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Baseball Scorekeeping
Baseball scorekeeping is the practice of recording the details of a baseball game as it unfolds. Professional baseball leagues hire official scorers to keep an official record of each game (from which a box score can be generated), but many fans keep score as well for their own enjoyment. Scorekeeping is usually done on a printed scorecard and, while official scorers must adhere precisely to one of the few different scorekeeping notations, most fans exercise some amount of creativity and adopt their own symbols and styles. History Sportswriter Henry Chadwick is generally credited as the inventor of baseball scorekeeping. His basic scorecard and notation have evolved significantly since their advent in the 1870s but they remain the basis for most of what has followed. Abbreviations and grammar Some symbols and abbreviations are shared by nearly all scorekeeping systems. For example, the position of each player is indicated by a number: # Pitcher (P) # Catcher (C) # First bas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triple Play
In baseball or softball, a triple play (denoted as TP in baseball statistics) is the act of making three out (baseball), outs during the same play. There have only been 739 triple plays in Major League Baseball (MLB) since 1876, an average of just over five per season. They depend on a combination of two factors, which are themselves uncommon: * First, there must be at least two Base running, baserunners, and no outs. From analysis of all MLB games from 2011 to 2013, only 1.51% of at bats occur in such a scenario. By comparison, 27.06% of at bats occur with at least one baserunner and fewer than two outs, the scenario where a double play is possible. * Second, activity must occur during the play that enables the defense to make three outs. Common plays, such as the batter striking out or hitting a fly ball, do not normally provide an opportunity for a triple play. A ball hit sharply and directly to an infielder, who then takes very quick or unanticipated action, as well as confu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Application Programming Interface
An application programming interface (API) is a connection between computers or between computer programs. It is a type of software Interface (computing), interface, offering a service to other pieces of software. A document or standard that describes how to build such a connection or interface is called an ''API specification''. A computer system that meets this standard is said to ''implement'' or ''expose'' an API. The term API may refer either to the specification or to the implementation. In contrast to a user interface, which connects a computer to a person, an application programming interface connects computers or pieces of software to each other. It is not intended to be used directly by a person (the end user) other than a computer programmer who is incorporating it into software. An API is often made up of different parts which act as tools or services that are available to the programmer. A program or a programmer that uses one of these parts is said to ''call'' that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gary Gillette
Gary Gillette is an American baseball author, editor, historian, and analyst known for his extensive work in advanced baseball metrics, historical research, and publishing. Active since the early 1980s, he has contributed to numerous books, encyclopedias, websites, and databases, often collaborating with other leading figures in sabermetrics and baseball scholarship. Gillette’s work frequently centers on the business of baseball, the history of the Negro Leagues, and the legacy of Detroit baseball, including the Detroit Tigers and the Detroit Stars. Early career and background Gillette’s involvement in advanced baseball analysis began in 1984, when he worked with Bill James, a pioneer in sabermetrics. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Gillette wrote for major newspapers such as USA Today and the Detroit Free Press, producing some of the earliest sabermetric content featured in mainstream media. During this period, he also contributed to a variety of baseball annuals and magazi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Craig R
Craig may refer to: People and fictional characters *Craig (surname), including a list of people and fictional characters *Craig (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters *Clan Craig, a Scottish clan Places United States *Craig, Alaska, a city *Craig, Colorado, a city *Craig, Iowa, a city *Craig, Missouri, a city *Craig, Montana, an unincorporated place *Craig, Nebraska, a village *Craig, Ohio, an unincorporated community *Craig County, Oklahoma *Craig County, Virginia *Craig Township, Switzerland County, Indiana *Craig Township, Burt County, Nebraska *Mount Craig (Colorado) *Mount Craig (North Carolina) *Craig Mountain, Oregon *Craig Field (airport), a public airport near Selma, Alabama, formerly: **Craig Air Force Base, a former United States Air Force base *Craig Hospital, a neurorehabilitation and research hospital in Englewood, Colorado, United States *Fort Craig, a United States Army fort in New Mexico *The Craig School, an independent, private coedu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interference (baseball)
In baseball, interference occurs in situations in which a person illegally changes the course of play from what is expected. Interference might be committed by players on the offense, players not currently in the game, catchers, umpires, or spectators. Each type of interference is covered differently by the rules. Offensive interference The most common incidence of interference occurs when a member of the offensive team physically hinders the defensive team, decreasing its chances to make an out or increasing the chance that a baserunner will advance. Whenever this ''offensive interference'' occurs, the ball becomes dead. If the interference was committed by a batter or a baserunner, that player is called out and all other runners must return to the bases they occupied at the time of the interference. If interference is committed by a runner with the obvious intent of preventing a double play, the batter-runner will be called out in addition to the runner who committed the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hit By Pitch
In baseball, hit by pitch (HBP) is an event in which a batter or his clothing or equipment (other than his bat) is struck directly by a pitch from the pitcher; the batter is called a hit batsman (HB). A hit batsman is awarded first base, provided that (in the plate umpire's judgment) he made an honest effort to avoid the pitch, although failure to do so is rarely called by an umpire. Being hit by a pitch is often caused by a batter standing too close to, or "crowding", home plate. The rule dates from 1887; before that, a pitch that struck the batter was merely a ball. Official rule Per baseball official rule 5.05(b), a batter becomes a baserunner and is awarded first base when he or his equipment (except for his bat): *is touched by a pitched ball outside the strike zone, *''and'' he attempts to avoid it (or has no opportunity to avoid it), *''and'' he did not swing at the pitch. If all these conditions are met, the ball is dead, and other baserunners advance if they are forced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intentional Base On Balls
In baseball, an intentional base on balls, usually referred to as an intentional walk and denoted in baseball scorekeeping by ''IBB'', is a walk issued to a batter by a pitcher with the intent of removing the batter's opportunity to swing at the pitched ball. A pitch that is intentionally thrown far outside the strike zone for this purpose is referred to as an ''intentional ball''. Beginning with the 2017 season, Major League Baseball has removed the requirement to throw four intentional balls. In MLB and in amateur baseball, such as high school and college games, and in most levels of Little League Baseball, the manager of the team on the field now simply asks the plate umpire to let the batter go to first base. However, beginning in 2023, Little League restricted the procedure to once per game to a single batter. If a batter is to be intentionally walked a second time, four intentional balls must be thrown. Strategy The purpose of an intentional walk is to bypass the curr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Base On Balls
A base on balls (BB), better known as a walk, occurs in baseball when a batter receives four pitches during a plate appearance that the umpire calls '' balls'', and is in turn awarded first base without the possibility of being called out. The base on balls is defined in Section 2.00 of baseball's Official Rules, and further detail is given in 6.08(a). Despite being known as a "walk", it is considered a faux pas for a professional player to actually walk to first base; the batter-runner and any advancing runners normally jog on such a play. The term "base on balls" distinguishes a walk from the other manners in which a batter can be awarded first base without liability to be put out (e.g., hit by pitch (HBP), catcher's interference). Though a base on balls, catcher's interference, or a batter hit by a pitched ball all result in the batter (and possibly runners on base) being awarded a base, the term "walk" usually refers only to a base on balls, and not the other methods of r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fielder's Choice
In baseball, fielder's choice (abbreviated FC) refers to a variety of plays involving an offensive player reaching a base due to the defense's attempt to put out another baserunner, or the defensive team's indifference to his advance. Fielder's choice is not called by the umpires on the field of play; rather, it is recorded by the official scorer to account for the offensive player's advance without crediting him with an offensive statistic such as a hit or stolen base. Though there are several definitions of fielder's choice, the most common (and the only one commonly referred to as FC) involves a fielder fielding a fair ball and choosing to try to put out another baserunner, thereby allowing the batter-runner to safely reach first base. This could be because the defensive player believes they do not have a reasonable prospect of preventing the batter-runner from reaching first base safely, but is usually because it is typically more beneficial for the defensive team to p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Double Play
In baseball and softball, a double play (denoted as DP in baseball statistics) is the act of making two outs during the same continuous play. Double plays can occur any time there is at least one baserunner and fewer than two outs. In Major League Baseball (MLB), the double play is defined in the Official Rules in the Definitions of Terms, and for the official scorer in Rule 9.11. During the 2023 Major League Baseball season, teams completed an average 132 double plays per 162 games played during the regular season. Examples The simplest scenario for a double play is a runner on first base with less than two outs. In that context, five example double plays are: * The batter hits a ground ball ** to an infielder or the pitcher, who throws the ball to one of the middle infielders, who steps on second base to force out the runner coming from first (first out), and then throws the ball to the first baseman in time to force out the batter (second out). As both outs are made by f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baseball
Baseball is a bat-and-ball games, bat-and-ball sport played between two team sport, teams of nine players each, taking turns batting (baseball), batting and Fielding (baseball), fielding. The game occurs over the course of several Pitch (baseball), plays, with each play beginning when a player on the fielding team (baseball), fielding team, called the pitcher, throws a Baseball (ball), ball that a player on the batting team (baseball), batting team, called the Batter (baseball), batter, tries to hit with a baseball bat, bat. The objective of the offensive team (batting team) is to hit the ball into the field of play, away from the other team's players, allowing its players to run the Base (baseball), bases, having them advance counter-clockwise around four bases to score what are called "Run (baseball), runs". The objective of the defensive team (referred to as the fielding team) is to prevent batters from becoming Base running, runners, and to prevent runners base running ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
