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Barskoon
Barskoon ( ky, Барскоон; russian: Барскаун, Barskaun; fa, ) is a settlement on the southern shore of Lake Issyk Kul in the Issyk-Kul Region of Kyrgyzstan. Its population was 9,040 in 2021. It is on the A363 highway between Bökönbaev to the west and Kyzyl-Suu to the east. Geography Barskoon is a village located at the mouth of the Barskoon valley. The valley connects the southern shore of Lake-Issyk-Kul to the inland Ala-Bel plateau, the upper Naryn river valley, and further towards Xinjiang and northwestern China. History Its prominent location made Barskoon an important trading post in the Middle Ages. A route of the ancient Silk Road passed through here, passing over the Bedel Pass into China. There are ruins of an ancient caravanserai in Barskoon, providing testament to the times when caravan routes dispersed from here China and India in the East and South. After the end of the Mongol Empire and the gradual decline of the Silk Road after the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeti-Ögüz District
Jeti-Ögüz ( ky, Жети-Өгүз , ''seven bulls'') is a district of Issyk-Kul Region in north-eastern Kyrgyzstan. Its seat lies at Kyzyl-Suu. Its area is , and its resident population was 93,392 in 2021. It comprises much of the eastern end of the Terskey Ala-Too Range. Geography The Terskey Alatau, Ak-Shiyrak Range, Borkoldoy Too, Jetim Bel Range, and Kakshaal Too spread across the Jeti-Ögüz District. Major valleys include Issyk-Kul Valley, Upper Naryn Valley, Ak-Shiyrak Valley, and so on. The district contains deposits of ores of tin, tungsten, copper and other metals. Among its large rivers are the Naryn, Saryjaz, Barskoon, Jeti-Ögüz, etc. File:Kyrgyzstan Canyons Dzhety Oguz 001.jpg, Broken Heart Rock File:Base of Juuku Gorge.jpg, Near the end of Juuku Gorge File:Teskey Ala-Too from Ak Terek.jpg, The Teskey Ala-Too range as seen from the beach at Ak Terek File:Mountains around Jeti Oguz.jpg, The mountains a bit south of Jeti Ögüz rock formation Population Rur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naryn (river)
The Naryn ( ky, Нарын, uz, Norin) rises in the Tian Shan mountains in Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia, flowing west through the Fergana Valley into Uzbekistan. Here it merges with the Kara Darya (near Namangan) to form the Syr Darya. It is long (together with its upper course Chong-Naryn) and its basin area is . It has an annual flow of . The river contains many reservoirs which are important in the generation of hydroelectricity. The largest of these is the Toktogul Reservoir in Kyrgyzstan containing of water. Dams downstream of the Toktogul in Kyrgyzstan include: Kürpsay, Tash-Kömür, Shamaldy-Say and Üch-Korgon. Upstream of Toktogul in Kyrgyzstan is the Kambar-Ata-2 and At-Bashy Dams while the Kambar-Ata-1 Dam is in planning stages. Some places along the river: Kyrgyzstan: Kara-Say (see Barskoon), Naryn Region, Naryn, Dostuk, Jalal-Abad Region, Kazarman, Toktogul Reservoir, Kara-Köl, Tash-Kömür. Tributaries The main tributaries of the Naryn are, from s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bedel Pass
Bedel Pass (Kyrgyz: ; ) is a mountain pass in the Tian Shan Mountains range between Kyrgyzstan and China's Xinjiang. It has an elevation of . The pass linked China to Barskon, a settlement on the southern shore of lake Issyk-kul. History Historically, the Bedel Pass served as a Silk Road trade route between China and Central Asia. On the Chinese side, the Bedel Beacon Tower () is located on the foothills along the path. It was built during the Han dynasty as part of the Han Great Wall. The beacon was reused and renovated during the Tang dynasty. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the pass was the main trade route linking Tarim Basin and Western Turks in Central Asia. A number of scholars argue that Chinese explorer Xuanzang who inspired the Chinese classic '' Journey to the West'' used this pass in the 7th century on his journey to India. The name Xuanzang used for the passage was "", it was said to be northwest of "Kingdom of Baluka", modern day city of Aksu. However, oth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seok Pass
Seok Pass, Söök Pass or Suyak Pass (russian: перевал Сёок, ky, Сөөк ашуусу) is a mountain pass in the Terskey Alatau mountain range of Kyrgyzstan. Its elevation of makes it the third highest mountain pass in Kyrgyzstan after Bedel Pass and Kyzylart Pass, and the highest one that is not on a border. It connects the Ala-Bel plateau, where the Kumtor Gold Mine is located, to the upper Naryn River valley. Seok Pass is situated on the ancient Silk Road route connecting Barskon on Lake Issyk-Kul and Kashgar in China's Xinjiang province across the Tian Shan mountains. It is one of three major passes on this route, located between Barskoon Pass (elevation ) and Bedel Pass (elevation ). As the border road over Bedel Pass to China has remained closed since Soviet times, Seok Pass is nowadays significant mainly as a strategic gateway on the A364 road to the southeastern high mountain desert areas of Kyrgyzstan along the Chinese border, and to the border posts at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahmud Al-Kashgari
Mahmud ibn Husayn ibn Muhammed al-Kashgari, ''Maḥmūd ibnu 'l-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad al-Kāšġarī'', , tr, Kaşgarlı Mahmûd, ug, مەھمۇد قەشقىرى, ''Mehmud Qeshqiri'' / Мәһмуд Қәшқири uz, Mahmud Qashg'ariy / Махмуд Қашғарий was an 11th-century Kara-Khanid scholar and lexicographer of the Turkic languages from Kashgar. His father, Husayn, was the mayor of Barsgan, a town in the southeastern part of the lake of Issyk-Kul (nowadays village of Barskoon in Northern Kyrgyzstan's Issyk-Kul Region) and related to the ruling dynasty of Kara-Khanid Khanate. Work Al-Kashgari studied the Turkic languages of his time and in Baghdad he compiled the first comprehensive dictionary of Turkic languages, the ' (English: "Compendium of the languages of the Turks") in 1072–74. It was intended for use by the Abbasid Caliphate, the new Arab allies of the Turks. Mahmud Kashgari's comprehensive dictionary, later edited by the Turkish historian, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyzyl-Suu
Kyzyl-Suu ( ky, Кызыл-Суу, formerly known as ''Pokrovka'') is a village in the Issyk-Kul Region of Kyrgyzstan. About 10km inland from Lake Issyk Kul on the A363 highway between Jeti-Ögüz resort and Barskoon, it is the capital of Jeti-Ögüz District. Its population was 15,075 in 2021. At the head of the Chong Kyzyl-Suu ('little red water') valley, it is a base for trekking into the 14,000 foot mountains to the south. Etymology Kyzyl-Suu is named for the "Kyzyl-Suu" river that runs through it. Kyzyl-Suu literally translates to "red water", in reference to the red clay which stains the water during periods of heavy rain. The name is similar to that of the Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Xinjiang, SASM/GNC: ''Xinjang''; zh, c=, p=Xīnjiāng; formerly romanized as Sinkiang (, ), officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwest ..., China. Population ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Issyk Kul
Issyk-Kul (also Ysyk-Köl, ky, Ысык-Көл, lit=warm lake, translit=Ysyk-Köl, , zh, 伊塞克湖) is an endorheic lake (i.e., without outflow) in the Northern Tian Shan mountains in Eastern Kyrgyzstan. It is the seventh-deepest lake in the world, the tenth-largest lake in the world by volume (though not in surface area) and the second-largest saline lake after the Caspian Sea. Issyk-Kul means "warm lake" in the Kyrgyz language; although it is located at a lofty elevation of and subject to severe cold during winter, it never freezes. The lake is a Ramsar site of globally significant biodiversity and forms part of the Issyk-Kul Biosphere Reserve. Geography Issyk-Kul Lake is long, up to wide and its area is . It is the second-largest mountain lake in the world behind Lake Titicaca in South America. It is at an altitude of and reaches in depth. About 118 rivers and streams flow into the lake; the largest are the Jyrgalang and Tüp. It is fed by springs, including m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkic Languages
The Turkic languages are a language family of over 35 documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia from Eastern Europe and Southern Europe to Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia (Siberia), and Western Asia. The Turkic languages originated in a region of East Asia spanning from Mongolia to Northwest China, where Proto-Turkic is thought to have been spoken, from where they expanded to Central Asia and farther west during the first millennium. They are characterized as a dialect continuum. Turkic languages are spoken by some 200 million people. The Turkic language with the greatest number of speakers is Turkish, spoken mainly in Anatolia and the Balkans; its native speakers account for about 38% of all Turkic speakers. Characteristic features such as vowel harmony, agglutination, subject-object-verb order, and lack of grammatical gender, are almost universal within the Turkic family. There is a high degree of mutual intelligibility, upon moderate expo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyrgyz Language
Kyrgyz (; autonym: , tr. ''Kyrgyz tili'', ) is a Turkic language of the Kipchak branch spoken in Central Asia. Kyrgyz is the official language of Kyrgyzstan and a significant minority language in the Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang, China and in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region of Tajikistan. There is a very high level of mutual intelligibility between Kyrgyz, Kazakh, and Altay. A dialect of Kyrgyz known as Pamiri Kyrgyz is spoken in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Kyrgyz is also spoken by many ethnic Kyrgyz through the former Soviet Union, Afghanistan, Turkey, parts of northern Pakistan, and Russia. Kyrgyz was originally written in Göktürk script, gradually replaced by the Perso-Arabic alphabet (in use until 1928 in the USSR, still in use in China). Between 1928 and 1940 a Latin-script alphabet, the Uniform Turkic Alphabet, was used. In 1940, Soviet authorities replaced the Latin script with the Cyrillic alphabet for all Turkic countries. Whe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clifford Edmund Bosworth
Clifford Edmund Bosworth FBA (29 December 1928 – 28 February 2015) was an English historian and Orientalist, specialising in Arabic and Iranian studies. Life Bosworth was born on 29 December 1928 in Sheffield, West Riding of Yorkshire (now South Yorkshire). His father Clifford Bosworth, clerked for Board of Guardians before working for Ministry of Pensions and National Insurance, his mother was Gladys Constance Gregory. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree in modern history from the St John's College, Oxford, before achieving an MA in Middle Eastern studies and PhD degrees from the University of Edinburgh. Before attending the University of Edinburgh, he worked for the Department of Agriculture for Scotland, where he met Annettee Ellen Todd, who he would go on to marry in Edinburgh on 19 September 1957, the couple would go on to have three daughters. He held permanent posts at the University of St Andrews, University of Manchester, and at the Center for the Humanities ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Khordadbeh
Abu'l-Qasim Ubaydallah ibn Abdallah ibn Khordadbeh ( ar, ابوالقاسم عبیدالله ابن خرداذبه; 820/825–913), commonly known as Ibn Khordadbeh (also spelled Ibn Khurradadhbih; ), was a high-ranking Persian bureaucrat and geographer in the Abbasid Caliphate. He is the author of the earliest surviving Arabic book of administrative geography. Biography Ibn Khordadbeh was the son of Abdallah ibn Khordadbeh, who had governed the northern Iranian region of Tabaristan under the Abbasid caliph al-Mamun (), and in 816/17 conquered the neighbouring region of Daylam, as well as repelled the Bavandid '' ispahbadh'' (ruler) Shahriyar I () from the highlands of Tabaristan. Ibn Khordadbeh's grandfather was Khordadbeh, a former Zoroastrian who was convinced by the Barmakids to convert to Islam. He may have been the same person as Khordadbeh al-Razi, who had provided Abu'l-Hasan al-Mada'ini (died 843) the details regarding the flight of the last Sasanian emperor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
