi Qarro also called the Battle of Addi Ye'Qorro (ግጥም ዓዲ ይዕቖሮ) was a battle that took place between forces of the Ethiopian Empire and forces of the Ottoman Empire in December 1578 in the Tigray Province of the Ethiopian Empire. The forces of the Ethiopian Empire were led by the Emperor Sarsa Dengel while the forces of the Ottoman Empire were led by Ahmad pasha, beylerbey of habeş, supplemented by troops of Bahr Negus Yeshaq who was in rebellion against the emperor at the time. The battle followed an earlier Ethiopian victory over the Ottomans at Enticaw on November 13 of the same year and resulted in the liquidation of the invading Ottoman army. Battle Prior to the battle, Sarsa Dengel replied to Yeshaq stating "you may come to me with the Turks, (but) I will come to you with Christ my savior" (Rossini, 1961-62:56). In any case, Yeshaq was struck to death by a spear, and Ahmed Pasha was beheaded (Rossini, 1961-62: 74-75). The victory sealed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethiopian Empire
The Ethiopian Empire, historically known as Abyssinia or simply Ethiopia, was a sovereign state that encompassed the present-day territories of Ethiopia and Eritrea. It existed from the establishment of the Solomonic dynasty by Yekuno Amlak around 1270 until the 1974 Ethiopian coup d'état, 1974 coup d'état by the Derg, which ended the reign of the final Emperor, Haile Selassie. In the late 19th century, under Emperor Menelik II, the Menelik II's conquests, empire expanded significantly to the south, and in 1952, Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea, Eritrea was federated under Selassie's rule. Despite being surrounded by hostile forces throughout much of its history, the empire maintained a kingdom centered on its Orthodox Tewahedo, ancient Christian heritage. Founded in 1270 by Yekuno Amlak, who claimed to descend from the last Kingdom of Aksum, Aksumite king and ultimately King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, it replaced the Agaw people, Agaw Zagwe Kingdom, kingdom of the Za ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethiopian Pennants
Ethiopians are the native inhabitants of Ethiopia, as well as the global Ethiopian diaspora, diaspora of Ethiopia. Ethiopians constitute #Ethnicity, several component ethnic groups, many of which are closely related to ethnic groups in neighboring Eritrea and other parts of the Horn of Africa. The first documented use of the name "Ethiopia" from Greek name , was in the 4th century during the reign of Kingdom of Aksum, Aksumite king Ezana of Axum, Ezana. There were three ethnolinguistic groups in the Kingdom of Aksum; Semitic languages, Semitic, Cushitic languages, Cushitic, and Nilo-Saharan languages, Nilo-Saharan (ancestors of the modern-day Kunama people, Kunama and Nara people, Nara). The Kingdom of Aksum remained a geopolitically influential entity until the Kingdom of Aksum#Decline, decline of its capital — also named Axum — beginning in the 7th century. Nevertheless, the core Aksumite civilization was preserved and continued into the successive Zagwe dynasty. By this ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tigray Province
Tigray Province (), also known as Tigre ( tigrē), was a historical province of northern Ethiopia that overlayed the present day Afar and Tigray regions. Akele Guzai borders with the Tigray province. It encompassed most of the territories of Tigrinya-speakers (and a few minority groups) in Ethiopia. Tigray was separated from the northern Tigrinya speaking territories by the Mareb River, now serving as the state border to Eritrea, bordering Amhara region in the south. The great majority of inhabitants were Orthodox Christians (95.5% in 1994), with the exception of a small, but important Muslim subgroup ( Jeberti) and a few Catholics (mainly Irob). Protestantism is only a very recent urban phenomenon. Despite a general impression of ethnic and cultural homogeneity, there were a few ethnic minorities, especially at the borders of Tigray, belonging to a non- Tigrinya groups, such as the Saho-speaking Irob at the north-eastern border to Eritrea, the people, Raya in the south-e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Turks
The Ottoman Turks () were a Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group in Anatolia. Originally from Central Asia, they migrated to Anatolia in the 13th century and founded the Ottoman Empire, in which they remained socio-politically dominant for the entirety of the six centuries that it existed. Their descendants are the present-day Turkish people, who comprise the majority of the population in the Turkey, Republic of Turkey, which was established shortly after the end of World War I. Reliable information about the early history of the Ottoman Turks remains scarce, but they take their Turkish name from Osman I, who founded the Ottoman dynasty, House of Osman alongside the Ottoman Empire; the name "Osman (name), Osman" was altered to "Ottoman" when it was transliterated into some Languages of Europe, European languages over time. The Ottoman principality, expanding from Söğüt, gradually began incorporating other Turkish-speaking Muslims and non-Turkish Christians into their realm. B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Debarwa
Debarwa ( ) is a market town in central Eritrea. It is situated about 25 kilometers south of the capital Asmara, and has a population of about 25,000 inhabitants. It is the capital of the Debarwa district (''Tsilima'') in the Debub ("Southern") administrative region (one of five in Eritrea). History Debarwa was one of the most important settlements in the region during the medieval era. An Ethiopian monk, Brother Antonio, told the Venetian scholar Alessandro Zorzi that it was the "chief city" and residence of a nobleman known as the ''Bahr Negash''. Portuguese traveler Francisco Álvares, who visited the town describes that it was the site of the ruler's "principal palaces". Alvares describes the town as "very good," perched on a high rock above the Mereb River, with the ''Bahr Negashs house resembling a fortress. Guarded by over 300 mounted men, it was a hub of daily petitions, attracting many visitors and young women drawn to the wealthy courtiers. The town had over 300 house ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pasha
Pasha (; ; ) was a high rank in the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman political and military system, typically granted to governors, generals, dignitary, dignitaries, and others. ''Pasha'' was also one of the highest titles in the 20th-century Kingdom of Egypt and it was also used in Morocco in the 20th century, where it denoted a regional official or governor of a district. Etymology The English word ''pasha'' comes from Turkish language, Turkish ('; also ()). The Oxford English Dictionary attributes the origin of the English borrowing to the mid-17th century. The etymology of the Turkish word itself has been a matter of debate. Contrary to titles like emir (''amīr'') and bey (sir), which were established in usage much earlier, the title ''pasha'' came into Ottoman Empire, Ottoman usage right after the reign of Osman I (d. 1324), though it had been used before the Ottomans by some Anatolian beyliks, Anatolian Turkish rulers of the same era. Old Turkish had no fixed distinction betwe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yeshaq (Bahr Negus)
Yeshaq (died 1578) was the Bahr Negus during the mid to late 16th century. A subordinate of Ethiopian Emperor Dawit II, he was noted for supporting Gelawdewos and rebelling against his successors during the Ottoman conflict.E.A Wallis Budge, ''Ethiopia and the Ethiopians'', vol. 2 p. 359 Reign Bahr Negus Yeshaq first appears in history about the time the Portuguese fleet arrived at Massawa in 1541. When Christovão da Gama marched inland with his 400 matchlockmen, Yeshaq not only provided him provisions and places to camp in his realm, but also about 500 soldiers and information about the land. The father of the ''Bahr negus'', who had despaired of the rightful Emperor being restored to power and had come to be a valuable supporter of Ahmed Gragn, sought pardon from Gelawdewos, offering Imam Ahmad's son in exchange; despite the Emperor's anger at the man's betrayal, out of respect for the ''Bahr negus'', who had provided critical help in getting the Portuguese expedition into Eth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Janissary
A janissary (, , ) was a member of the elite infantry units that formed the Ottoman sultan's household troops. They were the first modern standing army, and perhaps the first infantry force in the world to be equipped with firearms, adopted during the reign of Murad II (r. 1421–1444, 1446–1451). The corps was established under either Orhan or Murad I, and dismantled by Mahmud II in 1826. Janissaries began as elite corps made up through the ''devşirme'' system of Ghilman, child levy enslavement, by which Ethnic groups in Europe, indigenous European Christians, Christian boys, chiefly from the Balkans, were taken, levied, subjected to forced circumcision and Forced conversion#Islam, forced conversion to Islam, and incorporated into the Ottoman army in the 15th–19th centuries, Ottoman army. They became famed for internal cohesion cemented by strict discipline and order. Unlike typical History of slavery in the Muslim world, slaves, they were paid regular salaries. Forbidden ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medri Bahri
Medri Bahri ( Tigrinya: ምድሪ ባሕሪ, English: ''Land of the Sea'') or Mereb Melash (Tigrinya: መረብ ምላሽ, English: ''Beyond the Mereb''), also known as Baharanegash, Ma'ikele Bahr or Bambolo Melash was a semi-autonomous province of the Ethiopian Empire ruled by the ''Bahr Negash''. This province was located north of the Mareb River and west of the Bur Province, in the Eritrean highlands ( Kebassa) and some surrounding areas, mainly comprising the historical provinces of Hamasien and Seraye. History According to historian Richard Pankhurst it was during the reign of Emperor Zara Yaqob (r. 1433–1468) when the title ''Bahr Negash'' ("Ruler of the sea") appeared for the first time. However, it also appears in an obscure land grant of the Zagwe King Tatadim, who ruled during the 11th century. He considered the unnamed Bahr Negash as one of his ''seyyuman'' or "appointed ones". Zara Yaqob's chronicle explains how he, after arriving to the region, put much effort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries. The empire emerged from a Anatolian beyliks, ''beylik'', or principality, founded in northwestern Anatolia in by the Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. His successors Ottoman wars in Europe, conquered much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans by the mid-14th century, transforming their petty kingdom into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the Fall of Constantinople, conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed II. With its capital at History of Istanbul#Ottoman Empire, Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interacti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of The Ottoman Empire (1453-1844)
The Ottoman Empire used various flags and naval ensigns during its history. The crescent and star came into use in the second half of the 18th century. A ' (decree) from 1793 required that the ships of the Ottoman Navy were to use a red flag with the star and crescent in white. In 1844, a version of this flag, with a five-pointed star, was officially adopted as the Ottoman national flag. The decision to adopt a national flag was part of the ''Tanzimat'' reforms which aimed to modernize the Ottoman state in line with the laws and norms of contemporary European states and institutions. The star and crescent design later became a common element in the national flags of Ottoman successor states in the 20th century. The current flag of Turkey is essentially the same as the late Ottoman flag, but has more specific legal standardizations (regarding its measures, geometric proportions, and exact tone of red) that were introduced with the Turkish Flag Law on 29 May 1936. Before the legal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
